सम्झनामा चीन भ्रमण

cfVofgsf cfnf]sdf df]bgfy k|l>t

8f= hLj]Gb|b]j lu/L

!= k|f/De

k|ultjfbL ;flxTosf/ df]bgfy k|l>tn] y'k|} s[lt g]kfnL jfª\dosf kf]N6fdf k'¥ofO ;s]sf 5g\ . pgn] sljtf, gf6s, lgaGw, pkGof;, ;dfnf]rgf Pjd\ syf cflb ;flxlTos ljwfsf ;fy} jfª\dosf cGo If]qdf klg cfˆgf] l;h{gzLn snd rnfPsf 5g\ . cfdfsf cfF;' -@)!(_, ha rN5 x'/L -@)$(_ / ;ª\slnt sljtfx¿ -@)%*_ h:tf sljtf ;ª\u|x, a'af v} < -@)@)_ / uf]n 3/sf] ;Gb]z -@)#(_  h:tf v08sfJo clg dfgj -@)@#_ / b]jf;'/ ;ª\u|fd -@)#)_ h:tf dxfsfJo pgsf sljtfTds Pjd\ uLTofTds s[ltx¿ x'g\ . pgsf krf; ?lkofFsf] td;'s -@)@*, ;xn]vg_, cfdfsf] sfvdf -@)#@_, ;kgfx¿ M pkxf/ b]znfO{ -@)$(_, dGqLhL -@)%)_ tyf a'4 / r08fn o'jtL -@)%*_ h:tf gf6s / uLltgf6ssf ¿kdf k|sflzt 5g\ . o;/L g} ctLtsf kfOnfx¿ -@)$@_ / dfg;k6sf t:jL/x¿ -@)$(_ ;+:d/0ffTds s[ltsf ¿kdf tyf s]xL ;f+:s[lts lgaGwx¿ -@)$&_ sf ;fy} gf/L M aGwg / d'lSt -@)#@_, e"tk|] tsf] syf -@)$@_, gfgLx¿nfO{ s;/L c;n agfpg] -@)$$_, wd{ / gf/L -@)$&_, dfgjtfsf] snª\s hftkft / 5'jf5't k|yf -@)%*_ h:tf lgaGw Pjd\ n]vx¿sf ;Fufnfsf ¿kdf g]kfnL ;flxTosf kf7sx¿ dfem pkl:yt 5g\ eg] j}rfl/s ljsf;sf] ;Gbe{df nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f -@)#%_ tyf snf ;flxTo / ;f}Gbo{ ;dLIff -@)%*_ ;dfnf]rgf kmfF6df / rf]/ -@)$$_ nfO{ pkGof;sf ¿kdf / syfx¿ -@)%*_ tyf s]xL 7§f s]xL dsf{ -@)$&_ nfO{ syf–pksyfsf ¿kdf, hgjfbL ;+:s[lt -@)@(_ / hg;+:s[ltsf gofF lbzf -@)$*_ Pjd\ jgf}iflw lrlsT;f -@)$(_ h:tf ;+:s[lt If]qsf clen]v tyf lrlsT;f If]qsf u|Gyx¿ klg g]kfnL jfª\don] pgLaf6 k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . pgsf b'O{ bh{geGbf a9L k':ts k'Ug] /rgfx¿ kq klqsfsf kfgfdf 5l/P/ /x]sf 5g\ eg] TolQs} k|sflzt /rgfx¿ klg kmfOndf yGs]/ /x]sf 5g\ . g]kfnL Oltxf;sf] dxTTjk"0f{ k':tssf] tof/Ldf h'6\g] sfd klg pgn] ul/ /x]sf 5g\ . k|l>tsf] sndn] clxn] klg ysfO df/]sf] 5}g / ljleGg kq klqsfdf cg]sf}F n]vx¿sf dfWodaf6 cfˆgf ljrf/x¿ k|jflxt ul//x]sf] 5 . pgnfO{ h]nsf sfn sf]7/Ldf sf]lrFbf klg pgsf] n]vs ;lqmo /lx/x\of] eg] /fhg}lts If]qsf ljleGg lhDd]jf/Lsf rfkdf klg To;n] g]kfnL ;flxTo / jfª\donfO{ pkof]uL ;fdu|Lx¿ k|bfg ub}{ hg;]jfdf kl;gf   aufO /x\of] .

g]kfnL ;flxTosf Ps hglk|o k|ltefsf ¿kdf k|l>tsf s[ltx¿ ljleGg ;+:s/0fdf xhf/f}Fsf ;ª\Vofdf 5flkP/ ljtl/t ePsf 5g\ / sltkosf rf]/L ;+:s/0fx¿ klg b]vf k/]sf 5g\ . o;af6 g} pgsf] hglk|otfnfO{ cfFSg ;lsG5 . pgsf s[ltx¿ lrGtgnfO{ cfˆgf dg dl:tisdf ljlzi6 :yfg lbg] JolStx¿ klg w]/} 5g\ . g]kfnL ;dfnf]rgfn] kf7sx¿dfem n]vssf] hglk|otfnfO{ b[li6ut u/]/ n]vsnfO{ d"Nofª\sg ug]{ k4ltsf] ljsf; ug{ ;fob cem} eljiolt/ cfFvf tGsfO /x]sf] 5 / To;n] ;flxTosf/ k|l>tk|lt klg Gofo ug]{ ck]Iff ug{ ;lsG5, tfklg s] s'/f rflxF kSsf xf] eg] g]kfnL ;flxTosf w'/L0f k|ltefx¿sf kª\lStdf k|l>tsf] :yfg ;'/lIft 5 .

k|l>tn] ;flxlTos If]q aflx/sf cg]s dxTTjk"0f{ pQ/bfloTjx¿ af]Sb} ;flxTo / jfª\donfO{ h] ;'Dk]sf 5g\, To;k|lt u'0fu|fxL ;dfh cg'u[xLt x'g} kb{5 . pgsf hLjgL, JolStTj / s[ltTjsf ljleGg kIfx¿nfO{ s]nfP/ pgn] Oltxf;sf dxTTjk"0f{ 38Lx¿df / ;dsfnLg kl/j]zdf u/]sf] of]ubfgsf] n]vfhf]vf x'g cfjZos 5 . cj:t'ut ¿kdf ul/g] xr'jf l6Kk0fLn] g Oltxf;nfO{ Gofo ug{ ;St5 g t jt{dfgnfO{ g} ult k|bfg ug{ ;St5  . To;}n] pgn] ;flxTosf ljleGg ljwfdf u/]sf of]ubfgsf ljifodf g]kfnL ;dfnf]rgfn] /fVg] rf;f] ;flxlTos Oltxf;sf lglDt dfq geO{ ;fdflhs cu|ultsf lglDt klg plQs} dxTTj /fVt5 .

b]jf;'/ ;ª\u|fd h:tf] dxfsfJo, uf]n3/sf] ;Gb]z h:tf] v08sfJo / cg]s rlr{t sljtfx¿n] ubf{ k|l>tsf] sljsd{ w]/}sf cfFvfdf k/]sf] 5 . krf; ?lkofFsf] td;'ssf] k~rfotsfnd} b]z ljb]zdf ePsf] Jofks k|bz{g, ;kgfx¿ M pkxf/ b]znfO{df cfwfl/t alnbfg rnlrq lgdf{0f tyf a'4 / r08fn o'jtLsf] k|bz{gn] pgsf] gf6ssf/sf] klxrfgnfO{ klg Jofks agfPsf 5g\ . pgsf gf/L M aGwg / d'lSt, hLjf0f'b]lv dfgj;Dd / e"t k|]tsf] syf h:tf s[ltx¿ klg sd kl9Pgg\ / lgaGwsf/sf ¿kdf klg pgL s}og\ kf7ssf cfFvfsf gfgL ag]sf 5g\ . pgn] b]jsf]6faf/] n]v]sf] ;dfnf]rgfn] g]kfnL ;dfnf]rgfsf If]qdf NofPsf] e'OFrfnf]sf] wSsf tTsfnLg ;Qfsf tfa]bf/x¿n] /fd|/L cg'e"t u/]sf] x'g' k5{ . cfVofgsf If]qdf klg pgsf /rgfx¿ plQs} ;zSt 5g\ / hgj}/Lx¿sf] ;ftf] lng] Ifdtfn] o'St logsf cltl/St pgsf] cGo s[ltx¿ klg sd zlStzfnL   5}gg\ . of] ;a}sf] ljwfut / s[ltut cWoog u/]/ dfq k|l>tsf] of]ubfgnfO{ 7Dofpg ;lsG5 . k|:t't ;Gbe{df pSt ljwfx¿dWo] cfVofgdf s]lGb|t /x]/ To;}sf cfnf]sdf k|l>tnfO{ lgofNg] k|oTg ul/Psf] 5 .

@= cfVofgfTds s[ltx¿

df]bgfy k|l>tsf k|sflzt cfVofgfTds s[ltx¿ df]bgfy k|l>t M ;+slnt /rgfx¿ v08–#   -@)%*_ df Psd'i6 a6'lnPsf 5g\ eg] s]xL s[lt n]lvP/ klg hg ;d'bfo ;dIf k'Ug ;s]sf 5}gg\ . pgsf cfVofgfTds s[ltsf ¿kdf pkGof; tyf syf pksyfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . x'g t sfJo / gf6sdf klg cfVofg tTTj cGtlg{lxt x'G5, tfklg oxfF d"n ¿kdf syf / pkGof;sf cfFvL‰ofnaf6 k|l>tsf] cfVofgsfl/tfnfO{ lrofpg] r]i6f ul/Psf] 5 .

pkGof;sf ¿kdf b]zeSt nIdLafO{ / rf]/ k':tsfsf/df ;d]t k|sflzt ePsf 5g\ . pgsf cGo ltg pkGof;x¿ …;ª\sNk,Ú …¿ksf] xf6Ú / …hLjg lg/f]wÚ eg] 5flkg] cj:yfdf k'u]/ klg ufoa ePsf] kL8f pgn] JoSt u/]sf 5g\ . pgsf cg';f/ e}/xjf h]ndf @)@^÷@)@& df a:bf …;ª\sNkÚ gfds pkGof; n]lvPsf] lyof] / ;'/lIft cjt/0fsf lglDt h]n aflx/ ;fyLx¿sxfF k7fOPsf] lyof], t/ k|x/Ln] 5fkf dfg]{ cfzª\sfdf ;fyLx¿n] To;nfO{ df6fd'lg k'bf{ Tof] ToxLF ;dfKt eof] . To;df @)@@÷@)@# df ¿kGb]xLdf ;~rflnt ls;fg cfGbf]ngnfO{ ljifo j:t' agfOPsf] hfgsf/L klg k|l>tn] lbPsf 5g\ . o;/L g} e}/xjf h]ndf ;'? u/]/ eb|uf]n h]n sf7df8f}Fdf k'/f u/]sf pgsf b'O{ pkGof; …¿ksf] xf6Ú / …hLjg lg/f]wÚ pgn] @)#& df h]naf6 5'6]kl5 5fKg] pb\b]Zon] agf/; k'¥ofPsf lyP, t/ Tolt j]nf 5fKg] cg's"n k/]g . clg tL s[ltx¿ cfkm";Fu} /fvL kf6L{sf d'vkqx¿ 5fk]/ pgL g]kfn kms{g] qmddf k'gM ¿kGb]xLdf kqmfp k/] . k~rfotL k|zf;gn] pgL;Fu ePsf ;a} ;fdu|Lx¿ vf];]/ ufoa kfg]{ qmddf tL ck|sflzt pkGof;x¿ klg a]kQf kf¥of] …¿ksf] xf6Údf g]kfnL r]nLa]6Lsf] laqmL tyf ef/tsf j]Zofnosf] gf/sLo oftgfsf] clg …hLjg lg/f]wÚdf :jfledfgL sfldd ;]lk{gLsf] b'MvfGt cfTdxTofsf] aofg ul/Psf] s'/f pkGof;sf/n] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] logsf af/]df …n'l6Psf pkGof;Ú -@)$%_ gfds n]vdf cfkm"n] rrf{ ul/ ;s]sf] hfgsf/L klg pgn] lbPsf 5g\ . oL b'O{ pkGof;dWo] klxnf]nfO{ ;fdflhs pkGof;sf] / bf];|f]nfO{ dgf]j}1flgs pkGof;sf] ;+1f klg pgn] lbPsf 5g\ . o;sf ;fy} …¿ksf] xf6Úsf] v];|fk|lt km]nf k/]sfn] To;n] kl/dfh{g Pjd\ k|sfzgsf] cj;/ h'/]df ;fj{hlgs x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgflt/ klg pgn] ;ª\s]t u/]sf 5g\ .

pgsf …syfx¿Údf ;ft j6f syfx¿ dfq ;ª\slnt 5g\— …Tof] dfG5]Ú, …d oxfF bz jif{b]lv v8f 5'Ú, …lgd{nfÚ, …:ju{sf lkt[Ú, …emu8fsf] lapÚ, …k5'tf]Ú / …g/ssL b]jLÚ zLif{sdf tL b]vf k/]sf 5g\ . o;/L g} pgn] …s]xL dsf{Ú leqsf /rgfx¿nfO{ pksyf zLif{s lbPsf 5g\ . tL /rgfx¿ syfeGbf lgaGwsf glhs /x]sf eP klg sltko dxTTjk"0f{ 36gf / sf/0fx¿;Fu tL cfa4 /x]sf / n]vsn] klg cfˆgf pkGof; / syfx¿;Fu ufF;]/ ltgnfO{ k|:t't u/]sfn] o; n]vdf ltgnfO{ klg rrf{sf] ;]/f]km]/f]df tfGg] k|oTg ul/Psf] 5 .

#= cfVofgfTds s[ltx¿df j:t'tTTj

k|ultjfbL cfVofgsf/ k|l>tn] oxL b'lgofFsf] ;]/f]km]/f]af6 cfˆgf cfVofgx¿sf] ;fdn a6'n]sf 5g\ . To;df klg cfkm"n] 6]s]sf] wtL{ / b]v]ef]u]sf] ;dfhs} jf:tljstfnfO{ lgi7fsf ;fy k|:t't ug]{ sfd To;n] u/]sf] 5 . o; qmddf oxfFsf Oltxf;, /fhgLlt, zf;g Joj:yf, ;dfh, ;+:s[lt, e"uf]n, k|s[lt cflbsf ljljw kIfx¿sf] cª\sg ul/Psf] 5 . pgsf cfVofgleq ;fd|fHojfb / ;fdGtjfbsf pTkL8g, ltgsf lj?4 ePsf jL/tfk"0f{ efjgf, gf/Lx¿sf ul/dfk"0f{ sfo{, juL{o dfofk|]d, cfWoflTds ¿l9 / cGw ljZjf; ¿kL s';+:sf/, hftLo e]befj / 5'jf5'tsf] b'ikl/0ffd, ;dfhdf JoQm cGofo / s'gLlt, k|x/L lx/f;t / h]nsf oftgf cflb h:tf pgn] a6'n]sf tdfd sRrf kbfy{ ¿kL tYox¿nfO{ ;flxlTos / j}rfl/s e§Ldf vf/]/ pgsf] cfVofgsf/n] cfˆgf kf7sx¿ dfem k:s]sf] 5 . oL ljleGg ljifout ljz]iftf pgsf] cfVofgsfl/tfsf pNn]vgLo kIf ag]sf 5g\ .

#=! ;fd|fHojfbsf] lj/f]w

k|l>tsf cfVofgfTds s[ltx¿df cª\u|]hL ;fd|fHojfbnfO{ wfjf af]lnPsf] 5 . O:6 OlG8of sDkgLsf gfpFdf Jofkf/ ug]{ lgx'Fn] ef/t k;]sf cª\u|]hx¿n] ef/tLo hgtfnfO{ slt ;tfP / To;sf] k|ltsf/ s;/L ul/of] eGg] s'/fsf] ;hLj j0f{g b]zeSt nIdLafO{df kfOG5 eg] cGo s[ltx¿df klg cf}klgj]lzs s'lgotnfO{ pbfª\uf] kfg]{ / To; lj?4 r]tgfsf] Hjfnf k|Hjlnt ug]{ sfd ul/Psf] 5 .

a]nfotL /fHosf ueg{/ hg/n jf nf6 ;fxa 8nxf}hL / s}lgª tyf ltgsf] ;}Go zlSt xfFSg] dfnsd, 8gnk uf8{g, /f]h cflbsf lgb]{zgdf ef/tsf /fhf /hf}6f, ;d|f6\ / afbzfxsf /fHox¿ vf]l;Psf] tyf ef/tLo hgtfnfO{ Jofks bdgsf ;fy k/fwLg t'NofOPsf] clg To;sf lj?4 emfF;LsL /fgL nIdLafO{sf g]t[Tjdf jL/tfk"0f{ n8fOF nl8Psf] s'/f b]zeSQ nIdLafO{df jl0f{t 5 . o; pkGof;n] k|hftGqsf] 9\jfª km'Sg] cª\u|]hx¿sf] :jfy{ nf]n'ktf / qm"/ cTofrf/sf] jf:tljs lrq k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . …km'6 kf/ clg zf;g u/Úsf] pgLx¿sf] gLlt tyf To; cGtu{t ePsf if8\oGq, k|nf]eg, cfqmd0f / cTofrf/sf cfª lhl/ª\ª kfg]{ 36gfx¿ ToxfF k|:t't 5g\ . ;fdGtL wfs, /afkm, ef]u ljnf; / cGofodf r'n'{Dd 8'a]sf ef/tLo zf;sx¿sf] sdhf]/Lsf] kmfObf p7fO{ cª\u|]hL ;fd|fHojfbn] ef/tLo hgtfsf 6fpsfdf a];/L lu/ v]Nof] / o;af6 lbNnL, snsQf, a'Gb]nv08, k~hfa, nvgp, sfgk'/, Ujflno/, Onfxfjfb, lkm/f]hk'/, kmQ]xk'/, cxdb gu/, zfxu9, dbg k'/ cflb s'g} klg ar]gg\ . kmntM s]xL /fhf /hf}6fx¿ n8fOFdf k5fl/P, s]xL hfndf k/]/ latf{jfn / eQfjfndf kl/0ft eP / s]xL bf;tf l:jsf/]/ lbg u'hfg{ ljjz eP, t/ klg nIdLafO{ h:tfsf] pbon] cª\u|]hL zf;sx¿sf] d'6' xNnfO lbof] . pgsf] ;}Go ;ª\u7g, tflnd k|lzIf0f, xftxltof/ lgdf{0f, uf]nf af?bsf] e08f/0f / ;Ifd g]t[Tjn] ef/tLox¿df 7'nf] cfzf / pT;fxsf] ;~rf/ ul/ lbof] . pgsf] cfˆg} ;}Go ;ª\u7gleqsf cª\u|]hx¿åf/f kflnt kf]lift hf;';x¿sf ljZjf;3ftL lqmofsnfksf sf/0f emfF;Lsf] n8fOF xfg'{ k¥of] / ljnf;L /fj ;fxasf sdhf]/L ;d]tn] ubf{ sfnkLdf wSsf vfFb} Ujflno/sf] o'4 d}bfgdf pgn] Hofg u'dfpg' k¥of] tfklg cfˆgf] /fi6« / hgtfsf lglDt pgn] u/]sf] cg'kd pT;u{sf] syf Oltxf;sf] uf}/jdo kfgf ag]sf] 5 .

k|l>tsf] pkGof;sf/n] Psflt/ uf]/f cª\u|]hx¿sf sfnf s/t'tnfO{ k|:t't u/]sf] 5 eg] csf{lt/ ltgsf lj?4 8l6 /x]sf Gofok|]dL of]4fx¿sf pHofnf sfdx¿nfO{ cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 . ToxfFleq   cª\u|]hL ;]gfn] lgxTyf hgtf, dlxnf, a'9fa'9L, afnaflnsf / cfˆg} ;}lgs ;ª\u7gdf /x]sf ef/tLo l;kfxLx¿nfO{ uf]nL xfg]/, ;ª\lug /f]k]/, kmfF;Ldf r9fP/ tyf cfufdf 89fP/ Hofg lnO /x]sf] b[Zo b]lvG5 . ToxLF g} ef/tsf ljleGg efuaf6 Psh'6 ePsf cg]s hftsf k'?if / dlxnfx¿ nIdLafO{sf g]t[Tjdf cª\u|]hx¿sf cGofosf lj?4 Gofok"0f{ n8fOF nl8 /x]sf] / a'9fkfsf tyf cfd hgtfn] ltgnfO{ wfk dfl/ /x]sf] klg b]lvG5 . ctM pkGof;sf/n] kL8s / kLl8tx¿sf] ;dy{gdf Jofks hgdt h'6fpg] sfd u/]sf 5g\ .

b]zeSt nIdLafO{ pkGof;df g]kfnL k|;ª\unfO{ ;d]t ufF:g] sfd pkGof;sf/n] u/]sf 5g\ . eLd;]g yfkfn] cª\u|]hx¿sf lj?4 Psh'6 x'g ef/tLo zf;sx¿nfO{ kqfrf/ u/]sf] / To;df jf0fLlglwsf] cª\u|]h lj/f]wL sljtf ;d]t ;dfj]z ePsf] k|;ª\u pgn] pkGof;df pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . olt dfq geP/ hª\u axfb'/ /f0ffn] ef/tsf] l;kfxL ljb|f]x bafpg cfˆgf] kmf}h k7fP/ gk'uL cfkm}F pkl:yt eP/ cªu|]hx¿sf] O/fbf k'/f u/]sf] ;Gbe{ klg plNnlvt 5 . g]kfnL Oltxf;sf >4]o kfq eLd;]g yfkf / vn kfq hª\u axfb'/sf pQm k|;ª\ux¿ klg cª\u|]hL ;fd|fHojfbs} lj?4 nlIft 5g\ .

k|:t't pkGof;df k|l>tsf r]tgzLn cfFvfn] ;fdGtjfbsf] a'O{ r9]/ ;fd|fHojfb ef/tdf lelqPsf] / ToxfFsf] hgtfsf] ljb|f]x y]Ug xDd]xDd] k/]kl5 g]kfnL ;fdGtjfb;Fu 3fF6L hf]8\g k'u]sf] jf:tljstfnfO{ /fd|/L 7DofPsf] kfOG5 . To;}n] pgn] cfˆgf] k|xf/sf] lg;fgf ;fd|fHojfbnfO{ agfP klg ;fdGtjfbåf/f h/f l5dNg' kg]{ cfjZostflt/ klg 7fpF 7fpFdf ;ª\s]t u/]sf 5g\ .

…Pp6f /fd|L / c;n af]S;L rflxof]Ú eGg] k|l>tsf] pksyfdf klg ;fd|fHojfbk|lt wf/] xft nufOPsf] 5 . To;df ljZjd} dg k/L ug]{ ;fd|fHojfbLx¿sf ;}lgs / zf:qf:qnfO{ v'q'Ss} kfg]{ / ef/tLo cf}klgj]lzs lyrf]ldrf] Pjd\ c;dfg ;lGw cGt ug]{ rfxgf k|s6 ePsf] 5 . o;/L g} …:ju{sf lkt[Údf bf];|f] o'4 / To;df efu lng] a]nfot Pjd\ hfkfgsf kmGbfdf k/]/ lhpFb} d/] ;/x hLjg afFRg ljjz Ps g]kfnLsf] syf 5 . o;/L cfVofgsf ;fgfltgf k||b]z rxfg]{ l;nl;nfdf klg k|l>tsf] ;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL efjgf s'g} g s'g} ¿kdf k|s6 ePsf] 5 .

#=@ ;fdGtjfbnfO{ k|xf/

cfVofgsf/ k|l>tn] ;fdGtjfbnfO{ k|xf/ ub}{ cfˆgf xsL Pjd\ Gofok]|dL cfafh 3GsfPsf   5g\ . pgsf rf]/ / b]zeSt nIdLafO{ b'a} pkGof;df ;fdGtL pTkL8gsf sxfnL nfUbf sxfgLx¿ k|:t't ePsf 5g\ eg] …d oxfF bz jif{b]lv v8f 5'Ú / …k5'tf]Ú zLif{ssf syfx¿df klg ;f] kL8f cleJoSt 5 . rf]/ pkGof;df ag]kfsf] kb\d] ;fx'n] ls:g]sf afa'nfO{ pgsf OR5f ljk/Lt Ifdtf aflx/sf] v;|'sf] ?v r9]/ 3fF; sf6\g] sfddf nufpFbf pgsf] Hofg uPsf] / To;kl5 afns ls:g] p;sL cfdf / alxgLn] ;fx', k'hf/L, l;l8cf] / k|x/Lsf cGofok"0f{ Pjd\ cfttfoL lqmofsnfksf] l;sf/ x'g' k/]sf] x[boljbf/s syf 5 . kb\d] ;fx'n] C0fsf] lx;fa u/]/ cfdf5f]/fnfO{ sfddf dfq bnfPg, pgLx¿sf] r}gf/f]8 5]psf] hUuf, af; / kfn]sf j:t'efp ;d]t x8k]/ pl7af; nufof] . cfF;'sf 3'6\sf lkpFb} eStk'/ / sf7df8f}F k;]sf tL ltg k|f0fLnfO{ st} ;fx'x¿n] s's'/ nufP/ nv]6\g], st} gfafnssf xftv'§f uNg] u/L yf]/} Hofnfdf sfddf bNg] / st} dlGb/df cf>o lnPsf avt k'hf/Ln] cfkm" :jod\ / k'ln;sf] ldn]dtf]df unxTofpg] / s'6lk6 ug]{ h:tf cdfgjLo sfd u/]sf 5g\ . o;} qmddf ls:g]sL gfafns alxgLsf] d[To' klg ePsf] 5 . d[tssf] nf; Rofk]/ dlGb/sf] cf>o lnO /x]sf cfdf5f]/fnfO{ rGbg] k'hf/Ln] u/]sf b'Jo{jxf/ / k'ln;n] nv]6]/ lt3|fdf ;f]7f a;f{pFb} ;x/af6 aflx/ k7fPsf] b[Zo cToGt sf?l0fs 5 . l;l8cf]sf 3/df sfd ug{ a:bf pgLx¿k|lt ul/Psf] cTofrf/ klg aofg u/L ;fWo 5}g . ;'Ts]/L :jf:gL dfOt uPsf] cj;/ kf/L ls:g]sL cfdfnfO{ 9f]sf y'g]/ anfTsf/ ug]{ l;l8cf]sf] b'ik|of; cfdf5f]/fsf lj/f]wn] c;kmn ePkl5 b'a}nfO{ em'6f] rf]/Lsf] ph'/Ldf km;fO{ k|x/L lx/f;tdf lbg;Dd oftgf lbOPsf] / pgLx¿sf] k|ltsf/af6 cflht eO{ ls:g]nfO{ yªlynf] kf/]/ jL/uGhdf / p;sL cfdfnfO{ kf7]3/ ;d]t aflx/ lg:sg] u/L s'6]/ gk'uL ljif v'jfP/ kf]v/fsf ;8sx¿df k|x/L :jod\n] cnkq 5f8]sf 36gfx¿ klg cToGt b'MvbfoL 5g\ . sf7df8f}F kms]{/ l;l8cf]sf] abgfdL gug]{ s8f cfb]z lbOPsf cfdf5f]/f s'g} pkofn] sf7df8f}F cfPkl5 ls:g]n] cfˆgL cfdfsf] pkrf/ ug{ yf]/} vr{ klg hf]/hfd ug{ ;s]g / cfkm"n] kl;gf aufPsf] Hofnfsf] 7'n} c+z afFsL /x]sf] l;l8cf]sf 3/af6 Pp6f lunf; / yfn rf]/]/ a]Rg k;n]sxfF k'Uof] . k;n]n] To; lg/Lx afnssf] j]bgf / cfdfsf] pkrf/ ug]{ rfxgf a'‰g'sf] ;f6f] pN6} l;l8cf]nfO{ va/ u¥of] / rf]/Lsf] ck/fwdf ls:g]nfO{ h]n k'¥ofOof] ha ls p;sL cfdf d[To'zo\ofdf 56k6fO /x]sL lyOg\ .   

rf]/ pkGof;n] o;/L lgDg ju{sf hgtfx¿ ;fdGtL hfFtfdf lkl;Psf] s'/f Psflt/ JoSt u/]sf] 5 eg] csf{lt/ h]naf6 lg:s]kl5 sf7df8f}Fdf sfd ubf{ e]6]sf cfˆgf ljBfyL{ dfdfx¿sf ;Dks{df k'u]/ cGofo cTofrf/sf] cGTosf nflu h'6\g] ls:g]sf] ;ª\sNknfO{ klg k|s6 u/]sf] 5 . p;sf ;ª\sNkdf cfVofgsf/n] dft[e"ldsf] xTs8L tf]8\g] ;Gtfg hGdg yfn]sf] ;'gf}nf] ;kgf b]v]sf] s'/f u/]/ ;fdGtL pTkL8gsf] cGTo eO 5f8\g] ck]Iff u/]sf 5g\ .

b]zeSt nIdLafO{df klg ;fdGtL zf;gsf cg]s crfSnLx¿nfO{ b]Vg ;lsG5 . emfF;Lsf] zf;gsf] lhDd]jf/L kfPsf uª\ufw/ /fjn] ;fdfGoeGbf ;fdGo 36gfdf dfG5]sf] lha|f] sf6\g], Hofg lng] / b]z lgsfnf ug]{ h3Go sfo{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . pgL gt{s / ef6x¿sf 3]/fdf /xg] u/]sf] / /fHosf] 9's'6L ef]u ljnf;, gfrufg, alS;;, ;df/f]x cflbdf p8fpg d:t /x]sf] b]lvG5 . gf/LnfO{ ef]u ljnf;sf ;fwg 7fGg] oL /fjnfO{ nIdLafO{n] klt j/0f u/]kl5 7]ufgdf Nofpg lgs} ;ª\3if{ u/]sL 5g\ . cfˆgL k]|ldsfnfO{ b[li6 nufPsf cf/f]kdf cfˆgf klt uª\ufw/ /fjåf/f lgsfnf ul/Psf v'bfaV;nfO{ nIdLafO{n] ;Ddfg k|bfg u/]sL 5g\ . /fj ;fxa / gfgf ;fxax¿ clg tdfd /hf}6fx¿df kfOg] ;fdGtL cg}ltstf / ef]u ljnf;sf] klg o; pkGof;df aofg ul/Psf] 5 . /fj ;fxax¿ n8fOF rln /x]sf a]nf dxTTjk"0f{ ;}lgs lhDd]jf/L ;Dxfn]sf gf/Lx¿nfO{ grfpg] k|:tfj /fVb5g\ / Ujflno/ xftdf kfg]{ lalQs} df]h dHhfdf 8'Ag] / ef6x¿sf :t'ltdf /dfpg] ub{5g\ . cª\u]|hx¿ ef/tLo zf;sx¿sf o:tf lqmofsnfk;Fu kl/lrt 5g\ / ltgsf] cfnf]rgf ub}{ cfˆgf] b'gf] ;f]‰ofpg pBt 5g\ . b]zeSt nIdLafO{n] Psflt/ ;fdGtL ;Qfdf hgtfn] ef]u]sf] si6nfO{ k|sfzdf NofPsf] 5 eg] csf{lt/ ef/tLo :jtGqtf ;ª\u|fdn] wSsf vfg'df ;fdGtL k|j[lQ lhDd]jf/ /x]sf] cfsng klg u/]sf] 5 .

…d oxfF b; jif{b]lv v8f 5'Ú eGg] syfdf ;fx'sf] C0f ltgf{sf lglDt k/b]zdf sfd ug{ uPsf] / To;af6 ;d:of xn geP/ 56k6fO /x]s} cj:yfdf cfdfk|lt HofbtL u/]/ ;fx'n] yfgfsf] oftgf ef]ufPkl5 k|x/L ag]sf] Ps ;fdfGo g]kfnLsf] Joyf 5 . p;n] a;f}{+;Dd k|x/Lsf] hflu/ vfFbf klg cfkm"nfO{ b'Mv lbg] ;fx'nfO{ s]xL ug{ g;s]sf] pN6} ul/a, lgd'vf / b'MvLnfO{ oftgf lbg' k/]sf] jf:tljstf cf]sn]sf] 5 . wgLdfgL ju{ / k|x/Lsf] ;fF7ufF7, 3'; / e|i6frf/ Pjd\ ToxL cfwf/df eO /x]sf cTofrf/ b]v]kl5 p;df pTkGg ePsf] ljt[i0ff, lg/fzf / s'07fnfO{ JoSt ug]{ of] syf ;fdGtL pTkL8gsf lj/f]wdf g} plePsf] 5 . …k5'tf]Ú syfdf k|wfg k~rsf] 5f]/f] wg]Gb|n] cfˆgf afa'sf zlStsf cf8df ckfª\u rDkf / pgsf ;fyLx¿k|lt u/]sf] ceb| / cGofoL Jojxf/ tyf wg]Gb|s} legfh'n] k|wfgfWofkssf] s';L{af6 ;fnfsf] kIfdf u/]sf] sf]N6] lg;fkmnfO{ pbfª\uf] kfl/Psf] 5 . o; syfn] pb\b08 wg]Gb| ;fOsn rnfpg] qmddf 6«s;Fu 7f]lSsP/ ckfª\u aGg k'u]sf] tyf cfkm"n] klxn] u/]sf] uNtLdf k5'tfpg' k/]sf] l:yltnfO{ cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 . k~rfotL ufpFn] ;fdGt / p;sf ;GtfgnfO{ tx nufpg]lt/ k|:t't syf pGd'v 5 .

#=# /fi6«k]|d

/fi6«k]|dL k|l>tn] cfˆgf] /fi6«k|lt b]zeSt nIdLafO{ pkGof;sf ;fy} ‘lgGb|fnfO{ kmsfpFbfÚ, ‘Pp6L c;n / /fd|L af]S;L rflxof]Ú tyf ‘g/ssL b]jLÚ syf–pksyfdf k|s6 u/]sf 5g\ . emfF;LsL /fgL nIdLafO{n] cfÇgf] dft[e"ldsf lglDt cfÇgf] /fhsLo ;'v;on / :jfy{ ;a}nfO{ ltnf~hnL lbOg\ . pgn] ef/tLo :jtGqtf ;ª\u|fdsf lglDt ;Dk"0f{ b]zeSt zlStnfO{ ;ª\ul7t / ;Ddflgt ug]{ sfd ul/g\ / b]zs} lglDt o'4 d}bfgdf k|f0f Toflug\ . pgsf cg]s ;xof]uLx¿ tyf l;kfxLx¿n] n8fOFsf qmddf ljleGg hf]lvdk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L k'/f u/] . n8fOF xfg{ nfu]sf] lg/fzfsf cj:yfdf klg /fgLn] ;a}df cfF6 / ;fx; eg{ pT;fxsf oL uLt ufOg\ M

k/fwLg eO{ Ho'Fb} g'lgnf] cfF;'sf l9sf

Ko'Fg'eGbf ld7f] x'G5 tftf] uf]nL stfstf

/fgLn] b]zeSt of]4fx¿n] jL/ult k|fKt ubf{ cleJoSt u/]sf egfOn] klg pgL /fi6«nfO{ x[bosf] slt ulx/fOb]lv dfof uly{g\ eGg] s'/f :ki6 x'G5 . pgn] cfÇgf ;}lgsx¿sf d[To'df cleJoSt u/]sf s]xL egfO o; k|sf/ 5g\ M

-s_ a/xfd'b\bLg Û ltdLn] s'g} uNtL u/]gf} . ltdL ;Rrf / Odfgbf/ b]zeSt /x]5f} . ltdL

clxn] b]zsf] lglDt jL/ult k|fKt ub}{ 5f}, ;lxb x'Fb} 5f} .

-v_ ltdL efUoefgL /}5f} df]tLafO{ Û sd;]sd emfF;Lsf] clGtd 6'qmf afFsL 5Fb} ltdL ;lxb x'g]

eof} .

rf]/ pkGof;sf] clGtd kª\lStdf klg b]zelStk"0f{ efjgfsf dxŒjk"0f{ pb\uf/ ag]/ o;/L k|s6 ePsf] 5– ‘d}n] p;sf cg'xf/sf] b[9tf b]v]/ c7f]6 u/]F– dft[e"ldn] cfÇgf xTs8L tf]8\g ;Gtfg hGdfpg yfln ;ls5g\ .Ú ‘lgb|fnfO{ kmsfpFbfÚ pksyfdf uª\ufnfn, ;"o{gfy ofbj, b'uf{, g]q, /Tgs'df/, Clif cfhfb cflbn] b]zs} lglDt k|f0f u'dfPsf] s'/f p7fOPsf] 5 eg] ‘Pp6f c;n / /fd|L af]S;L rflxof]Údf klg b]zsf] lxtsf s'/fx¿ ljz]if dxŒjsf ;fy rrf{ ul/Psf 5g\ . ‘g/ssL b]jLÚ sL d'Vo kfqf k|efn] of}g]R5fk"lt{sf lglDt cfkm"sxfF cfPsf] ;bfgGbnfO{ b]zelQmsf] kf7 k9fP/ p;sf] lbdfu kl/jt{tg ul/lbPsL 5g\ .

#=$ gf/Lsf] ;fx; / ;ª\3if{sf] lrq0f

gf/Lsf] zf}o{ ;ª\3if{, Tofu / pT;u{sf] eAo lrq0f cfVofgsf/ k|l>tn] u/]sf] kfOG5 . b]zeSt nIdLafO{sL gflosfn] afNosfndf g} pgsf lktfsf] ;ª\sf]rnfO{ gf3]/ cfÇgf cf>obftf afhL/fjsf cg'dltdf pgsf wd{ k'qåo gfgf ;fxa / /fj ;fxa tyf tfTof 6f]k];Fu} 3f]8f r9\g], t/jf/ rnfpg] / aGb'ssf] lg;fgf nufpg] h:tf sfddf ;a}nfO{ pl5g]sL 5g\ . pgn] /fhkf7sf] ;~rfngdf klg cfÇgf] a'l4 / ;fx;sf] kl/ro lbPsL 5g\ . pgsf ;]gfdf gf/Lx¿nfO{ klg dxŒjk"0f{ lhDd]jf/Lx¿ lbOPsf] lyof] . ;'Gb/, d'Gb/, sfzLafO{ cflbn] gf/L;]gfsf] ;ª\u7g xfFs]sf lyP eg] uf]kgLo ljZjf;sf sfddf df]tLafO{n] lhDd]jf/L kfPsL lyOg\ . oL gf/Lx¿sf cltl/Qm h'xL, /df aV; cflb cg]s gf/Lx¿sf] ;]gfdf ;+nUgtf b]v]/ cª\u]|hx¿ ltg 5Ss k/]sf lyP . oL ;a}n] n8fOF d}bfgdf g} cfÇgf] k|f0f ck{0f u/]sf lyP . nIdLafO{n] emfF;Lsf] ;Qf ;Dxfn] kl5 pgsf lj/f]wdf gf/Ln] ;Qf rnfpg ;Sb}gg\ eGb} cfkm"nfO{ /fHosf] pQ/flwsf/Lsf ¿kdf ‘dxf/fh >L ;bflzj gf/fo0fÚ 3f]if0ff u/L pTkft dRrfpg] ;bflzj /fjnfO{ s}bL agfP/ tyf ;fu/l;+x  h:tf] 8fFs'nfO{ gbL kf/ ub}{ / kxf8 r9\b} cfqmd0f u/L cfTd;dk{0f u/fP/ dfq xf]Og, clnaxfb'/sf O;f/fdf emfF;L dfly cfqmd0f ug{ xhf/f}F ;}lgs lnP/ cf]5f{af6 cfPsf] gTy] vfFnfO{ k/f:t u/]/ klg cfÇgf] ;fx;sf] kl/ro lbOg\ .

emfF;LnfO{ cfTd;dk{0f u/fpg rfxg] cª\u]|hx¿sf] dg;fodf t'iff/fkft u/fO{ n8fOFsf df]rf{df 5Ssf 5'6fpg] nIdLafO{n] cfkm}F /0fe"lddf 3'dL 3'dL lgb]{zg lbPsf] / pT;fx 5/]sf] clg tfTof 6f]k], /3'gfyl;+x, hafx/l;+x h:tf of]4f t s] cfÇg} klt uª\ufw/ /fj of afhL /fjsf pQ/flwsf/Lx¿ gfgf ;fxa / /fj ;fxanfO{ ;d]t tx nufpg] Ifdtf k|bz{g u/]sL 5g\ . pgn] c/fhs eP/ cª\u]|hx¿;Fu n8fOF ;'? gx'Fb} pgLx¿ tyf pgLx¿sf kl/jf/ dfly cfqmd0f ug]{ cfÇgf ;]gfx¿nfO{ lgoGq0f dfq ul/gg\, ;'/Iff / cf>osf lglDt bofsf] eLv dfUg cfPsf cª\u]|hx¿nfO{ uf; / af; k|bfg ug]{ pbf/tf klg b]vfOg\ . pgL gf/Lx¿nfO{ ljnf;sf ;fwg agfpg rfxg]x¿k|lt cfqmfds alGyg\ . To;}n] cfÇgf kltsf] gt{sx¿sf dfemdf /Dg] k|j[lQsf] pgn] ltvf] cfnf]rgf u/]sL lyOg\ eg] h'xLnfO{ grfpg af/Daf/ k|of; ug]{ /fj ;fxanfO{ uNtL l:jsfg{ ljjz t'NofPsL lyOg\ . pgn] emfF;Lsf cltl/Qm sfnkL / Ujflno/df klg ;'ema'emsf ;fy sfd ug]{ k|oTg ul/g\ . Ujflno/sf cª\u]|h k/:t /fhfnfO{ ;QfRo't kf/]/ /fj ;fxanfO{ l;+xf;g pknAw u/fOg\ t/ /fj ;fxa nufotsf ef/tLo /hf}6fx¿sf ljnf;L lqmofsnfknfO{ ;w}F 6fn6'n ug{ eg] ufx|f] k¥of] . Ujflno/df /fj ;fxan] cª\u]|hL cfqmd0fk|lt ;r]t /xgfsf] ;f6f] grgL, ufos / ef6x¿ a6'n]/ k|zl:t ;'Gg] clg ef]het]/df 8'Ag] ug{ yfn] kl5 /fgL cToGt lrlGtt / qm'4 eOg\, t/ l:ylt lalu|;s]sfn] pgsf] s]xL nfu]g . /fj ;fxan] cfÇgf] uNtL dx;'; ug]{ a]nf;Dd rt'/ cª\u]|hx¿n] 7'nf] tof/Lk"j{s cfqmd0f yfln;s]sfn] n8fOF xfl/of], tfklg clGtd a]nf;Dd jL/fª\ugf gf/Lsf] cg'kd pbfx/0f k|:t't ub}}{ nIdLafO{ / pgsf] ;}Go gflosfx¿ h'xL Pjd\ d'Gb/ klg /0fr08Lsf ¿kdf k|:t't x'Fb} ;xfbt j/0f ug{ k'u] . /fgLsf] cGTo]li6sf a]nf cf>obftf afafn] JoSt u/]sf efjn] g} s] 5n{ª\u kfb{5 eg] pgsf] ;ª\3if{sf] Oltxf; cToGt dxfg\ 5– ‘/fgL nIdLafO{sf] hLjg ef/tLo hg dfg;sf] slxNo} glgEg] cfnf]s x'g] 5 . o;n] xhf/f}F jif{;Dd d'lSt of]4fx¿df jL/tfsf] ch]o efjgf ;~rf/ ul//xg] 5 .Ú

rf]/ pkGof;sL ls:g]sL cfdfsf] ;ª\3if{ klg plQs} ;zSt / pbfx/0fLo 5 . pgn] sf]7f  leq y'g]/ anfTsf/ ug{ rfxg] l;l8cf]¿kL /fIf;sf] k|ltsf/ u/]/ cfkm"nfO{ anfTs[t x'gaf6 hf]ufpg cbDo cfF6sf] k|bz{g ul/g\ eg] k'ln; lx/f;tdf oftgfsf] r/d kL8f ef]Ubf klg oyfy{ s'/f eGgaf6 /lte/ 8udufOgg\ . pgsf] ;ª\3if{n] pgnfO{ b'vsf] ;fu/df 8'afP klg cGofoL l;l8cf] / k|x/L k|zf;gnfO{ ys{dfg kfl/lbPsf] 5 . pgsf ;ª\3if{do hLjgLsf k|]/0ffdf pgsf] 5f]/f] ls:g] cfkm"n] k|fKt u/]sf] dfG5]sf] h'gLnfO{ cTofrf/ lgld6\ofGg kfg]{ cleofgdf ;dlk{t ug{ ;ª\slNkt 5 . ‘Tof] ;fgf] dxfef/tÚ pksyfdf agf/;sf] l;GwL xf]6ndf dlxnf snfsf/sf] z/L/df xft xfNg] ;f]xL xf]6nsf] Jolerf/L sfdbf/ / p;sf dflnssf lj?4 n]vs ;lxtsf ;Dk"0f{ snfsf/x¿n] u/]sf] ;ª\3if{sf] aofg 5 . o;df kLl8t dlxnfsf ;fy} cGo dlxnf snfsf/x¿n] b]vfPsf] cfF6 cg's/0fLo / k]|/0ffhgs 5 . o;/L g} ‘Tof] dfG5]Ú syfdf a'9L cfdfn] cfÇgf] cf>odf /x]sf] c;n dfG5]nfO{ kqmg] k'ln;x¿;Fu u/]sf] k|ltjfb / cGodf km]l/ km]l/ To;/L kqmgaf6 hf]ufpg] c7f]6 gf/L ;ª\3if{sf dxŒjk"0f{ z[ª\vnf;Fu g} ;Da4 5g\ .

#=% k|x/L oftgf / h]nsf HofbtLsf] j0f{g

cfkm}Fn] af/Daf/ k|x/L lx/f;t / h]n hLjgsf] s7f]/ oftgfx¿ a]xf]/]sf] k|l>tn] dfG5]nfO{ s;/L cGofok"0f{ ¿kdf klqmOG5 / cg]s oftgfsf ;fy s]/sf/ ul/G5, s;/L ;flat ug]{ k|oTg ul/G5 / h]n k'¥ofpg] jf a]kQf kfg]{ sfd ul/G5 eGg] s'/fsf] hLjGt lrq0f cfÇgf cfVofgx¿df u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] b]zeSt nIdLafO{df cª\u]|hL / ef/tLo zf;sx¿n] qm"/tfk"j{s ef/tLo hgtfsf cfFvf kmf]8\g], lha|f] sf6\g] / Hofg} lng] sfd u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ eg] g]kfnL zf;sx¿n] u/]sf cfk/flws lqmofsnfkx¿nfO{ t emg\ ljleGg cfVofgx¿df pbfª\uf] kf/]sf 5g\ .

‘Tof] dfG5]Ú syfdf Ps gjhjfg o'jsnfO{ a'9L cfdfsf 3/af6 /fltdf hah{:tL kqmfp ul/Psf], kqmfpsf] sf/0f ;f]Wg] tL cfdfnfO{ ckzAb k|of]u ub}{ xsfl/Psf] / tL o'jsnfO{ kqmg] lalQs} xts8L nufP/ a]kQf kfl/Psf] s'/f plNnlvt 5 . o:tf 36gf k~rfotsfndf / clxn] klg xfd|f cfFvf cufl8 3l6/x]sf 5g\ / nv]s :jod\ klg o;sf e'Qmef]uL 5g\ . ‘d oxfF b; jif{b]lv v8f 5'Ú syfdf Ps hgf ljwjf dlxnfsf] 5f]/f] k/b]zdf ePsf] a]nf ;fx'n] af/L / afv|f, e}F;L xTofP/ gk'uL a's'/faf6 unxTofOFbf pgn] lj/f]w u/]sf] / o;af6 pgnfO{ yfgfdf nuL lkl6Psf] s'/f plNnlvt 5 . o;} syfn] pgsf] 5f]/f] k/b]zaf6 kms{]/ ;fx'sf] abnf lng k|x/L ;]jfdf egf{ ePsf] t/ ToxfF abnf lng ;lsg] s'g} ;Defjgf gePsf] a? pN6} ;fx'x¿sf ldn]dtf], rfs/L / 3';vf]/Ldf xflsdx¿n] lbPsf] cfb]zdf ul/ax¿nfO{ ;tfpg' kg]{ afWotfnfO{ cf}FNofOPsf] 5 . o;df k|x/Ln] od/fh aGg' kg]{ / kLl8tx¿sf h'Dn] xft, au]sf cfF;', /ut r'x]sf 3fp, ;'Dnf / lgn8fdn] el/Psf Hofgsf] jf:tf gu/L sf]/f{ yKb} hfg], skfn pv]Ng], gªdf lkg 3f]Rg], u'båf/df v';f{gL xfNg], pQfgf] em'G8fP/ k}tfnfdf ;f]7\ofpg], v';f{gLsf] w'jfF cfFvfdf nufOlbg], l;:gf]kfgLn] xfGg] tyf nf7L, kmnfdsf 8G8L / ;fOsnsf r]gn] lkl6g], a'6n] xfGg] / s'lNrg] ofjt\ oftgfsf ljlwaf/] v'n:t kfl/Psf] 5 . oL ;d:t ljlw k|of]u u/]/ ‘vÚ agfO{ h]ndf sf]lrg] s'/f p;n] b; jif{b]lv 6'n'6'n' x]b}{ cfPsf] 5 / hflu/af6 lj/Qm ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL k|x/L k|zf;gsf] jf:tljs ¿k / tNnf] txsf k|x/Lx¿sf] kL8fnfO{ o;df lgofNg ;lsG5 .

rf]/ pkGof;df k|x/L lx/f;t / h]n b'a}sf x[boljbf/s b[Zox¿ b]lvG5g\ . ls:g] / p;sL cfdfnfO{ l;l8cf]sf] ph'/Ldf lbOPsf] oftgfn] k'/f0fdf jl0f{t g/ssf] ¿k k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . ToxfF dlxnf, afns s;}sf] klg 5Øfg ljrf/ gul/g] / gu/]sf] ck/fw l:jsfg{ nufO{ cdfgjLo oftgf lbOg] s'/f k|:6 kfl/Psf] 5 . cbfntdf n}hfg' cl3sf] rsf]{ oftgf / To;}df ljif ;]jg u/fP/ a]xf]; agfpg] jf Hofg lng] ;/sf/L s's[Tosf] klg o;df eG8fkmf]/ ul/Psf] 5 . cbfntdf ;/sf/L dg;fo cg'¿k cleo'Qmn] aofg gu/] p;nfO{ k'ln; sxfF k'gM k7fP/ yk oftgf lbOg] jf a]kQf kfl/g] s'/f klg oxfF p7fOPsf] 5 .

h]ndf k'u]sf] JolStk|lt ul/g] b'Jo{jxf/af/] klg oxfF k|sfz kfl/Psf] 5 . Psfw bofjfg\ l;kfxL eP klg w]/}sf] Jojxf/ lgDg txsf] x'g] / rf}sLbf/, efO rf}sLbf/, d"n gfOs]sf zf]if0f Pjd\ cTofrf/ ;xg aGbLx¿ ljjz x'g] s'/f pkGof;sf/n] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . ToxfF leq emg\ x's'dL zf;g rNg], pgLx¿sf O;f/fdf ;f; km]g{ afWo x'g'kg]{ / pgLx¿sf nf}/fsf 6'Kkfdf ggfRg]nfO{ kfgLdf rf]aNg], l;;fn] ;f]xf]g{, 808fn] es'g{, g]nxTs8L 7f]Sg / uf]n3/ hfSg pgLx¿ :jtGq /xg] jf:tljstfaf/] rrf{ ub}{ h]nsf s}bLx¿df ‘km'6 kf/ / zf;g u/Úsf] gLlt klg nfu' /x]sf] s'/f pgn] hgfPsf 5g\ . olt dfq geO{ lbgsf] la;–lt; k};f dfq Hofnf kfpg] aGbLx¿ dfly cGo k|sf/sf zf]if0fx¿ klg x'g] u/]sf] tYo ToxfF k|s6 ePsf] 5 .

‘lunf; efph"Ú syfn] cfkm" h]ndf k/]sf] a]nf klt;Fu a:g] Ps gf/Lsf] 5f8f Jojxf/sf] aofg u/]sf] 5 / p;n] h]nsf ljleGg aGbLx¿;Fu of}g;Dks{ ug]{ 5'6 kfPsf] s'/f ;ª\s]t u/]sf] 5 eg] ‘lgd{nfÚ syfdf lgd{nfsf] cfdfn] la; jif{sf lglDt h]n k/]sf] cfÇgf] klt;Fu ;w}F t s] e]6\g cfPsf a]nf ;Fu} a:g] ;'ljwf;Dd gkfPsf] s'/f hgfPsf] 5 . h]n k|zf;gn] lng] bf]xf]/f] gLlt / dgk/L tGqaf/] oL syfn] hfgsf/L lbG5g\ . h]nsf ljleGg aGbLx¿sf hLjg / Jojxf/af/] klg k|l>tsf cfVofgx¿n] s}og\ s'/fx¿ k|sfz kf/]sf 5g\, h;af6 k|zf;lgs HofbtLsf cGo ¿kx¿nfO{ klg b]Vg ;lsG5 .

wd{sf gfpFdf x'g] cgfrf/ / zf]if0fk|lt k|l>tsf cfVofgn] nfn cfFvf nufPsf 5g\ . rf]/ pkGof;df 5f]/Lsf] nf; af]s]/ emf]qmfO/x]sL ls:g]sL cfdf / ls:g]k|lt rGbg] k'hf/Ln] u/]sf] b'Jo{jxf/n] wfld{s 9f]Fusf] d's'G8f] ptfl/lbPsf] 5 . rGbg]n] a:g] af; gkfP/ dlGb/sf] cf>o lnO/x]sf cgfy dlxnf / afnaflnsfsf cfF;' k'5\g' t stf xf] stf, ef]s ef]s} /f]ufP/ tyf af;sf cefjdf 3fdkfgLn] ;f]xf]l/P/ wtL{ Tofu]sL slnnL k'qLnfO{ ;]nfpg] ljifodf zf]sljx\jn ag]sL cfdf / pgsf] 5f]/fnfO{ b'O{ e';lt3|] nufO{ x'Tofpg] / cfFugdf k5fg]{ b'isd{ u¥of] . cfdf Psflt/ / pgn] af]s]sf] nf; csf{lt/ n8] eg] 5f]/f] l;F9Ldf 3f]lK6of] . k'ln;sf] u7aGwg klg o:t} kfv08Lx¿;Fu /x]sf] s'/f pkGof;sf/n] l;4 u/]sf 5g\ / rGbg]sf af]nfx6df cfPsf b'O{ u'G8fn] s'6\b}, lk6\b} / n3fb}{ ltgnfO{ ;x/ aflx/ k'¥ofPsf 5g\ .

‘/fd dlGb/sf] e]6LÚ pksyfdf k|l>tn] wd{sf gfpFdf x'g] zf]if0fsf] gd'gf k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . cof]Wofsf dlGb/df k|lt JolSt 5 cfgf lnP/ d"lt{ x]g{ lbg] jfrf u/]sf] k'hf/Ln] n]vs ;lxt pgsf 5f]/f ljho / alxgL zfGtf ltg hgfaf6 c7f/ cfgfsf] ;f6f] Ps dlxgfsf] eujfg\sf] ef]usf] lglDt eg]/ t]lQ; ?lkofF krxQ/ k};f dfu]sf]df pgn] nf]Kkf VjfO{ Ps k};f klg glbPsf] s'/f ToxfF jl0f{t   5 . ‘3f]/ slno'us] eoª\s/ kfkLÚsf] ;+1f lbFb} dfu]sf] k};f glbP g/nf]sdf od/fhn] lx;fa lstfa ug]{ wDsL ;fy} s]xL kl5 clt sd lbP klg x'g] k|:tfj k'hf/L / p;sf d08nLsf ;b:ox¿af6 cfP klg k'/} a]jf:tf u/L af6f] nfu]]sf] s'/f n]vsn] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . lxGb"x¿sf] wfld{s cf:yfsf] s]Gb| dflgg] cof]Wofsf k'hf/Lsf] ufO{hfq] tfnn] cWofTdjfbsf lxdfotLx¿nfO{ 6fpsf] lgx'¥ofpg] cj:yfdf k'¥ofpF5 eg] ef}ltsjfbLx¿sf] cWofTdjfb k|ltsf] b[li6sf]0fnfO{ cem k|an agfpg dbt u5{ .

b]zeSt nIdLafO{df klg wfld{s cGwljZjf; / ¿l9a'9Lsf b'ikl/0ffdaf/] 7fpF 7fpFdf rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . cjtf/jfbL l;4fGtn] ef/tsf /fhf–afbzfxb]lv ufpFsf d'lvof, lhd'afn / k'/f]lxt ;anfO{ O{Zj/sf b"t agfPsf] / cå}tjfb, a|x\djfb, clx+;fjfb, tGqdGq, 6'gfd'gf, nfdf, emfFqmL af]S;L cflbsf lrGtgn] hgtfsf] lbdfunfO{ uf]a/ agfPsf] Joª\UofTds cleJolSt ToxfF kfOG5 . hgtfn] k9fOsf gfddf yf]qf k'/f0fx¿sf] uGygsf kf]u]kGyL s'/fx¿ dfq k9\g] cj;/ kfPsf] s'/f klg ToxfF plNnlvt 5 . afhL/fjn] cfÇgf] /fHo l5lgg' cl3 s}of}F Hof]ltifLx¿n] /fhof]u k/]sf] s'08nL 5 eGb} ljzfn /fHosf] /fhf x'g] eljiojf0fL u/]sf 5g\ . o;/L g} ljtf{df ylGsg' k/]sf] dfld{s l6Kk0fL u/]sf 5g\ . o;/L g} nIdLafO{sf lktf df]/f]kGtn] klg s/f]8f}F ef/tLox¿sf] hGds'08nL x]g]{ xf] eg] s;} sxfF z'e}z'e n]v]sf] klg x'g ;Sg] t/ ;a}n] Ps} ;fy k/fwLgtfsf] ;fª\nf]df h]lng' kg]{ lj8Dagf cfO nfu]sf]df /flzkmnk|lt k|ZgfTds b[li6 nufPsf 5g\ . :jod\ emfF;Lsf kl08thL bLlIftn] Hof]ltifLx¿n] ‘k'qf] g k'qLÚsf] rfnafhL /r]/ ule{0fL cfOdfO{sf lh1f;fnfO{ b'j}lt/ ldNg] u/L ;'N6\ofpg] u/]sf] /x:o klg o; pkGof;df vf]lnlbPsf 5g\ . o;sf ;fy} emfF;Lsf /fhf uª\Uff3/ /fjnfO{ arfpg ul/Psf k"hfkf7, efsn, cv08bLk, wfdLemfFqmL, w'kWjfF/, cfvt, k/]jf cflb klg cy{xLg ag]sf] rrf{ ToxL leq  5 .

#=& hft hftlar ;b\efjsf] kIf kf]if0f

k|l>t cfkm}F 5'jf5't lj/f]wL cfGbf]ngdf ;+nUg /x]sf x'gfn] hftLo ;b\efjnfO{ pgn] cfÇgf cfVofgx¿df dxŒjsf ;fy x]/]sf 5g\ . pgsf] ‘lgd{nfÚ syfdf o;sf] xflb{s kIfnfO{ cg'e"t ug{ ;lsG5 . ‘lgd{nfÚ syfsL lgd{nf ljZjsdf{sL 5f]/L x'g\ / cfÇgL cfdfn] la; jif{sf lglDt h]n k/]sf lktfnfO{ e]6\g cfpg] qmddf pgnfO{ cfkm";Fu Nofpg] u/]sL 5g\ . pgnfO{ h]nsf 9f]sf leq k|j]z v'nf ul/Psf] 5 / ;a}sf] :g]xdf pgn] a's'{;L dfl//x]sf] ;'Gb/ b[Zo ToxfF b]lvG5 . tNnf] hftn] 5f]P ksfPsf] vfg] kIfdf g/x]sf] / em]nvfg kl/of] eg]/ k'Vof}{nL hft / wd{ 5f]8\g t grfx]sf] uj{ ug]{ clg k"hfkf7df lnKt /xg] / cfkm"n] ksfPsf] dfq} vfg] /fdgfy pkfWofo ;d]t lgd{nfsf] rn'a'n] :jefj / afn;'ne 5'g'd'g'af6 cfÇgf] hftLo cf8Da/sf] cxd\nfO{ 89fpg k'u]sf 5g\ . ljZjsdf{sL 5f]/L eGg] yfxf gkfP/ To; ;'Gb/ dfgj l;h{gfnfO{ k"hfkf7df ;Fu} a;fNg], b]jL 7fg]/ pgnfO{ l6sf / km"nn] k"hf ug]{ blIf0ff r9fP/ ;Fu} efG;fdf nuL xftn] eft v'jfpg] / k|;fb 7fg]/ >4fsf ;fy p;sf] h'7f] vfg] sfd tL kl08tn] u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] lgd{nf ljZjsdf{sL 5f]/L ePsf] s'/f n]vsaf6 s]xL ;do kl5 rfn kfP klg cfÇgf] dgsf] hftkftx¿ of] e|d ;lNs/x]sf] / To;n] gfdlg;fgf g/xg] u/L e:dv/fgL ePsf] x]g]{ OR5f JoSt u/] . To;n] cfVofgsf/sf] hftLo ;b\efj Pjd\ ;dfgtfsf] efjgfdf d':sfg 5/]sf] b]lvG5 . oxL syfdf pgn] cfÇgf] efG;fdf u'?ª, cfo{ / ljZjsdf{ ;lxt cfkm"n] ;Fu} vfg] u/]sf] s'/f lgw{Ss;Fu JoSt u/]sf 5g\ / h]n leq ljsl;t x'g] hft–eft, 5't–c5't, 7'nf]–;fgf], b]zL–ljb]zLsf] e]befj lagfsf] ;femf rfnrng / /Lltl/jfhnfO{ Pp6f ;'Gb/ dfgjtfjfbL Pjd\ d"Nojfg\ ;f+:s[lts pknlAwsf ¿kdf cfTd;ft\ u/]sf 5g\ .

b]zeSt nIdLafO{df klg hftkftsf] kvf{nn] k'¥ofPsf] gf]S;fgLk|lt pgsf] cfVofgsf] ;r]t b[li6 k'u]sf] 5 . ToxfF hftkft, 5'jf5't / pFrgLrsf] e]befjn] Ps–csf{k|lt 3[0ff km}lngfn] ;dfh ljiffSt ag]sf] s'/f plNnlvt 5 . k|l>tn] ef/tLo ;]gfdf hftkftsf s'/fnfO{ lnP/ Pshgf afx'g / d]xt/ lar ePsf] ljjfbnfO{ k|:t't ub}{ afx'gjfbL ljrf/nfO{ o;/L 5f;]sf 5g\ M

æbof cem} hftkftsf] wfs cfPsf 5g\ ufO{ / ;F'u'/sf] af];f] nfu]sf uf]nL . oL ;a bfFtn] vf]Ng' kg]{ 5 . To; a]nf x]/f}Fnf lg gfgLsf] kfgL . 5;/] wfufdf em'lG8Psf] hft To; kl5 klg h'd|fl;t em'lG8O/fV5 ls v;]/ hfG5 . x'F hdfgf sxfF k'Uof] dfG5] hxfFsf] t}F 5 .Æ

jf:tjdf oxL s'/fn] ef/tLo lxGb"–d';ndfg ;a} l;kfxLx¿df ljb|f]xsf] cfuf] ;NsfOlbPsf] lyof] / ;f] l;kfxL–cfGbf]ng bafpg cª\u|]hx¿n] w]/} d"No r'sfpg' k/]sf] lyof] eg] o; c/fhs / cfsl:ds ljb|f]xn] ef/tLo cfGbf]ngnfO{ klg c;/ k'¥ofPsf] lyof] . h] xf];\ hftLo e]befjsf] b'ikl/0ffdn] Oltxf;df cfuf] ;Nsfpg] u/]sf] tYosf] Ps pbfx/0f oxfF klg ;dflji6 5 .

pkGof;sf/n] /fgL nIdLafO{sf] ;]gfdf ;a} hft c6fPsf] b]Vtf klg k|l>tsf] x[bo xfF;]sf] 5 / pgn] lxGb", d';ndfg, k7fg, l;v cflb ;dfj]z ePsf] To; ;]gfsf] d'Sts07n] k|z+;f u/]sf 5g\ .

#=* lgDg ju{sf] Pstf / k/:k/ k|]d

lgDg ju{sf] Pstf / k/:k/ k|]dsf /x/ nfUbf k|;ª\ux¿n] k|l>tsf cfVofgnfO{ ;fy{s t'NofPsf 5g\ . ‘afv|fsf] afv|f ;ª e]8fsf] e]8f ;ªÚ h:tf pgsf] cfVofgdf k|o'St pvfgn] klg oxL ;ª\s]t ub{5 . rf]/ pkGof;sf ljBfyL{–dfdfx¿n] ls:g] / p;sL cfdfnfO{ u/]sf dfof juL{o k|]dsf] pTs[i6 pbfx/0f ag]sf] 5 . pgLx¿n] sfdsf] Hofnf lbg'sf ;fy} efG;fdf kfs]sf] ld7f] vfgf v'jfpg] / lthsf lglDt ls:g]sL cfdfnfO{ n'uf lslglbg] sfd ;d]t u/]sf 5g\, ha ls l;l8cf]n] cfÇgf ju{sf pRr :t/sf sd{rf/L / n'6fxf Jofkf/Lx¿nfO{ v'jfpg cg]s kl/sf/x¿ ksfpg nufP/ klg rfVg;Dd s]xL lbFb}gYof] / y's lgn]/ pgLx¿ a:y] . kf]v/fsL gfgL / pgsf ;fyLx¿n] ls:g]sL cfdfnfO{ k|x/Ln] d/0ff;Gg cj:yfdf ;8sdf 5f8]sf] a]nf ;xof]u ugf{sf ;fy} sf7df8f}F k7fP/ cfTdLo ddtf k|s6 u/]sf 5g\ . ls:g]sL cfdfnfO{ c:ktfn k'¥ofpg l/S;fjfn bfOn] u/]sf] dbt klg auL{o ;b\efjsf] /fd|f] pbfx/0f xf] eg] ls:g]sL cfdfnfO{ k|x/L–lx/f;tdf a'9f] k|x/Ln] vfgf v'jfpg b]vfPsf] tTk/tfsf] cfwf/ klg ju{k|]d g} xf] . ‘Tof] dfG5]Údf a'9L cfdfn] kqmfp k/]sf] o'js / p;sf c;n efjgfsf] af/Daf/ ;Demgf ub}{ km]l/ km]l/ To; lsl;dsf JolStnfO{ kqmfp x'gaf6 hf]ufpg] ljrf/ JoSt u/]sL 5g\ . b]zeSt nIdLafO{df df]tLafO{n] v'bfaV;k|lt b]vfPsf] xflb{s dfof / /fhfaf6 To; afkt kfPsf] ;hfodf dfq xf]Og, pgLx¿sf] kIfdf cfjfh p7fP afkt\ lha|f] sfl6Psf] ;'Gg ;lsG5. v'bfaV;nfO{ gf6s x]g{ k|j]zåf/ vf]Ng] / To; lglDt kmfF;L tVtfdf r9\g] l;kfxLx¿sf] efjgfdf klg ju{aGw'Tjs} dfofk|]d cg'e"t ug{ ;lsG5 . ‘d oxfF b; jif{b]lv v8f 5'Úsf] k|x/Ln] ul/ax¿n] k|x/L lx/f;tdf kfpg] ;f:tL / pRr ju{sf JolSt k|lt ul/g] cfb/ ;Ddfgsf] aofg u/]/ cfÇgf] ju{sf] dd{ kf]v]sf] 5 . ‘8fFsfx¿sf] 8fOgfdfO6Údf Hofg hf]lvddf /fv]/ ls;fgx¿sf] ;'/Iffsf lglDt ul/Psf] ;fxl;s sfo{ xf];\ jf ‘Tof] ;fgf] dxfef/t’df snfsf/x¿ ldn]/ ul/Psf] ;ª\3if{ xf];\ b'j}df juL{o k|]dsf] efjgf cf]tk|f]t /x]sf] b]lvG5 . logsf cltl/St ‘lgd{nfÚ, ‘k5'tf]Ú, ‘Pp6f /fd|L / c;n af]S;L rflxof]Ú cflbdf klg ju{k|]dsf efjx¿ kf]lvPsf 5g\ . o;/L g} dflyNnf] ju{sf ;fx', xflsd, k'hf/L cflbsf ;fF7ufF7 / ltgsf s'sd{k|lt 3[0ff pdfg]{ / ltgsf lj?4 lgDg ju{sf hgtfnfO{ k/:k/ glhs t'NofO{ ;b\efj, k|]d / ldqtf a9fpg] sfddf klg k|l>tsf cfVofgx¿ ;kmn 5g\ .

#=( ljljw

k|l>tsf syf / pksyfx¿df cGo ljljw k|;ª\u 5g\ . g]kfnLx¿ sfdsf vf]hLdf adf{ k'u]/ cª\u|]hL ;]gfdf etL{ eO{ o'4 aGbLsf ¿kdf hfkfg k'u]sf] clg ToxfFaf6 d'St x'Fbf klg ljleGg sf/0fn] cnkq kg'{ k/]sf] s'/f ‘:ju{sf lkt[Údf pNn]v 5 . g]kfnsf] 3/df d[t 3f]if0ff eO;s]sf] / adf{sf] 3/df hfg ToxfFsf] ;/sf/n] /f]s nufPsf] cj:yfdf k]G8'nd ag]sf wgaxfb'/sf] syfdf g]kfnL hLjgsf] dfld{s kL8f n's]sf] 5 . ‘emu8fsf] lapÚdf afnaflnsf w'/ p7]/ cfdfafa'n] emu8f u/] klg pgLx¿ t'?Gt} ldn]/ v]Ng yfn]sf] /dfOnf] k|;ª\usf] rrf{ 5 eg] 8fS6/ aL=8L= ld>sf] gf6sn] sDo'lg:6sf] d's'G8f] nufP/ cgu{n k|rf/sf cfwf/df 7uL ug]{ k|j[lQsf] cgfj/0f u/]sf] 5 . ‘Tof] hª\unsf] dWo/ftÚn] agf/;L 7ux¿n] em'SsfP/ cf}iflw–;]jg u/fO{ n'6\g] b[li6n] /fhftfnfj gfdsf] hª\undf k'¥ofPsf n]vssf] b'b{zfsf] a]lnla:tf/ nfPsf] 5 eg] ‘g]tfhLsf] lax]Ún] cfkm"nfO{ 7'nf] dfG5] 7fgL Ps hgf d}ofFn] n'lDagL–;Gb]zdf ‘8fFkm] lxdfnLÚ gfddf k|]dkq n]v]sf] e|ddf asDkm';] s'/f u/]  kl5 ;f]xL klqsfsf Ps hgf JolStn] p;nfO{ pNn" agfPsf] aofg 5 . lardf a;]/ tL kqsf/n] p;af6 d}ofFsf gfddf k|]dkq n]vfpg] / cfkm"n] hjfkm lbg] u/L b;}Fsf] cj;/df ljjfx x'g] ;fOt h'/fO{ g]tfhLnfO{ d}ofFsf 3/df lbg el/ s'/fPsf 5g\ / cGtdf d}ofFsf kl/jf/af6 wf]qm]7\ofs nufpg k7fO{ a]OHht u/fpg ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . ‘Tof] gfgLÚdf n]vs;Fu afNosfndf ljjfx ul/g] lgwf] ePsL Ps dlxnfsf] cGoq g} ljjfx ePsf] / kl5 n]vsn] dbg–k'/:sf/ kfO{ ;Ddflgt ePsf] Ps ;df/f]xdf pgn] k|l>tsf] 9'ª\u] dgÚdf n]vsk|lt cfslif{t Ps o'jtLsf] pkGof; k9]/ l6Kk0fL n]Vg' clusf] / To; kl5sf] pgsf] Jojxf/df cfPsf] cGt/ tyf cfkm"k|ltsf] ljdf]xnfO{ emNsfOPsf] 5 . ‘;fnL legfsf] em8k’df n]vsn] cfÇgf] kl/ro glbO{ ;fgLdf ;f;" sxfF k'u]/ ;fnL;Fu af; dfUbf ;fnLaf6 kfPsf] 7Ss/ / cfkm"nfO{ lrlg;s] kl5 pgn] u/]sf] nHhfaf]wnfO{ ljifo j:t'ut ;Gbe{ agfPsf] 5 . n]vssf] xf:o Joª\UofTds ;flxTok|ltsf] cle?lr ;d]tnfO{ Bf]tg ug]{ oL /rgfx¿ dWo] sltkon] n]vssf] d"n k|j[lQeGbf aflx/sf ;Gbe{ / ljifonfO{ cFufn]sf] l6Kk0fL ug'{ ck|f;ª\lus 7xb}{g .

$= jftfj/0f

k|l>tsf cfVofgdf g]kfn / ef/tsf] e"uf]nnfO{ :yfgut jftfj/0f lnOPsf] 5 . To;}n] pgsf cfVofgfTds s[ltx¿ k9\bf slxn] kf7s g]kfnsf ufpF3/ / ;x/sf] ofqf u5{ eg] slxn] rflxF ef/tsf ljleGg ;x/x¿ / 7fpFx¿sf] ljr/0f ug{ k'Ub5 . g]kfnsf ag]kf, eStk'/ / sf7df8f}Fsf v]taf/L, rf}tf/f, dlGb/, xf]6n, ;8s, c:ktfn cflbsf ljleGg b[Zox¿ ToxfF leq cª\lst 5g\ . o;/L g} kf]v/f, ag]kf, a'6jn, slknj:t', e}/xjf, kfNkf, u'NdL, cflbsf ahf/ / ufpF 3/lt/ klg k|l>tsf cfVoftgn] k'¥ofpF5g\ . o; qmddf kf7zfnf / b;}F3/, k|]; / k|bz{gL:yn, / a:tL, lrof k;n / lghL 3/ tyf k|x/L rf}sL, k|s[ltsf] aofg, dfG5]sf k/:k/sf lvrftfgL / åGå, x[bo leqsf ;]jf / cfTy', cfF6 / c7f]6 Pjd\ xfF;f] / cfF;'nfO{ cfÇgf cfVofgx¿df pGg] sfd u/]sf 5g\ . pgsf cfVofgx¿df e}/xjf / sf7df8f}Fsf h]n tyf ToxfF leqsf] aGb jftfj/0fsf] oyfy{ lrq0f klg ul/Psf] 5 . k|x/L lzlj/sf oftgf sIf, h]nsf sf]7frf]6f, efG;f / cfFug, tL ;a}nfO{ 5]Sg] kvf{n clg ;'/Iff ;+oGq cflbsf] lg/LIf0f klg oL cfVofgx¿ leq ug{ ;lsG5 . vf; u/]/ k~rfotsfnLg g]kfnsf] ps';d's';n] k"0f{ jftfj/0fnfO{ k|l>tsf] cfw'lgs cfVofgn] alnof];Fu kqm]sf] 5 . pgn] agf/;, cof]Wof, cf;fd, bflh{lnª, v/;fª / d]3fno dfq geO{ cem k/ adf{ / hfkfg;Dd klg b[li6 tGsfP/ cfÇgf cfVofgx¿sf] /rgf u/]sf 5g\ . pgsf pkGof;x¿ k9\bf slxn] /]ndf ef}Ftfl//x]sf ofqLx¿ e]l6G5g\, slxn] hfu/0f cleofgdf s'lb/x]sf snfsf/x¿;Fu aft dfg{{ kfOG5 / slxn] bz{gfyL{x¿nfO{ 7lu/x]sf k'hf/Lx¿sf] km]nf kl/G5 . olt dfq geO{ agf/;sf] bfndG8Lsf] j]Zofj[lQ / ToxLFsf 7ux¿sf uf]/vwGbf klg ToxfF e]l6G5g\ . 3/fo;L ;d:ofn] sfG5f, axfb'/ / nfx'/] aGb} ef/tsf ljleGg 7fpFdf ?dlng] / bf];|f] ljZjo'4sf] cª\u|]hL l;kfxL ag]/ s;nf sf6\g] g]kfnLx¿ klg ToxfF kfOG5g\ .

k|l>tsf] cfVofgn] k|frLg ef/tsf] O=;+= !*%&–%*sf] kl/j]znfO{ klg pQf/]sf] 5 . cª\u|]hx¿;Fu nl8Psf emfF;L, sfnkL / Ujflno/sf o'4sf ljleGg emfFsLx¿ ToxfF k|:t't 5g\ . ToxfF ef/tLo /hf}6fx¿sf b/af/, ToxfF leqsf] gfrufg Pjd\ ef]uljnf;sf] jftfj/0f Psflt/ b]lvG5 eg] csf{lt/ pgLx¿s} ljjfxk|yf, ;}lgs k|lzIf0f lzlj/ cflbnfO{ klg x]g{ ;lsG5 . o'4 ;/bf/sf ¿kdf cª\u|]hx¿n] u/]sf] cfqmd0f, To; lj?4 ul/Psf] tof/L, df]rf{aGbL / k|Tofqmd0f Pjd\ o'4sf] kmn:j¿k ePsf sf6df/, n'6kf6 / efubf}8sf cg]s sxfnL nfUbf b[Zox¿ ToxfF b]lvG5g\ . emfF;LsL /fgL nIdLafO{n] slxn] 8fFsfx¿nfO{ nv]l6/x]sL, slxn] lsNnfdf 86]/ lgb]{zg lbO/x]sL tyf slxn] lk7\o'Fdf aRrf af]s]/ t/af/ rnfO/x]sL k|frLg ef/tnfO{ ToxLF b]lvG5 eg] ToxL gt{sLx¿sf gfrdf dUg uª\ufw/, gt{s, ufos / ef6x¿sf] cfTdk|z+;f ;'Gg x'?Ss ePsf /fj ;fxa tyf ;fo/L n]Vb} / ;'Gb} lg/fzfsf lbg sfl6/x]sf lbNnLsf afbzfx klg e]l6G5. Hof]ltifL, afaf cflbsf] cl:tTj af]s]sf] k|frLg ef/t klg ToxLF b]lvG5 .

%= ljljwtfdo rl/qx¿

dlxnf / k'?if b'j} rl/qx¿ k|l>tsf cfVofgdf 5g\ . ls:g]sL cfdf / alxgL kf]v/fsf gfgLx¿ emfF;LsL /fgL nIdLafO{ / pgsf ;]gfdf sfo{/t d'Gb/, ;'Gb/, sfzLafO{, df]tLafO{, h'xL / /dfaV;, o'jsnfO{ cf>d lbg] a'9L cfdf, lgd{nf / cfdf g/ssL b]jL ag]sL k|ef, n]vssf ;fnL / ;fgLdf ;f;", d}ofF ;fx]a, n]vsk|lt cfl>t o'jtL, lunfF; efph", dlxnf snfsf/x¿, k|wfgk~rsf] 5f]/Låf/f ;tfOPsL rDkf / pgsf ;fyL ph]nL Pjd\ pdf, v]Nbf ;fyLx¿;Fu emu8f ug]{ h'gf / pgsf] cfdf ;fx'sf] ph'/Ldf k|x/Låf/f lkl6PsL cfdf cflb aflnsf, o'jtL / j[4f dlxnfx¿sf] oxfF pkl:ylt 5 . o;/L g} k'?ifx¿df s]xL :jb]zL / s]xL ljb]zL kfqx¿ oxfF kfOG5g\ . :jb]zL kfqx¿df n]vs cfkmF}, ls:g], ls:g]sf] afa', kb\d ;fx', l;l8of], rGbg], sf7df8f}Fdf xf]6njfnf ;fx'x¿, l8P;kL / cGo k|x/Lx¿, ljBfyL{x¿, l/S;fjfnx¿, h]nsf aGbLx¿, d's'Gb, n'lDagL–;Gb]zsf] kqsf/, slknj:t'sf ls;fgx¿ / 8fFsfx¿, 8fS6/ aL=8L= ld>, /fhg}lts sfd ug]{ o'js ;fx'sf] abnf lng hflu/ vfPsf] k|x/L, lgd{nfsf] aGbL afa', :ju{sf lkt[ ag]sf wgaxfb'/ / pgsf HjfOF, v]Nbf emu8f ug]{ Zofd', lzj] / Zofd'sf afa', k|wfgk~rsf] 5f]/f] wg]Gb| / p;sf legfh' k|wfgfWofks, j]Zofj[lQdf nLg /x]sf] ;bfgGb cflb /x]sf 5g\ . ljb]zL kfqx¿df a]nfotL gful/sx¿ 8nxf}hL, s}lgª, dfnsd 8gnk, /f]h, uf8{g, Pln;, dfl6{g, l:dy cflb / ef/tLox¿ afhL /fj gfgf;fxa, /fj ;fxa, df]/f]kGt, uª\ufw/ /fj, tfTof 6f]k], /3'gfy l;+x, hjfx/ l;+x, efp aV;L, v'bfaS;, b'Nxfh", cnLaxfb'/, kL/ cnL, 8fFs' ;fu/l;+x, gTy]vfF, ;bflzj /fj cflb b]zeSt nIdLafO{{;Fu ;DalGwt / cGox¿df agf/;sf] l;GwL xf]6nsf] dflns / p;sf sfdbf/x¿ a'9f] 7u / p;sf ;xof]uLx¿ logdf klg afns o'js / j[4 u/L ltg j6} pd]/ ;d"xsf 5g\ . cWof]Wofsf k'hf/Lx¿ cflb kb{5g\ . pko'{Qm kfqx¿ dWo] s]xL ;t\ kfqx¿ / s]xL c;t\ kfqsf ¿kdf o; cl3 g} jl0f{t 5g\ . ;t\ / c;t\ kfqx¿sf  larsf] åGå Pjd\ ;ª\3if{ k|l>tsf ljleGg cfVofgx¿df kfOG5 . oL kfqx¿ dWo] w]/}h;f] b[9 / ckl/jt{gzLn cyf{t\ r]K6f k|s[ltsf 5g\ eg] s]xL kl/jt{gzLn cyf{t\ uf]nfsf/ x'g] k|s[ltsf  5g\ . nIdLafO{sf k|oTgdf pgsf klt uª\Uffw/ /fj, gt{sLx¿, 8fFs' ;fu/l;+x / :jod\ /fj ;fxadf klg s]xL kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 . b'Nxfh"n] kL/ cnLsf dtf]df nfu]/ cfÇgf] b]zelSt u'dfO{ cª\u]|hx¿nfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . g/ssL b]jL ag]sL k|efj kl/jt{g rfxG5] / p;sf] ;Nnfx kl5 ;bfgGb h:tf] Jolerf/L JolSt klg ablng'df tL b'a} kl/jt{gzLn rfl/lqs ljz]iftf b]lvG5 eg] n]vsk|lt cf;St Ps o'jtLn] klg jf:tljstf a'em] kl5 cfkm"nfO{ k'/} csf]{ lbzflt/ df]8]sL 5g\ . o;/L g} ;fx'sf] abnf lng k|x/L ag]sf] JolStsf] ljrf/ klg kl/jt{gsf cg]s 5fnx¿ pln{/x]sf b]lvG5g\ .

ljZjsdf{sL 5f]/L lgd{nfsf] h'7f] yfx} gkfO{ vfPsf] rfn kfP kl5 s§/ a|fx\d0f /fdgfy pkfWofosf] hfltjfbL wf/0ff k'/} kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 eg] agf/;sf] l;GwL xf]6nsf] dflns bgs e]6] kl5 kZrftfksf] e'd/Ldf 89]sf] 5 . ‘k5'tf]Úsf] wg]Gb| / :ju{sf lkt[ wgaxfb'/ klg kl/jt{gzLn kfqsf ¿kdf b]vf k/]sf 5g\ . cGo kfqx¿df eg] ls:g]sf cfdf5f]/f / ljBfyL{ cfdfx¿ cfÇgf s'/f b[9 5g\ eg] ;fx', rGbg] k'hf/L, l;l8cf] Pjd\ k'ln;x¿sf] cGofoL lqmofsnfkdf s'g} km]/abn / kZrfQfk cfPsf] b]lvFb}g . ptflt/ emfF;LsL /fgL / pgsf k|lta4 n8fs'x¿sf] n8fOFdf k|f0f Tofu u/], t/ ljrf/ abn]gg\ eg] cª\u]|hx¿ klg cljrlnt ¿kdf o'4df nflu/x] . lunf; efph", 8fFsfx¿, cof]Wosf k'hf/Lx¿ 7ux¿ cflbdf eg] s'g} kl/jt{g b]lvFb}g .

k|l>tsf cfVofgsf kfqx¿ sfNklgs geP/ o;} w/ftnaf6 lnOPsf 5g\ . tL dWo] sltko Oltxf;df hLljt 5g\ eg] sltko;Fu clxn] klg e]6 x'g ;S5 . pgn] kfqx¿nfO{ hxfF;'s}af6 l6k]sf] eP klg ltgsf k|j[lQx¿ ;dfhdf 5\ofk5\ofKtL ljBdfg 5g\ . To;}n] ltgn] cfcfÇgf] ju{sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ Ifdtf /fVb5g\ .

^= ;f]b\b]Zod"nstf

k|l>tsf cfVofgx¿ ;f]b\b]Zod"ns 9ª\un] l;lh{t 5g\ . pgL ;fd|fHojfbL Pjd\ ;fdGtL pTkL8gnfO{ Wj:t kfg{ rfxG5g\ / Pp6f Gofok"0f{, ljj]sL Pjd\ ;'Gb/ ;dfhsf] l;h{gf ug{ rfxG5g\ . To;}n] pgn] cª\u]|hL ;fd|fHojfbn] ef/tsf :jtGq /fHox¿sf] cl:tTj ;dfKt kfg{ u/]sf] if8\oGq cfqmd0f ?rfPg / p;sf o'4 ;/bf/x¿sf] lj/f]wdf cfVofg l;h{gf u/] Ps /fi6«n] csf]{ /fi6«nfO{ u/]sf] lyrf]ldrf] xf];\ jf Ps JolStn] csf]{ JolStnfO{ u/]sf] pTkL8g xf];\, To;nfO{ pgL 7f8} gsfg{  rfxG5g\ . To;}n] pgL b]zelStnfO{ d'6'sf s]Gb|df /fVb5g\ . pgL eLd;]g yfkfsf] b]zelStk"0f{ kqdf vfldPsf] jf0fLlglwsf] /fi6«k]|dL uLt dq xf]Og, cª\u]|hL slj cg]{:6 hf]G;sf] ;fd|fHojfb lj/f]wL sljtf klg u'gu'gfpF5g\, dfG5]sf] l;sf/ v]Ng cfÇgf l;h{gfsf] b'?kof]u ug]{ cª\u]|hL slj lsklnªnfO{ b'Tsf5{g\ / :jGtGqtf ;ª\u|fddf k|f0f TofUg] nIdLafO{ ;lxtsf of]4fsf] ;Ddfg u5{g\ . pgL lgDgju{sf] hgtfsf] d'lSt rfxG5g\ / ls:g]sf cfdf 5f]/fnfO{ C0fsf] lgx'Fdf pl7af; nufpg], wd{sf gfddf ;tfpg] jf ldYof cf/f]kdf oftgf lbg] pRr ju{ Pjd\ To;sf] ;+/Ifs ;Qfsf] cGt rfxG5g\ . pgL ckx]ngf / pTkL8gdf k/]sf dlxnf Pjd\ blnt ju{sf pTyfgdf cfÇgf] cfVofgfTds Ifdtf pkof]u ub{5g\ . eStk'/sf] rGbg] / cof]Wofsf k'hf/Lsf h:tf wfld{s kfv08nfO{ pbfª\uf] kfg]{ dfq geO{ af]S;Lsf] cGw ljZjf;o'Qm wf/0ffnfO{ 89fpg klg cfVofgsf/ k|l>t pBt 5g\ . pgL cfkm}F 7u, 8fFsf / anfTsf/L lj?4 cfVofgdf hfOnfu]sf 5g\ / To;df c?nfO{ klg ;ª\ul7t u/]/ u/]/ ;kmntf k|flKtsf] ;Gtf]if afF8]sf 5g\ . pgn] wg, kb jf /fhgLlts 9f]Fu ug]{nfO{ k5'tf], k|tf8gf / ckdfgdf kf/]/ lk/f]n]sf 5g\ / j]Zofj[lQsf sf/0f vf]tNb} To;k|lt ljt[i0ff hufpg] r]i6f u/]sf 5g\ . pgL Jolerf/L Pjd\ jf;gfTds k]|dsf ljkIfdf 5g\ / To;tkm{ pGd'v x'g]nfO{ pgsf cfVofgn] k|xf/ u/]sf 5g\ . k|x/L lzlj/ / h]nx¿ cfttfoL oftgf lzlj/ ag]sf]df pgL lgs} e'6e'l6Psf 5g\ / To;tkm{ ;a}sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fO{ ltgnfO{ k|hftflGqs o'ufg's"n kl/jt{g ul/Psf] x]g]{ pgsf] pTs6 clenfiff   5 . ;du|df pgsf cfVofgx¿ ;dfh;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ / ltgdf oyfy{sf ljleGg cj:yf k|s6 ePsf 5g\ . clwsf+z cfVofgdf pgn] oyfy{sf] lrq0f, To;sf] cfnf]rgf / To;df kl/jt{gsf] ;ª\s]t k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . pgsf] rf]/ pkGof;sf] ls:g]n] ;dfh abNg] sfddf cfÇgf] hLjg ;dk{0f ug]{ ;ª\sNk u/]sf] 5 eg] b]zeSt nIdLafO{n] klg xhf/f}F jif{;Dd d'lStof]4fx¿df jL/tfsf] ch]o efjgf ;~rf/ ul//xg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . syf–pksyfx¿df klg w]/}df v/fa k|j[lQx¿k|lt 3[0ff hufpFb} ltgsf] cGTo ug]{ nIo /flvPsf] s'/f 5n{ª\Uf 5 . oBlk, ‘:ju{sf lkt[Ú, ‘emu8fsf] lapÚ, ‘g/ssL b]jLÚ, ‘lunf; efph"Ú cflbn] cem} :ki6tfsf] dfu ub{5g\ eg] ‘tL gfgLÚ / ‘;fnL legfsf] em8kÚn] n]vssf] ljgf]blk|otfsf] kl/ro lbP klg pgsf] uDeL/ n]vgLsf] jhgnfO{ xn'ª\Uff] kf5{g\ / pb\b]Zod"nstfsf] dfu ub{5g\ .

&= efiffz}nLut ljz]iftf

Oltxf; k|l;4 syfj:t'sf ;fy} n]vssf cfÇg} ef]ufOsf ;Gbe{af6 k|l>tn] cfÇgf cfVofgsf ;fdu|Lx¿ a6'n]sf] kfOG5 . b]zeSt nIdLafO{sf lglDt n]vsn] ef/tLo jfª\dosf] oy]i6 k|of]u u/]sf] kfOG5 . To;df pgsf] zf:qLo / ;flxTos 1fg Pjd\ cf}kGofl;s snfn] oy]i6 dfqfdf k|ljli6 kfPsf] 5 . 36gfsf] agf]6 / a'gf]6df :jfefljstf Nofpg cfVofgsf/n] k|bz{g u/]sf df}lnstfsf 56f klg nf]e nfUbf 5g\ . k}+lt; cWofodf ljeflht o; s[ltdf ‘afFsL s'/fÚ ;d]t cGtdf yk ePsf] 5 . cWofox¿ k6Øf/ nfUbf gx'g' / ltgdf kfbl6Kk0fLsf ¿kdf :ki6Ls/0f, ;"lSt, Znf]s cflbsf] cy{ lbOg'n] To;sf] af]wuDotf of]ubfg ePsf] 5 . sljx¿sf sljtf kª\lSt, ;+:s[tsf Znf]sx¿ / cGo ;"rgfx¿ ToxfF pknAw 5g\ . ljifo j:t'sf] uDeL/tf / tbg'¿ksf] ldlxg]tsf] ;+of]hg o; s[ltdf cg'e"t ug{ ;lsG5 .

rf]/ pkTosfsf] z}nLdf cfkm" 3f]l/g g;s]sf] cfTd:jLs[lt :jod\ nv]ssf] /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] ljifo j:t'sf] uDeL/tf / :jfefljstfn] kf7ssf] dg ;lhn} 5'g] s'/fdf s;}sf] ljdlt x'g ;Sb}g, tfklg s[lt leq k:bf ;/;tL{ Ps;/f] aofg cl3 al9/x]sf] cg'e"lt x'G5 . o;df cfVofgsf/n] 36gfnfO{ cem k|efjsf/L agfpg nufpg] sNkgfsf] hnk, cnª\sf/ cflbsf] k|of]u, sfo{ / sf/0fsf] k|efjsf/L k|:t'lt cflblt/ Wofg s]lGb|t ug{ kfPsf] eP o;sf] k|efj cem} a9\g ;Sg] ;Dejfgfn] kf7snfO{ r'sr'sL nufO/xG5g\ . syf / pksyfx¿df lgaGwsf] cfef; 7fpF 7fpFdf eO/xG5g\ . ;DejtM JolStut cg'ejx¿nfO{ cfVofgLs[t ¿kdf k|:t't ug]{ OR5f / ljwfut ljz]iftfk|ltsf] a]jf:tfn] To:tf] l:ylt pTkGg ePsf] x'g ;S5 . x'g t jt{dfgsfnsf cGo sltko syfsf/x¿ lemgf] cfVofgsf /rgflt/ cfslif{t 5g\ / ltgsf lar csyf n]v]/ pQ/ cfw'lgs sxnfpg] xf]8 klg rn]sf] 5, t/ k|l>tsf] eg] ;f] lsQf;Fu lgs6tf 5}g . pgsf nlIot ;d'bfo cfd hgtf x'g\ / ltgsf lglDt ;+/rgfut / ljwfut k'i6tfn] o'Qm /rgf g} kx'Fr k'Ug] v'/fFs aGg ;Sb5g\ . To;}n] syf / lgaGw lar ljefhg /fv]/ ltgsf] Gjf/g klg ToxL lsl;dn] x'g ;s]sf] eP cfVofgLs/0fsf] cefj syf pksyfdf ;fob x'g] lyPg .

cfVofgsf/ k|l>tn] /]vLo 9fFrfsf ;fy} k"j{ bLlKt z}nLdf klg cfVofg l;h{gf u/]sf 5g\ . b]zeSt nIdLafO{ /]vLo z}nLdf cflb dWo cGTosf] qmda4 l;nl;nfdf k|:t't 5, rf]/df eg] ls:g]n] h]ndf cfVofgnfO{ e]6] kl5 cfÇgf ;Dk"0f{ j[QfGtx¿ ;+:d/0fsf ¿kdf k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . pgsf cGo syf–pksyfx¿df st} st} k"j{bLlKtsf] k|of]u ePsf] s'/f ‘g/ssL b]jLÚ, ‘lgb|fnfO{ kmsfpFbfÚ clbdf kfOG5, tfklg clwsf+zdf /]vLo 9fFrf g} ljBdfg 5 . o;/L rf]/ pkGof; / sltko syf–pksyfsf] k|yd k'?if z}nLsf] b]zeSt nIdLafO{sf] t[tLo k'?if z}nLsf] sygn] b'a} k|sf/sf sygz}nLk|lt pgsf] ?lr b]vfpF5g\ .

;+jfbx¿sf] k|of]u klg cfVofgsf/ k|l>tn] kof{Kt dfqfdf u/]sf 5g\ . ltgdf zAbf8Da/ kfOFb}g, tfklg kfqsf] cj:yf / Ifdtf cg'¿k efiff k|of]u ug]{lt/ Wofg gk'u]sf] cg'ej x'G5 . ls:g]÷Dnfª÷sfn] / p;sL cfdfn] af]Ng] g]kfnLdf tfdfªL k|efj ePsf] eP To;sf] k|efj g} a]Un} x'GYof] . To:t} cGo syf–pksyfx¿df klg :yfgLo ljz]iftfnfO{ cª\uLsf/ ug{ ;s]sf] eP tL cem Hofgbf/ aGg] lyP . olt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg pgn] cfÇgf cfVofgx¿nfO{ ljleGg em/f{ zAb, 6'Ssf / pvfgx¿sf] k|of]uåf/f :jflbnf] agfPsf] s'/f eg] pNn]vgLo 5 . ;+:s[tsf ljåfg\ eP/ klg ;xh ¿kdf a'‰g ;lsg] ;/n efiffsf k|of]u pgsf] hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL efjgfsf] Bf]ts ag]sf] 5 .

*= pk;+xf/

pko'{Qm ljj]rgfaf6 s] :ki6 x'G5 eg] b'O{ j6} dfq pkGof; k|sflzt u/]/ klg g]kfnL ;flxTodf Ps ;zSt pkGof;sf/sf ¿kdf k|l>tsf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] 5 / ;Lldt dfqfd} b]vf k/] klg pgsf syfx¿sf] cfÇg} k|sf/sf] pkfb]otf /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnL / ef/tLo ;dfhsf jt{dfg Pjd\ ljutsf dxŒjk"0f{ tYox¿nfO{ Pslqt u/]/ ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fsf lglDt cfVofgLs[t ug]{ pgsf] sfdn] lgDg juL{o Pjd\ :jfwLgtfk]|dL hgtfsf] lz/ pRRf kf/]sf] 5 eg] pRr juL{o /fOFbfOF, a]lylt / HofbtLnfO{ cfÇgf] k|xf/sf] lg;fgf agfPsf] 5 . To;}n] pgsf cfVofTds b]gk|lt k|ultjfbL ;flxTon] uj{ ug{ ;Sb5 . o;sf ;fy} ;fdfGob]lv af}l4s ju{;Ddsf cWoogLo ;fdu|L aGg] Ifdtfn] o'Qm tL s[lt z}lIfs k|of]hgsf b[li6n] klg k|fl1s hut\af6 :jfut ul/g] ck]Iff ug{ ;lsG5 . 

;Gbe{;"rL

cj:yL, dxfb]j, ‘b]jf;'/ ;ª\u|fdsf] ljifo j:t'ut ;]/f]km]/f] / ljwfgut :j¿k’, s'l~hgL, * M %,

@)%& .

pkfWofo, uf]kL/d0f, k|ultzLn ;flxTo ;dfnf]rgf, a'6jn M a'6jn ;flxTo snf ;+:s[lt k|lti7fg,  

@)%( .

k|l>t, df]bgfy, ;ª\slnt /rgfx¿ v08 #, sf7df8f}F M k}/jL a'S; PG8 :6];g/L ;]G6/, @)%* .

e§, uf]ljGb, uf]ljGb e§sf ;dfnf]rgf, sf7df8f}F M au/ kmfpG8];g g]kfn, @)%% .

nfld5fg], slkn, ‘pksyfn] cf}FNofPsf ;Gbe{x¿Ú, g]kfnL ;flxTosf] ;]/f]km]/f], l;4fy{gu/ M snf ;bg,

@)%* .

vv

s'l~hgL, jif{ !!, cª\s *, @)^)

lgaGwsf/sf ¿kdf df]bgfy k|l>t

8f= hLj]Gb|b]j lu/L

!= p7fg

       g]kfnL ;flxTosf sljtf, uLt, gf6s, cfVofg, ;dfnf]rgf cflb ljwfdf em}“ lgaGw ljwfdf klg df]bgfy k|l>tsf] of]ubfg pNn]vgLo 5 . pgsf lgaGwfTds l;h{gfx¿ dWo] sltkon] k':tsfsf/ :j¿k k|fKt ul/;s]sf 5g\ eg] sltko cem} kqklqsfdf 5l/P/ /x]sf 5g\ . pgsf k|sflzt k':tsfsf/ lgaGwfTds s[ltx¿df d'VotM ctLtsf kfOnfx¿ -@)$!_, s]xL 7§f s]xL dsf{ -@)$&_, s]xL ;f+:s[lts lgaGwx¿ -@)$&_, hLjgsf] af6f] -@)$*_, dfg;k6sf t:jL/x¿ -@)$(_ tyf ljrf/ / cGt;{DaGw -@)^@_ nfO{ lng ;lsG5 . logsf cltl/St hLjf0f'b]lv dfgj;Dd -@)#@_, gf/L M aGwg / d'lSt -@)##_, e"tk|]tsf] syf -@)$@_ tyf gfgLx¿nfO{ s;/L c;n agfpg] <  -@)$$_ h:tf s[ltx¿df klg pgsf lgaGwfTds cleJolSt kf]lvPsf 5g\ . oltv]/ klg k|l>tsf sndaf6 lgSn]sf ;'Gb/ ljrf/n] o'Qm ljleGg lgaGwx¿ kqklqsfdf k|sflzt eO/x]sf 5g\ .

       lgaGwsf/ k|l>tn] cfÇgf 1fg, cg'ej / sNkgfnfO{ lgaGwdf 3f]n]/ dfS;{jfbL ljZjb[li6sf]0f cg'¿k k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . ltgdf /fli6«o–cGt/f{li6«o, k|frLg gjLg Pjd\ ;fdfGo ljlzi6 cg]s ljifo / ;Gbe{n] k|ljli6 kfPsf  5g\ . tL ;dfhf]kof]uL, 1fgaw{s / ljrf/f]Q]hs dfq xf]Og, ts{ / cg';Gwfgdf cfwfl/t Pjd\ /l;nf / nf]slk|o 5g\ . ljifout ljljwtf, k|:t'ltut ;/ntf / efiffut af]wuDotf ltgsf ljz]iftf ag]sf 5g\ . log} ljleGg kIfx¿lt/ b[li6 nufp“b} pgsf lgaGwx¿sf] ljj]rgf ug]{ k|oTg oxf“ ePsf] 5 .

@= ljifo j:t'sf] ;]/f]km]/f]

       df]bgfy k|l>tsf lgaGwx¿df pgsf hLjgsf s}og\ kIfx¿nfO{ lgofNg ;lsG5 . Toxf“ leq pgsf] afNosfn / ljBfyL{ hLjg, pgn] c“ufn]sf k];f, pgsf] hLjgbz{g / /fhg}lts k|lta4tf clg h]nhLjgsf cg]s cfofdx¿ ljBdfg 5g\ . pgn] ljleGg cj:yfdf lbg u'hf/]sf n'lDagL c~rnsf kxf8–t/fO{sf s}og\ 7fp“x¿ / ef/tsf] sfzL nufot cg]s :ynx¿sf] kl/j]z klg lgaGw leq ;dflji6 5 . To;}n] slxn] kxf8sf eL/kfvf, slxn] jghª\unsf 3fd5fFof / slxn] ;dynsf kmf“6x¿df s'lb/x]sf k|l>t lgaGwx¿df e]l6G5g\ .

       xl/x/ ;+:s[t kf7zfnfsf ljBfyL{sf ¿kdf pgn] u'hf/]sf If0fx¿ pgsf lgaGwdf cª\lst 5g\ . Toxf“sf] k/Dk/fut lzIff k|0ffnLsf] pgn] v'n]/ cfnf]rgf u/]sf 5g\ . pgsf cfÇg} lktf, dfjnL xh'/af / dfjnL bfh' cWofkssf ¿kdf /x]sf] kf7zfnfn] klg pgsf] lrQ a'emfpg g;s]sf] s'/f pgn] lgaGwdf pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] cgfxsdf c¿nfO{ b'v lbg] u'?;“u k|ltzf]w lngfsf lglDt u/]sf sfdx¿sf] a]lnlj:tf/ nfPsf 5g\ . Tolt dfq geP/ ljBfyL{x¿n] uf]ne]8f / Kofh vfPsf] ;xg g;s]/ kf7zfnf ;dfKt kfg{ cfÇgf bftfnfO{ kqfrf/ ug]{ u'?nfO{ klg gª\Uofpg] sfd pgn] u/]sf 5g\ . ;+:s[t kf7zfnfsf u'?x¿n] gjLg ljrf/nfO{ lgif]w u/]/ cToGt k'/fgf] lrGtgnfO{ c“ufNg] u/]sf] / ;f]xL lrGtg cg'¿k sfª\u]|; kf6L{sf] ;f6f] k|r08 uf]vf{nfO{ k5\ofPsf] wf/0ff klg pgn] JoSt u/]sf 5g\ . olt eP/ klg ;+:s[t jfª\do 1fgsf] e08f/ xf] eGg] s'/fdf pgL ljZj:t 5g\ . ‘;+:s[t jfª\do k'/f]lxtjfb / sf]Onf vfgLÚ gfds lgaGwdf pgn] ;+:s[t ¿kL sf]Onf vfgLleq 1fgsf cg]s lx/f hjfx/tx¿ n's]sf] tYodf k|sfz kf/]sf 5g\ . ;+:s[tsf] k7g kf7g ul/g] kf7zfnfn] cfw'lgs ljBfnonfO{ ;f}tfg] Jojxf/ u/]sf] k|;ª\u klg pgsf] lgaGwdf kfOG5 . k|l>tn] cfÇgf] afNosfndf b]v]sf] l/8L ahf/nfO{ klg x[bo el/ ;“ufn]sf   5g\ . gu/ hLjgsf] klxnf] hfgsf/L lbg] l/8L ahf/ pgsL ;}gf cfdfsf] Gofgf] :g]xn] pgsf] lgaGw l;l~rt 5 . pgn] cfÇgf cfdf / afk|lt b]vfPsf] cufw :g]x klg lgaGwsf ¿kdf k|s6 ePsf] 5 . ;+:s[tsf kl08t / cWofTdjfbsf cg'ofoL eP/ klg Gofo / lj1fgsf sltko s'/fnfO{ k5\ofpg] pgsf lktfk|lt pgn] cfb/ efj k|s6 u/]sf 5g\ . o;/L g} cg]s b'v lar klg cfÇgf] nfngkfng / lzIffk|lt cfdfn] b;f{Psf] cfTdLotf pgsf ‘afÚ, ‘a'af v}Ú / ‘cfdfsf] cf“;'Ú lgaGwdf JoSt ePsf] 5 .

       ljBfyL{ sfndf cfkm"n] u/]sf rf]/L sd{ h:tf lgGbgLo sfo{nfO{ klg k|l>tn] k6Ss} g9f“6L h:tfsf] t:t} /flv lbPsf 5g\ . snfk|ltsf] df]xn] pgn] u0f]zsf] d"lt{ rf]/L u/]sf], cfly{s cefjn] u|:t ePsf cj:yfdf c¿sf] k};f rf]/L u/]/ klg ;fw'sf] h:tf] clego u/]sf] s'/f pgn] v'n:t ¿kdf k|s6 u/]sf 5g\ .

       k|l>t ;fbf hLjg dg k/fp“5g\ eGg] s'/f pgsf lgaGwdf kfOG5 . ‘sfsfsf] j]bgfdfÚ, ‘cfdfsf] cf“;'Ú, ‘5f]/L;“u Ps lbgÚ / ‘Pp6f lrqsf/l;t latfPsf] Ps /ftÚdf pgsf] ;fbf hLjgk|ltsf] df]x k|s6 ePsf] 5 . cefj u|:t sfsfsf] kl/jf/df 5f]/fn] /8fsf] dRrfP/ gof“ n'uf dfu]sf] k|;ª\u sf]6\ofp“b} cfkm"n] k|fWofkg k];fdf nfUbf dxª\uf n'uf nufpgfn] To;af6 c¿df g/fd|f] k|efj k/]sf] s'/f plNnlvt 5 . o;/L g} cfÇgL cfdfn] ;bf ;fbf klx/g ?rfpg] u/]sf], 5f]/Ln] gjLg lrGtg c“ufn]/ uxgf–sk8fsf] df]x Tofu]sf] / snfsf/ s'ndfgl;+x e08f/Lsf] ;fbf hLjg pRr sf]l6sf] /x]sf] aofg pgsf lgaGwx¿df kfOG5 .

       ;fdGtL 9f]“u / pTkL8gsf] klg pgsf lgaGwn] hd]/ cfnf]rgf u/]sf 5g\ . ‘latf{sf /}tLx¿Údf lvlbd ufp“sf latf{jfnx¿n] b;}“ 3/df ug]{ srx/L / oftgfhGo lqmofsnfkx¿, hgtfaf6 p7fpg] cfnf]s, hft xfNg] / kmfNg] s'/Llt clg ltgsf lj?4 km]/fnLsf lgjf;Lx¿n] k|bz{g u/]sf] ;fx; pgsf lgaGwsf ljifo ag]sf 5g\ . hldGbf/ xl/x/n] ‘tf/fgfy t[Kotfd\ / kb\dnf]rg t[Kotfd\Ú hKb} hgtf dfly u/]sf] bdg / pTkL8gsf] k|ToIf j0f{g pgsf lgaGwdf kfOG5 . o;sf ;fy} snsQfsf] sgs dxndf hg]{nL r'/Lkm'/Lsf ;fy /f]a/afkmdf lbg latfpg] sfª\u|];L g]tf ;'j0f{ zdz]/sf] hLjgLn] pgdf kf/]sf] k|efj klg lgaGwdf jl0f{t 5 .

       cfkm}“n] cg'ej u/]sf] / g]kfnL hghLjgn] ef]u]sf] ul/aLsf] kL8fsf] ulx/fOdf k'u]/ pgn] lgaGw n]v]sf   5g\ . pgn] dbg k'/:sf/ afkt kfPsf] rf“bLsf] kftf] ufn]/ 3/ Jojxf/sf] ;d:of 6fg'{k/]sf] j0f{gn] Psflt/ xfdLnfO{ ;+j]lbt t'Nofp“5 eg] csf{lt/ ltq] l8¶fsf] ;/ftdf ul/aLn] hL0f{ t'NofPsf] / 5f]/f 5f]/Ln] Ps uf; eft vfg gkfpg] kl/jf/sf] xfnt v'n:t ePsf] 5 . ;/ftsf] lk08 vfP afkt lk6fO vfg' k/]sf / kl08tnfO{ vfgsf nflu lbPsf s]/fsf sf];fk|lt 6'n'6'n' cf“vf nufO/x]sf bogLo afn aflnsfsf] ;hLj j0f{g pgsf lgaGwdf kfOG5 . o;/L g} ‘sf}8]gLÚ zLif{ssf] pgsf] pTs[i6 lgaGwn] ;j{xf/f kl/jf/sf] jf:tljs hLjgsf w]/} kIfx¿df k|sfz kf/]sf] 5 . o; lgaGwsf tnsf kª\lStx¿ dfq x]bf{ klg o;sf] ;zSt k|:t'ltsf] 5gs kfpg ;lsG5 .

oL ;a} efjljx\jn kfg]{ k|fs[lts b[Zox¿ x]g{ ;lsg] 7fp“ 5 . ljZjsf oftgf / ljjztfx¿sf] s]Gb| h:tf] sf}8]gLsf] kftLsf] a's'/f] . x]gf]{;\ g, afª\ufl6ª\uf ;;fgf vf“af dfly ;lNnlk/nn] 5fPsf] of] a's'/f] /fd|/L pleg klg g;s]/ kftn} atf; rNbf klg wªwªfpg yfN5 . To;sf] w'/L Aofpg] e}“;Lsf] kL7 h:t} ª\ofRr nRs]sf] 5 / 5fgfsf] lsgf/ rflx“ af]s]sf] bfx|L h:t} r'Rr] / rf];] k/]/ tnf{ªt'n'{ª em'lG8Psf] 5 . tNnf] kfvflt/ km;L{sf] emfnn] ;fob kfgL /f]Sg s]xL ;3fp“bf] xf], t/ dflyNnf] kfvf rflx“ dn;fk|f -dfp vfg]_ n] n'5]sf] dfx'/Lsf] 3f/ h:t} 5, k'/} tf/f d08n .

       lgDg juL{o sf}8]gLsf] af; a:g] 5fk|fsf] pko'{Qm :jfefljs j0f{gdf tdfd ul/a g]kfnLx¿sf] jf:tljs cj:yf k|s6 ePsf] 5 . To;}n] ‘sf}8]gLÚ lgaGw Ps k|ltlglw lgaGwsf ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 .

       g]kfnL hg hLjgdf JofKt bf;tfsf] klg k|l>tsf lgaGwdf lx;fa lstfa kfOG5 . ‘k]6] ;'hLÚ lgaGwdf Ps hgf g]tfk|lt b]vfOPsf] r/d bf;tf 3[0ff ug{ nfos 5 . tL g]tfn] r'gfjsf a]nf u/]sf lqmofsnfk, gub ljt/0f / a8f xflsd agfOlbg] cfZjf;g cflbaf6 k]6] ;'hL cfhLjg eSt ag]sf] 5 / ljb]l;Psf tL g]tfsf] xfn va/ yfx kfpg n]vs;“u e]6 x'“bf af/Daf/ k|Zg ul//xG5 . o;/L g} k|l>tn] sf]6 nufpg' cl3 a]jf:tf ug]{ JolStn] sf]6df 7f“l6Psf] b]v] kl5 gd:sf/ ug{ yfNg'df klg bf;tfs} b'u{Gw km]nf kf/]sf 5g\ . ‘bnaxfb'/ lb;f hfpmÚdf k|r08 uf]vf{sf g]tfsf] lb;f w'g] kfgL af]s]/ ;“u} kl5 nfUg] / lb;f ;d]t wf]Olbg] bnaxfb'/sf] lgDg sf]l6sf] bf;Tj k|ltljlDat 5 .

       qmflGt / qmflGtsf/Lk|lt lgaGwsf/ k|l>tsf] c6n cf:yf /x]sf] 5 . To;}n] pgsf lgaGwdf Psflt/ sd/]8 Psb]j cfn], hg ;flxTosf/ g]qnfn cefuL h:tf qmflGtsf/Lsf cg's/0fLo hLjgLdf k|sfz kfl/Psf] 5 eg] csf{lt/ a'4 ;d]tn] aGb's af]Sg p4t x'g] cj:yfsf] lrq agfO{ To; afkt xKsLbKsL vfg' k/]sf] t/ slQ g8udufO{ To;nfO{ k|bz{gLdf /flvPsf] aofg 5 . o;/L g} lzIfssf ¿kdf sfo{ ubf{ ub}{ pgL em\ofnvfglt/ k'Ug' k/]sf] ;Gbe{ klg pgsf lgaGwdf ¿kfGtl/t ePsf] 5 . qmflGtsf/Lx¿k|lt nufOPsf nf~5gfx¿sf] klg lgaGwsf/ k|l>tn] hd]/ v08g u/]sf 5g\ . qmflGtsf/Lx¿k|lt nufOPsf nf~5gfx¿sf] klg lgaGwsf/ pgn] k'iknfn / t'n;Lnfn h:tf g]tfx¿nfO{ ljb]zL k};fdf df]h u/]sf] cf/f]k nufpg]nfO{ d'v el/sf] hafkm lbPsf 5g\ . ‘hF8\ofxf u'?Ú gfds lgaGwdf pgn] k|ofunfn >]i7af6 dfgj dxfsfJo dfly ul/Psf] cfnf]rgfnfO{ ;xif{ :jLsf/ ub}{ qmflGtsf/L dfu{k|lt nDsg k|]/0ff kfPsf] s'/f pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . c;n l;4fGt / c;n af6f] lx“8\g]sf] pgn] 7fp“ 7fp“df k|z+;f u/]sf 5g\ .

       k/f]ksf/L efjgfsf k|l>t cfkm" klg cfo'j]{bsf 1ftf lyP / cf}iflw lj1fgk|lt cf:yfjg\ lyP . ‘h]7fafsf] sGt'/Ú lgaGwdf pgn] cfÇgf h]7fafsf hglk|o lqmofsnfksf] aofg u/]sf 5g\ . sGt'/ af]s]/ pkrf/ ub}{ hg;]jfdf s'b\g] pgsf h]7fafsf] hLjgL pgsf lglDt cg's/0fLo 5 . æha gfgLn] cf“vf vf]Nof] l;Ë} y/f}nL d':s'/fof]Æ h:tf lgaGwsf/sf] ;]jfd"ns efjgfsf] kl/ro lbG5 . ‘hª\unsf] af;’ zLif{ssf] lgaGwdf klg pgsf] cf}iflwd'nf]sf] 1fg / ;]jfefjnfO{ cg'e"t ug{ ;lsG5 . pgL g]kfnsf a:tLx¿df dfq geP/ agf/;df klg la/fdLsf ;]jfdf xflh/ b]lvG5g\ .

       k|l>tsf lgaGwsf ljifo j:t'df /fi6«k|]dn] klg ljz]if dxTTj kfPsf] 5 . k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx, efg'eSt cflbn] /fli6«o PsLs/0fdf k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgsf] pgn] ;d'lrt d"Nofª\sg u/]sf 5g\ . /fi6«nfO{ ljvl08t t'Nofpg] Oltxf; lj/f]wL lrGtgk|lt k|xf/ ug{ pgn] ‘xfdL /fi6« eP/ af“Rg] ls slanf eP/Ú h:tf lgaGw ;fj{hlgs u/]sf 5g\ . /fli6«o PsLs/0fdf b]vf k/]sf sdL sdhf]/L / ltgsf ;dfwfg vf]Hg klg pgsf] snd ;lqmo b]lvG5 . /fi6«sf] pGgltsf lglDt /fhf dx]Gb|n] cl3 ;f/]sf sltko sfo{qmdnfO{ klg pgn] ;sf/fTds ¿kdf x]/]sf 5g\ . oBlk tTsfnLg zf;g Joj:yfsf] eg] pgn] ;zQm ¿kdf lj/f]w u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] ‘cfk g]kfnL x}“ tf] xd eL k~hfaL x}“Ú lgaGwdf klg /fli6«otfk|ltsf] ddTj k|blz{t u/]sf 5g\ .

      

       k|l>tsf lgaGwdf ;flxTo k|]dsf] efjgf klg 5tf5'Nn kf]lvPsf] 5 . ‘b]ptfsf] k'/:sf/’ zLif{ssf] lgaGwdf pgn] b]ptf x]g{nfO{ u'?sf] cf1f lagf kf7zfnf 5f8]sf] / To; lglDt vKsL vfg] 8/n] kf7zfnf g} guPsf] l:yltdf u'?x¿n] af]nfP/ pgnfO{ k'/:s[t u/]sf] rrf{ 5 . To;df ;flxTo l;h{gfsf lglDt pgn] kfPsf] k|]/0ffaf/] klg efjgfx¿ kf]lvPsf 5g\ . ‘wGojfb g} eGg' k5{ To; rf]/nfO{’ lgaGwdf rf]/L u/]/ klg ;flxlTos ;fdu|L 5f8]/ hfg] rf]/k|lt lgaGwsf/ s[t1 b]lvPsf 5g\ . c¿ ;fdfg rf]l/Psf] s'/fn] pgnfO{ 3f]r] klg cfgf] l;h{gf hf]luPsf]df pgn] ;Gtf]if JoSt u/]sf 5g\ . ‘s] tkfO{ of] s'/f kTofpg' x'G5’ lgaGwdf pgn] k':ts 5kfpgsf lglDt bftfaf6 kfPsf] Ps ;o krf; ?lkof“ lnP/ ;fg} pd]/df agf/; k'u]/ lstfa 5kfPsf] s'/f pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . o; qmddf pgn] kfNkfsf] k|];sf] rrf{sf ;fy} a'6jn hf“bf km]nf k/]sf csf{ Ps hgf JolStsf] ;Nnfx / ;xof]usf] d'Sts07n] k|z+;f u/]sf 5g\ . ‘n]vgaf6 hLljsf rnfpg ;lsGg / <’, ‘of]Uotf / of]ubfg s;}n] vf]:g ;S5’, ‘df]tL/fd h:t} csf{ k|ltef :j= 6Lsf/fd wg~ho’ h:tf lgaGwx¿df klg pgsf] ;flxTo k|]d emlNsPsf] 5 . o;/L g} pgn] efg'eSt tTsfnLg kl/j]zdf u/]sf] ;flxlTos ultljlwk|lt 6fpsf] em'sfPsf 5g\ . l3ld/]sf] dfntL–d∙n] uLlt gf6sn] gof“ kl/j]zdf k'/fgf] ;Gb]z k|jfx u/]sf] l6Kk0fL u/]sf 5g\ .

       /fi6«sf k|ltefx¿sf] sb/ x'g' kg]{df pgLx¿n] cg]s b'v em]Ng' k/]sf] jf:tljstfnfO{ pgn] ;a}sf ;fd' :ki6 ¿kdf /fv]sf 5g\ . ‘xl/nfnsf] syf M /fi6«sf] Joyf’ zLif{ssf] lgaGwdf a]nfotL ;]gfdf xltof/ lgdf{0fdf k|ltefzfnL xl/nfn ;+nUg /fhf dx]Gb|af6 k|efljt eO{ g]kfn cfPsf] t/ oxf“ cfP kl5 pgsf] k|ltefsf] sb/ x'g' t s] pN6} h]ndf k'Ug' k/]sf] lj8Dagf o'St l:yltsf] lrq0f ul/Psf] 5 .

       k|l>t :jod\ /fhgLlt sdL{ x'g\ / pgn] /fhgLltsf ljleGg kIfdf rrf{ ug]{ l;nl;nfdf g]kfnsf] ljlzi6 cj:yf, oxf“sf] juL{o ;dfh, g]t[Tjdf b]vf k/]sf] sdhf]/L cflbnfO{ s]nfpgsf ;fy} d'n'sn] c“ufNg' kg]{ dfu{lt/ klg ;Gb]z k|jflxt u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] ljb]zaf6 d'n'sn] lng] cg'bfg / To;af6 kg]{ k|efj, /fhg]tfdf x'g' kg]{ ljz]iftf, ax'njfbsf lglDt g]kfnsf] pko'Qm kl/j]z / k[i7e"ld cflbsf] ljZn]if0f ugf{sf ;fy} qmflGt / Wj+;sf] leGgtf af/] a]nLla:tf/ nfPsf 5g\ . /fhgLltsf gfddf ePsf pu| / pb\b08 lqmofsnfkx¿sf] klg pgn] xsL Pjd\ lgeL{s cfnf]rgf u/]sf 5g\ . o; qmddf pgn] dfcf]jfbLsf gfddf ePsf sltko ultljlwk|lt klg cf}“nf p7fPsf 5g\ . ‘dnfO{ dhb'/sf] sfd lbP k'U5’ zLif{ssf] lgaGwdf pgn] Ps hgf sfpn] s'/f ug]{ k|zf;ssf] cGt] lnPsf 5g\ / 7'nf7'nf l8ª xf“s]/ cfkm"k|lt s[lqd ;xfg'e"lt b]vfp“b} hflu/ lbg vf]h]sf] l:yltdf cfkm"nfO{ dhb'/ dfq agfP/ b]vfpg k|:tfj /fv]/ sfon kf/]sf 5g\ .

       lgaGwsf/ 9f]“u / kfv08 klg 7ofDd} dg k/fp“b}gg\ . ‘sf] k5f}6] <’ lgaGwdf pgn] Ps hgf ldqsf] kfv08 / To;}af6 k|efljt pgsL kTgLsf] t8se8so'St kf];fs Pjd\ Jojxf/nfO{ k|sfzdf NofPsf 5g\ .  cGtdf csL{ kTgL NofP/ cluNnLnfO{ ldqn] wf]sf lbPsf] / pgsf] ;]vL em/]sf] k|;ª\u klg oxf“ jl0f{t 5 . pgn] dt k|fKt ugf{sf nflu bf]xf]/f] rl/q k|bz{g ug]{ xf“; p7\bf] g]tfsf] lqmofsnfkaf/] klg hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ . wfld{s u'?x¿sf] cfnf]rgf vKg' kbf{ v/fgL 3;]/ hktk ub}{ lx“8]sf tL bxLRo'/] g]tfsf] sygL / s/gLsf] cGt/nfO{ pbfª\uf] kfl/lbPsf 5g\ .

       k|l>tn] s}og\ cf“l6nf / ;fxl;nf sfdx¿ u/]sf 5g\ . pgsf To:tf sfo{x¿ lgaGwdf ljifo ag]sf 5g\ . slxn] pgL ef]s} gfª\u} hª\un / eL/ kx/fdf lx“l8/x]sf e]l6G5g\, slxn] h]nsf] oftgfdo a;fOdf xsL cfjfhx¿ 3GsfO/x]sf kfOG5g\ / slxn] /fhf :jod\;“u pgsf sdL sdhf]/Lx¿ cf}“NofP/ jftf{ ul//x]sf b]lvG5g\ .

       pgn] h]ndf latfPsf If0fx¿sf] cg'e"lt lgaGwdf k|s6 x'bf“ ;a}nfO{ ;+j]lbt t'Nofp“5 . pgsf Gofok"0f{ cfjfh  Pjd\ ;fxl;s cleJolStaf6 ys{dfg eP/ h]n leqsf] ;f“3'/f] sf]7/Ldf xfln“bf pgn] ef]Ug' k/]sf] e'Qmdfg sxfnL nfUbf] 5 . pgn] af}nfxfx¿sf dfemdf klg cfgf] h]n hLjgsf] ;do latfPsf 5g\ . Toxf“ af}nfxfx¿sf h] kgf{sf sf/0f pgLx¿sf c;Gt'lnt lqmofsnfk Pjd\ To:tf lqmofsnfk ug{ pgLx¿ ljjz pgsf] cj:yfsf] vf]hL ul/Psf] 5 . ef]nfefnf JolStx¿ s;/L h]nsf lr;f l5“8Ldf hLjg u'hfg{ tTsfnLg Joj:yf cGtu{t afWo kfl/Psf lyP eGg] s'/fsf] /fd|f] n]vfhf]vf lgaGwsf/n] u/]sf 5g\ . h]n leq Toxf“sf k|zf;lgs / cGo sd{rf/L Pjd\ h]n gfOs]af6 x'g] HofbtL af/] klg pgn] k|sfz kf/]sf 5g\ . h]ndf 3f]/L;“u s]xL 3G6f latfpg kfp“bf cfgGbljef]/ ePsf 5g\ lgaGwsf/ . pgL cfgf Jojxf/n] h]nsf s}bL / sd{rf/Lx¿sf] klg dg lhTg ;kmn b]lvG5g\ . h]n a;fOdf pgnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ s}bLx¿ ;lxt cGo JolStx¿ klg t“5f8d5f8 ul//x]sf e]l6G5g\ . pgsf 5f]/fsf] ljjfx h]ndf ;DkGg x'g' / ljjfxsf] k|lqmof cfkmGt Pjd\ ;xof]uLx¿ dfem pNnf;do jftfj/0fdf ;DkGg x'g ;Sg'df k|l>tk|ltsf] ;a}sf] ;b\efj k|ltljlDat ePsf] 5 .

       lgaGwsf/ c1fgsf] cGTo ePsf] x]g{ rfxG5g\ / c;n s'/fsf] lzIffyL{ aGg pT;'s 5g\ . xf]rf k'8\sf dfG5]x¿ b]v]/ lvl;l6p/L ug]{x¿k|lt pgn] Joª\Uojf0f lxsf{Psf 5g\ . o;/L g} 5fnf /fd|f] b]v]/ Jojxf/ ug]{x¿sf] c1fgtfk|lt klg pgsf] lgaGwsf/ d'/d'l/Psf] 5 . pgL c;n lzIffsf lglDt cfkm}“ klg vKsL vfg tof/ 5g\ . Ps hgf ljåfg\n] dfgj dxfsfJosf] cfnf]rgf u/]sf]df pgL hlt k|;Gg 5g\ Tolt g} cfglGbt pgn] c¿sf tkm{af6 tof/ u/]sf] :t'ltk/s clegGbg kqsf] cfnf]rgf ug]{ Ps hgf ef/tLo ljåfg\af6 b]lvG5g\ . pgsf] k':ts k|]d Pjd\ lzIff k|]d ‘ljZjljBfno 89fpg] k/Dk/f / To;sf] kl/0ffd’ tyf ‘s] cGt/ 5 k':ts kf]Ng' / 89fpg'df’ h:tf lgaGwx¿df k|ltlalDat 5 . pgL ;dosf] kfngf gug]{ g]kfnL k/Dk/fsf klg cfnf]rs /x]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/f ‘g]kfnL ;do lsg l9nf] x'G5 <’ zLif{ssf] lgaGwaf6 5n{ª\luG5 .

       df]bgfy k|l>t ;+:s[ltsf dd{1 x'g\ . k"jL{o Pjd\ kfZrfTo ;+:s[ltsf] uxg cWoog u/]sf k|l>tn] xfd|f ;+:s[ltsf c;n kIfnfO{ hf]ufpg] / v/fa kIfnfO{ kG5fpg] b[li6n] w]/} dxŒjk"0f{ /rgfx¿ k|sfzgdf NofPsf 5g\ . pgL ;f+:s[lts If]qn] lng' kg]{ lbzf af/] ;r]i6 5g\ . v/fa ;+:s[ltnfO{ Wj+; u/]/ To;sf 7fp“df gj ;+:s[ltsf] lgdf{0f ug]{lt/ pgsf] WofpGg uPsf] 5 . pgL k"j{hGd, k'gh{Gd, efUojfb, 5'jf5't, ¿l9, cGw ljZjf; cflbsf] dxn eTsfpg rfxG5g\ . pgL lj1fg / j}1flgs ljZn]if0fsf kIfkftL 5g\ . xfd|f k'/f0f, ldys cflbsf j}1flgs JofVof u/]/ ;dfhnfO{ lj1fg ;Ddt dfu{ cjnDag ug{ pgn] cfx\jfg u/]sf 5g\ . g]kfnL Oltxf;sf cj}1flgs b[li6sf]0fsf] cfnf]rgf ub}{ To; If]qsf j}1flgsx¿n] cg';Gwfgsf ;fy cl3 ;f/]sf b[li6sf]0fsf] pgn] k|z+;f u/]sf 5g\ . ;f+:s[lts If]qdf b]vf k/]sf e|dx¿nfO{ lrg{ klg pgn] dgUu] k|oTg u/]sf 5g\ . k/Dk/fut >f4nfO{ gof“ lsl;dn] ;DkGg ug{ pgn] cfgL cfdf;“u ;Demf}tf u/]sf 5g\ eg] ;f+:s[lts Pstfsf] k|tLs lzj ;+:s[ltsf] avfg u/]sf  5g\ . dflg;sf k|frLg u0fx¿n] ljleGg hgfj/sf gfddf cnu klxrfg /fv]sf] s'/f lemSb} pgn] gfu, slk cflb cg]s u0fsf] k|;ª\u pSsfPsf 5g\ . Oltxf; k'/f0fsf] ;d'lrt cWoog u/]/ cª\u'lndfn h:tf JolSt dfly k/]sf] dsf{nfO{ pgn] vf]tn]sf 5g\ / cGofoL ;dfhn] tyfslyt k|lti7f hf]ufpg u/]sf] cTofrf/sf] eG8fkmf]/ u/]sf   5g\ .

       snfsfl/tfk|lt klg k|l>tsf] n]vgLsf] cfsif{0f /x]sf] 5 . pgL cfkm}“ lrq sf]5{g\ / ljBfyL{sfnb]lv g} To;k|lt pgsf] cle?lr /x]sf] s'/f pgn] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . oxL cfsif{0fn] pgn] Ps hgf lrqsf/sf] u0f]zsf] d"lt{ rf]/L ug{ k'u]sf] s'/f dfly g} pNn]v eO;s]sf] 5 . o;/L g} s'ndfgl;+x e08f/Lsf] snfsfl/tf Pjd\ uDeL/ snf;fwgf af/] klg pgsf lgaGwdf ;/fxgf ul/Psf] 5 .

       gf/L ;d:ofsf] cg]s cfofdnfO{ vf]tNg] sfd lgaGwsf/ k|l>tn] u/]sf 5g\ . gf/L M aGwg / d'lQmdf dfq geO{ cg]s km'6s/ lgaGwx¿df klg pgn] gf/L ;DaGwL ljj]rgf u/]sf 5g\ . cgd]n ljjfx, afnljjfx, ax'ljjfxsf ljleGg k|;·x¿ pgsf lgaGwdf 5g\ . ljwjfx¿sf ;d:oflt/ klg pgsf] Wofg s]lGb|t ePsf] 5 . gf/Ln] jt{dfg ;dfhdf ef]Ug' k/]sf lx+;f, anfTsf/, a]rlavg cflbsf sxfnL nfUbf ;d:ofx¿ klg pgsf lgaGwdf ljifo ag]sf 5g\ . /fHo Pjd\ ;dfhn] k'?if / gf/Lk|lt ug]{ e]befjk"0f{ Jojxf/n] klg pgn] cfnf]rgf u/]sf 5g\ . o;sf cltl/Qm gf/Lx¿df lzIff, r]tgf, ;fx; / j}1flgs lrGtg clej[l4 ug{ klg k|l>tsf lgaGwx¿ pBt 5g\ .

       dfgjn] ljZjdf u/]sf] 1fg lj1fgsf] pGglt, efiff–;flxTo cflbsf] ljsf; / dfgjLo efjgfsf sltko kIfx¿nfO{ klg k|l>tsf lgaGwn] ;d]6]sf 5g\ . pgn] k"j{ / klZrdsf j}1flgsx¿sf] vf]h cg';Gwfgsf] pNn]v ub}{ k"jL{o ljåfg\x¿n] plxNo} kQf nfufO;s]sf s'/fx¿ clxn] klZrdL ljåfg\x¿sf vf]hsf ¿kdf rlr{t ePsfdf cfZro{ JoSt u/]sf 5g\ . Uoflnlnof], hbf{gf] a'|gf] cflbeGbf klxn] g} cfo{ e§n] k[YjL uf]nf] ePsf] / To;n] ;"o{sf jl/kl/ 3'Dg] s'/f kQf nufPsf], ef:s/frfo{n] Go'6geGbf klxn] g} u'?Tjfsif{0fsf] l;4fGt k|ltkfbg u/]sf], 8fla{geGbf klxn] T;f]g–T;]n] hLj ljsf;af/] j}1flgs ljZn]if0f u/]sf] cflb tYox¿ cfgf lgaGwdf cl3 ;f/]/ pgn] kfZrfTo ljåfg\x¿sf vf]hx¿df k|Zg lrx\g v8f ul/lbPsf 5g\ . o;sf cltl/Qm dfgjLo Pjd\ juL{o k|]d, cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw / e|ft[k|]d, ljleGg wd{, bz{g / ljrf/ cflb af/] ljZjsf ljsf; ljleGg :yfglt/ b[li6kft ub}{ pgsf lgaGwx¿n] w]/} s'/f af]n]sf 5g\ .

       k|l>t afn aflnsfsf] ;'Gb/ eljiok|lt klg plQs} lrlGtt 5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ c;n af6f]lt/ 8f]¥ofpg pgn] ‘gfgLx¿nfO{ s;/L c;n agfpg] <’ h:tf s[ltdf ljleGg afnf]kof]uL lgaGwx¿ k:s]sf 5g\ . ltgdf cfdf, afa' / cGo cleefjsx¿nfO{ gfgLx¿af/] lrGtgzLn / ;+j]bgzLn t'Nofpg] k|oTg ul/Psf] 5 . gfgLx¿nfO{ e"t, k|]t cflbsf] qf;af6 d'Qm kfg{ klg pgn] kof{Kt kl/>dsf] d;L r'xfPsf 5g\ . jf:tjdf k[YjLsf] ;[li6b]lv jt{dfg o'u;Ddsf 1fg lj1fgsf cg]s kIfnfO{ leœofP/ g]kfnL lgaGwsf] e08f/ ug{ pgn] h] sfd u/]sf 5g\, To;n] lj:t[t / Jofks cWoogsf] dfu ub{5 . o;sf lglDt eljiok|lt cfzfjfbL x'g ;lsG5 .

#= efiffz}nL

       df]bgfy k|l>tsf w]/} h;f] lgaGwx¿ lgaGw n]vgsf l;4fGtnfO{ s]Gb| agfP/ n]lvPsf 5}gg\, oBlk s]xL lgaGwx¿ eg] cfw'lgs lgaGwn] ck]Iff ug]{ ljlw ljwfgsf b[li6n] klg k|efjsf/L 5g\ . ltgdf st} cfTdk/stf kfOG5 eg] st} j:t'k/stf . lgaGw n]Vbf n]Vb} sxLF pgL cToGt efj's ag]sf kfOG5g\ eg] sxL“ a]hf]8 tfls{ssf ¿kdf e]l6G5g\ . ljrf/ / ts{sf] zlStzfnL k|jfx pgsf w]/}h;f] lgaGwdf kfOG5 . cleJolStnfO{ ;r]t ¿kdf cfnª\sfl/s t'Nofpg] / k|s[lt j0f{gdf /dfpg] k|oTg klg 7fp“ 7fp“df ePsf] 5 . o; lglDt pgsf] ‘sf}8]gL’ zLif{ssf] lgaGwaf6 o; cl3 pb\w[t kª\lStx¿ g} kof{Kt 5g\ . cem ;a}eGbf dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f t s] 5 eg] pgsf lgaGw /rgf pgsf hLjgsf ef]ufOsf cgGt If0fx¿af6 ;+of]lht 5g\ / tL hgtf / ;dfhnfO{ nIo u/]/ c;n pb\b]Zon] n]lvPsf 5g\ . To;}n] ltgnfO{ eflifs ;/ntf / af]wuDotfn] klg k5\ofPsf] kfOG5 . ltgnfO{ :yfgLo zAb Pjd\ zAbfjnLn] o'St t'Nofpg] k|of; klg Toxf“ ePsf] 5 . ltgdf k|o'Qm nvg66\6", w'dr6f/f], l/l8Ss, c:of6, tnf{ª\t'n{ª, lem/]nL, xl/6f6, ah"{, Oltlslt, uu|]6 af/L, d'vdf df8 kfpg', 8f]8\ofpg' cflbn] ltgdf Hofg eg{ ljz]if of]ubfg u/]sf 5g\ . o;sf cltl/St g]kfnL pvfgx¿lt/ klg efiffk|]dL k|l>tsf b[li6 k/]sf 5g\ .

       cfkm"nfO{ dgdf nfu]sf] s'/f glxrlsrfO{ JoSt ug'{ pgsf lgaGwsf] ljz]iftf ag]sf] 5 . pgn] :jod\ cfgf bnsf ;fy} g]kfnL sfª\u|]; / dfcf]jfbLn] u/]sf uNtL sdhf]/LnfO{ klg lgw{Ss;“u cf}“NofOPsf 5g\ eg] hftLo ¿kdf afx'g, If]qL, hghflt cflb hf];'s}n] klg lns 5f8]sf] l:yltdf ;r]t t'NofPsf 5g\ . /fhfb]lv /ª\s;Dd s;}k|lt klg n]vgL ;f]em\ofP/ cfkm"nfO{ nfu]sf s'/f kf]Vg' pgsf] lgaGwut j}lzi6\o ag]sf] 5 .

       slj k|l>tnfO{ klg pgsf lgaGwx¿df km]nf kfg{ ;lsG5 . pgsf s]xL lgaGwdf pgsf sljtfTds l;h{gfx¿ ljGo:t 5g\ . dxfsfJosf] :t/;Dd sljtfnfO{ shfO;s]sf k|l>t lgaGwdf o;/L sljtfsf kª\lQmx¿ ld;fpg k'u]sf 5g\ M

              xfo g]kfnsf] 7'nf] c1fg tdgfzs

              cWofTdjfbsf] ;"o{ hf] lyof] cfh Tof] lgEof]

              cxf, a'afsf] d'v g} zf/bfsf] lyof] 3/

              Tof] eTs]/ uof] cfh ca tL a:bl5g\ sxf“ <

                                                       -‘a'af v}’ lgaGw_

              k/Gt' slxNo} x'Gg lsg xf] kl/jf/sf]

              e/k]6 b'j} 5fs, cfªdf ultnf] n'uf

                                                       -‘af’ lgaGw_

       o;/L g} pgsf lgaGwx¿df uLtsf 6'qmfx¿ klg kfOG5g\ . st} cfg} l;h{gfsf / st} nf]sdf k|rlnt uLtsf x/kmx¿ pgsf lgaGwdf uf“l;Psf 5g\ . To;}n] uLtsf/ Pjd\ nf]s uLt k|]dL k|l>t;“u klg pgsf lgaGwx¿df xfd|f] e]6 eO/xG5 . pgn] lgaGwdf k|:t't u/]sf s]xL uLtx¿ o; k|sf/ 5g\ M

      

ltdL em}“ ?g] g]kfn el/ c;ª\Vo cfdf 5g\

g]kfnsf cf“;' k'l5P cfdf ∕ ;a}sf k'l5G5g\ .

                                         -‘cfdfsf cf“;'’ lgaGw_

afv|fsf] kf7f] ef]sfpg cf“6f] lug]/L n5f/===

cfxfO lug]/L n5f/

d} x'“ eGg] latf{jfnnfO{ lxnfdf k5f/===

cfxfO lxnfdf k5f/=====.

                                         -‘d'vdf Hof]lt emNsg] /fhf’ lgaGw_

uf]7fNbfOn] 3f“;} sf6\of] 8fn] / uf]ug

;fO{sf] d'xf/ wKk} aNof] s] nfOYof} /f]ug <

                                                -‘af}nfx¿sf] ;fydf kf“r dlxgf’ lgaGw_

k|l>tsf] lgaGw z}nL leq ;+:s[t jfª\dosf Znf]s / ;"lQmx¿n] klg k|j]z kfPsf 5g\ . cfgf ts{nfO{ k'li6 ug{ pgn] ljleGg u|Gysf p4/0fx¿ k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . ltgsf s]xL gd'gf lgDg cg';f/ 5g\ M

Go'6geGbf klxn] k"jL{o ljåfg\ ef:s/frfo{sf] ‘l;4fGt–lz/f]dl0f’ gfds s[ltdf k[YjLsf] u'?Tjfsif{0f zlStaf/] kQf nufO;s]sf] s'/f k'li6 ug{ pgn] tnsf] Znf]s g]kfnL cy{;lxt k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ M

       cfs[i6 zlStZr dxL tof ot\

       :j:y+ u'?:jfled"v{+ :jzQmof

       cfs[iot] ot\ kttLj eflt

       ;d] ;dGtfg\ Sj ktlTjo+ v] .

                                  -‘j}1flgs vf]h s;n] u¥of] t/ h; s;n] kfof] <’ lgaGw_

o;/L g} uLtfsf sltko Znf]sx¿sf ;fy} sflnbf; / cGo ljåfg\sf kª\lQmx¿n] klg pgsf lgaGwdf k|j]z kfPsf 5g\ M

              dt k/t/+ gfGolTslrbl:~bl:t wg~ho

              dlo ;j{ldb+ k|f]st ;"q] dl0fu0ff Oj

              cx+ 1fgjtf+ >]i7 ;j{1ft+ dof Ox

                                         -Clifx¿n] wfld{s /fhf a]gnfO{ lsg df/] <’ lgaGw_

lgaGwsf/ k|l>tn] ;+jfbsf 5f]6f–ld7f c+zx¿sf dfWodaf6 klg lgaGwnfO{ ;hLj t'Nofpg] an k'¥ofPsf] s'/f tnsf] ;+jfblt/ b[li6 nufP :ki6 x'G5 M

—      ætkfO{+sf] 3/ sxf“ bfO <Æ

—      æbfª, dx'nLÆ, yf]/} dlw;] nahdf pgn] eg] .

—      ægfd s] lg <Æ

—      ædl0f/fd yf?Æ

—      æs] eP/ oxf“ cfpg' ePsf]Æ

—      æv} 8fS6/n] SofG;/ eG5 . xfd|f] lt/ t o; /f]usf] gfd ;'g]sf] klg lyOg .Æ

k§L af“w]sf] bflxg] xft b]vfp“b} pgn] eg] .

k|l>tsf lgaGw leq ljleGg lr7Lkqx¿ klg e]l6G5g\ . pgsf 5f]/f ljhob]lv pgsf u'? -j]bu'?_ ;Ddsf r7L Toxf“ 5flkPsf 5g\ .

       pgn] cfgf] efifnfO{ hglha|f];“u cfa4 t'Nofpg] r]i6f :j¿k pgLx¿sf af]nLnfO{ klg l6k]sf 5g\ . pgn] cfgL ;}gf cfdfsf] af]nLnfO{ h:tfsf] t:t} k|:t't ug]{ qmddf eg]sf 5g\ M æl6d|f] gfd s] xf] < == P 5f]8f df]8gfy s:6f] 6f7f] /}5 . n lx+“8 cgL{ vfg dfl7 .Æ

       k|l>tsf lgaGwx¿ dWo] sltko rflx“ pkzLif{sdf klg ljeSt 5g\ . ‘a}nfxfx¿sf] ;fydf kf“r dlxgf’, ‘ljBf x/fP sfzL hfg"’, ‘af’, ‘OGSnfnfa lhGbfjfb’, ‘latf{sf /}tLx¿’ h:tf lgaGwdf ljleGg pkzLif{s e]l6G5g\ . ;DalGwt ljifodf a9L Wofg s]lGb|t u/fpg o:tf zLif{s ;Ifd 5g\ . zLif{s rogdf pgn] jfSo :t/sf jf kbfjnL :t/sf eflifs PsfOsf] a9L k|of]u u/]sf 5g\, oBlk ‘af’, ‘sf}8]gL’ h:tf Ps zAb] zLif{s klg sxL“ sxL“ b]vf   kb{5g\ . zLif{saf6 g} leqL ljifo j:t' af/] nv sf6\g ;lsg] / zLif{ss} jl/kl/ leqL kf7n] kl/qmdf ug]{ x'“bf ;+/rgf / cy{nfO{ ef“re'“r kfg]{ Pjd\ zLif{s / kf7 lar tfnd]n g/xg] l:yltaf6 tL d'Qm 5g\ .

       Ps a;fOdf k9\g ;lsg] cfsf/df k|l>tsf lgaGwx¿ ;+/lrt ePsfn] cTof;o'Qm l:yltaf6 kf7sn] Toxf“ u'lh|g' kb}{g . b]jsf]6fn] eg] em}“ 6]a'n ukmsf ¿kdf tL ;/;/L cleJoSt ePsf 5g\ . ltgdf nKkg5Kkg g/x]sfn] ;xh ¿kdf kf7sn] u|x0f ug{ ;S5g\ . hl6neGbf hl6n ljifonfO{ klg ;/n w/ftndf ptfg{ lgaGwsf/ ;Ifd  5g\ .

       kf7sn] pgsf sltko lgaGwfTds l;h{gfdf lgvf/ gk'u]sf] cg'e"lt ug{ ;Sg] kof{Kt ;Defjgf 5 . ;fob ljifo j:t'nfO{ ;flxlTos hnkn] o'Qm t'Nofpg] cj;/ pgnfO{ pknAw ePsf] eP oL lgaGwx¿ cem zlStzfnL aGg ;Sg] c8\sn hf] sf]xLn] ug{ ;S5 . To;}n] ljrf/sf] k|jfxsf b[li6n] oL hlt ;zSt 5g\  snfTds k|:t'ltsf b[li6n] Toxf“ k'Ug lgaGwsf/n] cem} s]xL kfOnf nDsfpg' kg]{ l:ylt b]lvG5 . olt x'“bf x'“b} klg k|l>tn] cfgf lgaGwdf :kz{ u/]sf ljifox¿lt/ b[li6 nufp“bf lgw{Ss;“u eGg ;lsG5– cg'e"ltsf] tLj| a]unfO{ kqmg pgL ;Ifd 5g\ / pgsf] cleJolStut Ifdtfn] g]kfnL lgaGwnfO{ lgtfGt gf}nf k|b]zx¿sf] ofqf u/fPsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} s] klg yKg ;lsG5 eg] g]kfnL lgaGwdf cfgf] cnUu} klxrfg ;lxt 7'nf] ;ª\Vofdf lgaGwx¿ y'k|} lgaGwsf] efiffz}nLnfO{ ;d[4 t'Nofpg pgn] u/]sf ;flxlTos If]qsf gfgf k|of]u / hg efiffk|ltsf] df]x, k|]/0ffbfos Pjd\ pbfx/0fLo 5 .

$= pk;+xf/

       lgaGwsf/ df]bgfy k|l>t ;of}“ lgaGwx¿ g]kfnL ;flxTonfO{ ;'Dk]sf 5g\ . ltgdf k|s[lt, ;+:s[lt, hg hLjg, Oltxf;, wd{, bz{g, ;flxTo, ;dfh zf:q cflb cg]s ljifosf k|;·x¿ 5g\ . g]kfnL ufp“ / gu/sf ;fy} ef/tsf s}of}“ :yfg / cGo ljb]zL d'n'ssf] kl/j]z ;d]t ToxfF leq ljBdfg 5 . jt{dfg ;dosf ;d;fdlos s'/fb]lv Oltxf; k'/f0fsf k|frLg cj:yfsf] ;d]t aofg ltgdf ul/Psf] 5 . Toxf“ leq afn, j[4, o'jf, gf/L, k'?if / :jb]zL, ljb]zL ;a} k|sf/sf rl/qx¿ rnv]n u/]sf e]l6G5g\ . hLjgsf c;ª\Vo If0fx¿nfO{ lgofNb} / l6Kb} z[ª\vnfa4 t'Nofpg] / cfgf b[li6sf]0f cg'¿k k|:t't ug]{ qmddf oL lgaGwx¿sf] l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . logdf Psflt/ ;8]un]sf] ;fdGtL Pjd\ k'“hLjfbL lrGtgk|lt 3[0ff hufpg] / lj/f]wsf] cfjfh p7fpg] sfd ePsf] 5 eg] csf{lt/ pbfp“bf] gjLg hgjfbL ;+:s[ltk|lt cf:yf pdfg]{ k|oTg ul/Psf] 5 . To;}n] k|ultjfbL Pjd\ k|ultzLn lrGtg oL lgaGwx¿sf] Ps k|d'v kIf aGg uPsf] 5 .

       k|l>tn] cfg} hLjgdf afNosfnb]lv jt{dfg cj:yfdf ef]u]sf ljleGg 36gfx¿ pgsf lgaGwdf ¿kfGtl/t ePsf 5g\ . pgsf] h]n leq / h]n aflx/sf] ;+;f/nfO{ logdf lgofNg ;lsG5 . pgsf] ;ª\3if{zLn hLjgsf sltko kIfx/ xfd|f ;ª\s6sf uf“7f km':sfpg pkof]uL x'g ;S5g\ / hLjg ofqfdf ky k|bz{g ug{ ;Sb5g\ . pgn] cfgf sdhf]/Lx¿nfO{ klg lgZ5n ¿kdf k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ / To;tkm{ a]n}df ;hu /xg Odfgbf/Lk"j{s cfx\jfg klg u/]sf 5g\ . To;}n] pgsf] hLjgsf cf/f]x–cj/f]xaf6 lzIff lng rfxg]x¿sf lglDt klg pgsf lgaGw ultnf v'/fs aGg ;Sb5g\ .

       k"jL{o jfª\dosf] cWoog / To;sf] j}1flgs JofVofsf b[li6n] klg k|l>tsf lgaGwx¿ pTs[i6 sf]l6sf 7xg{ ;S5g\ . pgn] ¿l9 / cGw ljZjf;sf h/f l5dNg j]b, k'/f0f, uLtf, dxfef/t cflbs} ;xf/f lnP/ csf6\o ts{x¿ k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . k"jL{o zf:qsf dd{1x¿n] zf:qsf] JofVof / ljj]rgfsf lglDt k|l>tsf lgaGwaf6 gof“ b[li6 km]nf kg{ ;S5g\ eg] cGo tdfd JolStx¿n] klg k"jL{o jfª\dosf] cWoogtkm{sf] cfsif{0f k|fKt ug{ ;Sb5g\ .

       h:tf] ;'s} c“Wof/f]df klg pHofnf]sf lglDt h'l6/xg] k|l>tsf] cfzfjflbtf klg pbfx/0fLo 5 . pgn] cfkm" hxf“ a;] Toxf“ cfzfsf] lbof] k|Hjlnt ul//x] / l;h{gfsf dfWodaf6 c“Wof/f] lj?4 wfjf af]ln/x] eGg] s'/fdf ;fIfL pgsf lgaGwx¿ 5g\ . ljrf/nfO{ aGbL agfpg rfxg]x¿sf lglDt pgsf lgaGw 7'nf] xf“ssf ¿kdf pkl:yt 5g\ .

       /fhgLlt / ;flxTonfO{ cnUofpg 7'nf] tuf/f] t]:of{pg]x¿nfO{ klg /fhgLlt1 k|l>tsf ;flxlTos lgaGwn] hafkm lbO/x]sf 5g\ . /fhg}lts If]qsf] sd{zLn hLjg ;'Gb/ ;flxTo l;h{gfsf] cfwf/ aGg ;Sb5 eGg] s'/fsf] k'li6 ug{ pgsf lgaGwx¿ ;Ifd 5g\ . /fhgLlt1 k|l>t / ;flxTosf/ k|l>tsf] ;xofqfnfO{ pgsf lgaGwx¿n] ult k|bfg ul//x]sf] kfOG5 . /fhgLltdf Ps yf]s / ;flxTodf cs}{ yf]ssf] ck]Iff ug]{x¿sf lglDt klg pgsf lgaGwx¿ ultnf] hafkm aGg ;Sb5g\ .

       k|l>tsf lgaGwx¿sf] ljj]rgf Pjd\ ljZn]if0fsf lglDt ulx/f] cWoogsf] cfjZostf 5 . ltgsf zlSt / ;LdfnfO{ /fd|/L 7Dofpg ;lsof] eg] lgaGwsf/ :jod\af6 g]kfnL ;flxTon] cem pTs[i6 lgaGwx¿ k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] 5 eg] kf7sx¿ klg a9L nfeflGjt x'g] 5g\ . ef]ufO / n]vfOnfO{ Psfsf/ t'Nofp“b} hgtfsf lglDt ul/Psf rrf{, ljj]rgf / ljZn]if0fn] ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fsf lglDt ug]{ of]ubfg xfdL ;a}sf] rf;f] Pjd\ Wofgfsif{0fsf] vf“rf] 5 . To;tkm{ uDeL/ x'g ;lsof] eg] k|l>tsf ;fy} hgtfsf tdfd n]vssf c;n l;h{gfTds sfo{x¿n] hglxtsf cg]s åf/x¿ p3fg]{ s'/fdf s'g} ;Gb]x 5}g .       

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