सम्झनामा चीन भ्रमण

g]kfnL k|ultzLn gf6ssf] pb\ej / ljsf;

k|f=8f= hLj]Gb| b]j lu/L

!= kl/ro

     g]kfnL k|ultzLn gf6ssf]  ljj]rgf ug'{ clu k|ultzLntfaf/] s]xL rrf{ ug'{ pko'St x'G5 . k|ultzLntf k"0f{tM dfS;{jfbL b[li6sf]0faf6 lgb]{lzt geP klg dfS;{jfb jf k|ultjfbsf pHofnfdf g} o;sf] ljsf; ePsf] kfOG5 . oyfy{sf] ljsf;zLn kIf kqmg', zf]if0f cTofrf/sf] lj/f]wL x'g' / dfgj sNof0fsf] efjgf cFufNg' o;sf ljz]iftf x'g\ . ;fdGtjfbsf] lj/f]w ug]{ qmddf k'FhLjfbL dfGotf klg o;n] cFufNg ;St5 . h:tf] ls ¿l9 / cGwljZjf;sf] lj/f]wdf pleg] sfd k'FhLjfb :jo+n] klg u/]sf] / k|ultzLntfsf kIfw/x? klg To; dfGotfdf /x]sf] xfdL b]Vt5f}F . To;}n] k|ultzLntf ;dfhjfbL oyfy{jfb;Dd ljsl;t eO{ g;s]sf] / a9Ldf cfnf]rgfTds oyfy{jfbsf j[Q;Dd k'u]sf] b]Vg ;lsG5 . - k|eft, @)^#M !)–!!_ . k|ultjfbL gf6sx? :jtM k|ultzLn x'G5g\ / k|ultjfbL ;du| dfGotf gcFufn] klg pko'{St dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/]sf cGo gf6sx? klg k|ultzLn sxnfpF5g\ . oxL s'/fnfO{ b[li6ut u/]/ oxfF g]kfnL k|ultzLn gf6ssf] pb\ej / ljsf;af/] rrf{ ug]{ hdsf]{ ul/Psf] 5 .

        g]kfnL k|ultzLn gf6ssf] k|f/De x'g'clu nf]s gf6s / cGo gf6sdf klg stfslt hg kIfw/tf kfOG5 . n'lDagLdf k|rlnt gr/L nf]s gf6sdf /fdn] blnt gf/Lsf xftsf] kfgL lkPsf] j0f{g kfOG5 . 3f6' nf]s gf6sdf h'g;'s} ¿kdf cfPsf] eP klg tTsfnLg /fhfsf] 5f8fkg s]xL dfqfdf pbfªluPsf] 5 . ;'b"/ klZrdf~rn / dWo klZrdf~rnlt/ k|rlnt ef/tx?df hgtfsf 5f]/fx?n] b]vfPsf] k/fqmd / gf/Lsf] ;fx; k|blz{t ePsf] kfOG5 . hxfF;Dd lnlvt ;flxTosf] s'/f 5 To;df ;'? ;'?df cg'jfbaf6 g]kfnLdf gf6s n]vg k|f/De eof] . zlSt jNne cHof{nåf/f cfˆg} ;+:s[t gf6saf6 cg'jfb ul/Psf] …xf:osbDaÚ-!*%%lt/_ / ejfgL bQ kf08]åf/f cg"lbt ljzfv bQsf] ;+:s[t gf6ssf] g]kfnL ¿kfGt/ …d'b|f/fIf;Ú-!*(@cufj}_ gf6ssf ¿kdf geP klg j0f{gfTds s[ltsf ¿kdf g]kfnLdf b]vf k/] . g]kfnL gf6ss} :j¿kdf t df]tL/fd e6\6sf] …zfs'GtnÚ -!($$—!($* /rgf sfn_ n] g} klxnf]  g]kfnL gf6s sxnfpg] cj;/ kfof] . lj=;+= !(^)sf] bzsdf kxndfg l;+x :jf/sf] …c6n axfb'/Ú -!(^#_ b]vf k/]kl5 zf;sx?sf] cfnf]rgf k|f/De eof] / k|sf/fGt/n] /f0ffx?k|lt g} ;f] cfnf]rgf nlIft x'g k'Uof] . afns[i0f ;dn] df}lns ;fdflhs gf6sx?sf] k|f/De u/]/  pQ/jtL{ gf6sx?sf] hu lgdf{0fdf ljlzi6 of]ubfg u/] . lj=;+= !(*^ df pgsf] …d'6'sf] JoyfÚ gf6s k|sflzt ePsf] lyof] . o;} qmddf uf]kfn k|;fb l/dfnsf] …d;fgÚ -@))#_ h:tf] gf6s gf/L ;d:ofsf] ;zSt k|:t'ltsf ;fy b]vf k¥of] . l/dfnsf gf6sx? k|ultzLn b[li6n] klg cWoogLo 5g\ . oxL k[i7e"lddf lj=;+= @))& ;fnkl5 g]kfnL ;flxTodf k|ultzLn gf6sx? n]lvg yfn]sf x'g\ .

@= pb\ej / ljsf;

      g]kfnL k|ultzLn gf6ssf] k|f/De ug]{ >]o ljho dNnnfO{ hfG5 / pgsf]  …ax'nf sfhLsf] ;kgfÚ-@))$df d~rg_ klxnf] k|ultzLn gf6s xf] eGg] wf/0ff  5 -leS6/ k|wfgaf6 k|fKt hfgsf/L_ . dNnn] To;df Ps lgDg juL{o rl/qsf] ;kgf k|:t't ub}{ sfhL kfqsf d'vaf6 ;kgfsf afws lj?4 hfO nfUg] / O{Zj/ g} afws eP klg k|lt/f]wdf pqg] c7f]6 JoSt u/]sf 5g\ . o;/L g} jf;' kf;fsf] …ls;fg xf]Ú -@))*_ gf6snfO{ klxnf] k|ultjfbL  gf6ssf ¿kdf l:jsfg]{ ul/Psf] 5 -e6\6/fO{,@)%(M!! . o;df ;fdGtL zf]if0f / To; zf]if0fsf lj/f]wdf ls;fg ;ª\\3if{ / cGtdf ;fdGtdfly hgtfsf] ljhonfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . o;df hhn] ;d]t hgtfsf kIfdf Gofo lbPsf 5g\ / hgtf v';Lsf ;fy uLt ufpFb} lxF8]sf] kfOG5 . o; gf6ssf] d~rg b]zsf ljleGg efudf ePsf] kfOG5 .

        …uªufnfnsf] lrtfÚ -@)!!_ g]kfnL k|ultzLn gf6ssf If]qdf rlr{t csf]{ gf6\os[lt xf] . o;df /x]sf PsfªsLx?dWo] …uª\ufnfnsf] lrtfÚ df :jo+ uª\ufnfn / k'iknfn h:tf g]kfnL sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf cu'jf g} kfqsf ¿kdf /x]sf 5g\ . oxfF /x]sf …d?e"ldsf n]vsÚ, pgsf] d'/fbÚ, …af]D;L ag]/Ú, …dflg;sf] :g]xÚ, …gfoj /fO6/Ú h:tf Psfª\sLx? klg k|ultzLn ljrf/n] cf]tk|f]t 5g\ . /f0ff zf;gsf] lj/f]wdf Hofg ck{0f ug]{ uª\ufnfnsf ;fy} b'Mvsf] cfxfndf 8'a]sf n]vssf cleJolSt, lbNnL ;Demf}tfsf] lj/f]w, gf/L ;d:of / 3';lk; lj/f]wL lrGtgn] oL gf6s ;dfhsf nflu d"Nojfg\ /x] / ljleGg 7fpFdf  dl~rt klg eP . …uª\ufnfnsf] lrtfÚ sf] d~rg x'Fbf s}og\ 7fpFdf k~rfot sfnLg k|zf;gn] cftª\s dRrfPsf 36gfx? klg ;fj{hlgs ePs} 5g\ .

      nIdL k|;fb b]jsf]6fsf] …s[lifafnfÚ-@)!)_ k|ultzLn uLlt gf6ssf] ;'Gb/ gd'gf ag]sf] 5 . ls;fgx?nfO{ ;fdGtn] ug]{ lyrf]ldrf], zf]if0f, ckx/0f, of}ghGo ck/fw / To;sf lj/f]wdf o'jfo'jtL / :yfgLo hgtfn] u/]sf] ;ª\3if{sf] o;df j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 . ls;fgx?nfO{ Ps 8Nnf] kf/]/ ;fdGtsf lj/f]wdf ptfg]{ b]jsf]6fn] kfq cg's"nsf] efiff k|of]u, uLt, gfr / sljtfsf] ;d]t o; uLlt gf6sdf k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ .

      e"kL z]/rgsf] …kl/jt{gÚ -@)!#_ gf6s k|ultzLn gf6ssf ¿kdf rlr{t 5 . pgL e"k]Gb| dfg …;j{xf/fÚ sf ¿kdf jfd cfGbf]ngdf ;lqmo /xFbf of] gf6s k|sfzgdf cfPsf] kfOG5 .

      df]bgfy k|l>t k|ultzLn gf6ssf If]qdf ljlzi6 k|ltefsf ?kdf lj=;+= @)@& lt/ b]vf k/] . gf6ssf] n]vgdf dfq geO{ d~rgdf klg cfkm} plqg] Ifdtf ePsf k|l>tn] a'l4 axfb'/ ysfnL / /fd k|;fb …k|bLkÚ ;Fu /]lnd} ;fF:s[lts d08n, a'6andf ;xsfo{ ub}{ …krf; ?lkofFsf] td;'sÚ -@)@&_ gf6s g]kfn / ef/tsf ljleGg ;Yfgdf d~rg u/fP . ctofrf/L ;fdGtsf lj/f]wdf ;zSt lsf;fg ;ª3if{ u/fO{ ls;fgx?sf] ljho b]vfOPsf] of] gf6s cToGt rlr{t / nf]slk|o /x\of] . ljleGg uLtx? ;d]tsf] pkof]u ul/Psf] o; gf6sn] k~rfot lj/f]wL cfFwL a]x/L l;h{gf ug{ ljlzi6 e"ldsf v]Nof] .

     k|l>tsf] cfdfsf] sfvdfÚ -@)##_ PsfªsL gf6sn] ju{ lj/f]wLx?n] kxf8L / dw];L hgtfsf lardf j}dg:o pTkGg u/L s;/L cGtlj{/f]w l;h{gf u5{g\ / k|ltlqmofjfbL ;/sf/n] To; if8\oGqdf s;/L dnhn xfN5 eGg] s'/fsf ;fy} To:tf if8\ofGqsf] kbf{kmf; ug{ r]tgzLn / ;ªul7t ;d"x ;Ifd 5 eGg] ;Gb]z lbPsf] 5 . o; gf6ssf bfx|jfnn] nNn' / sfG5fnfO{ jf:tljs s'/f a'emfP/ qmflGtsf/Ldf ?kfGt/0f ul/ lbPsf 5g\ .

     k|l>ts} …;kgfx? pkxf/ b]znfO{Ú -@)$(_ k|sflzt 5 . d~rgsf qmddf Clif e'iffn, /fd k|;fb …k|bLkÚ / ljho kf}8]n ;d]tn] b[zox? yKt} nuL rf/ cª\saf6 gf} cª\s k'¥ofPsf] of] gf6s k~rfotL zf;g / hgtfsf d'lStsf lglDt n8\g] Ps qmflGqsf/lsf] lu/ˆtf/L, cg]sg nf]e k|nf]eg lj?4 b[9tf, d[to'b08 t/ gun]/ ;kgfx? b]znfO{ ;'DkL d[To'j/0f u/]sf] syfdf cfwfl/t 5 . alnbfg lkmNd o;}af6 lgdf{0f ePsf] kfOG5 .

     k|l>tn] …dGqLhLÚ -@)%!_ n3' gf6s klg n]v]sf 5g\ . @)$^ sf] kl/jt{g kl5 ag]sf] sfFu|];L ;/sf/sf dGqLsf] o;df rl/q lrq0f ul/Psf] 5 . b]zsf ;fwg ;|f]tsf] a]rlavg, u'08fx?sf] kl/rfng, lj:tf/jfb / ;fd|fHOjfbsf] ;]jf, of}g b'/frf/ cflbsf kl5 nfu]/ /fli6«otf, k|hftGq / ;dfhjfbsf] gf/fdf wld/f]nuifpg] s'nfª\uf/ sf ?kdf pgnfO{ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . ef/tLo lj:tf/jfbsf bnfnsf ?kdf b]zsf pBf]u wGwf sf}8Lsf df]ndf a]Rg] / k|fs[lts ;fwg;|f]t ef/tnfO[ ;DkGg] k|j[lQsf] lj/f]w ul/Psf] 5 .

     …a'4 / r08fn o'jtLÚ -    - k|l>tsf] ;a}eGbf kl5Nnf] gf6s xf] . hftLo lje]bsf] cGTosf lglDt :jo+ a'4nfO{ clu ;f/]/ k|bz{g ul/Psf] of] gf6s cGt/f{li6«o hgut\df klg k|bz{g eO{;s]sf] 5 . dfgjtfjfbL efjgfsf] pgn] o;df hu]gf{ u/]sf 5g\ .

^_ /fd k|;fb …k|bLkÚ g]kfnL k|ultzLn gf6sdf csf]{ dxTjk"0f{ gfpF xf] . …krf/ ?lkofFsf] td;'sÚ -@)@*_ sf Ps n]vssf ?kdf tyf …d'n's leqÚ -@)#)_ gf6ssf ;|i6fsf ?kdf pgL kl/lrt 5g\ . k~rfotL sfndf ;'s'daf;Lx?dfly ul/g] zf]if0f / ctofrf/sf] o;df k|ltsf/ 5 . o; gf6sn] lgdg juL{o hgtfdf k~rfot lj/f]wL r]tgf 5g]{ sfd u/]sf] 5 . jf:tljs ;'s'af;LnfO{ geO{ k};f / ;f];{km];{sf e/df hUuf afFl8g] / jf:tljs ;'s'daf;Ln] uf]nL vfg] tyf dlxnfx? dfly xftkft ul/g] k|j[lQsf] o;df pTvgg ul/Psf] 5 .

&_ a'l4 axfb'/ ysfnL g]kfnL k|ultzLn gf6sdf lal;{g gx'g] gfpF xf] …krf; ?lkofFsf] td;'sÚ -@)@*_ sf Ps of]ubfgstf{ ysfnL ]lndfO{ ;fF:s[lts d08n, a'6jnsf Ps cu'jf x'g\ . pgsf] lj=;+= @)#$ _ clu n]lvPsf] gf6s …nfx'/ hfg] wf]sf]Ú -@)%$_ k|sflzt 5 . o;df pgn] nfx'/ hfg]sf] 3/df ;fdGtn] kf/]sf] lalNaf7sf] aofg u/]sf 5g\ . nfx'/ uPsf] wg] 3/ kmsL{ jf:tfljs l:ylt a'em]kl5 cfGbf]ngdf ;+nUg ePsf] s'/f oxfF kfOG5 .

*_ df]gfy zf:qLsf …xfd|f] nIoÚ -@)#)_ …sf/vfgf hf]ufcf}FÚ, uf]kL p4j ldng -@)%^_ / /f;nLnf /fh;Qf -@)%^_ cflb gf6sx? k|sflzt 5g\ . ju{ ;ª\3if{sf ;fy} ;dfhsf] ljsf; s|dnfO{ gf6sLos/0f u/]/ zf:qLn] ;dfh kl/jt{gnfO{ nIo agfO{ gf6s n]v]sf] kfOG5 . d~rgeGbf kf7\o gf6ssf ?kdf oL pNn]Vo 5g\ .

(_ b]zeSt vgfnsf] …uf]vf{ etL{ /f]8Ú @)@* df d~rL ePsf] 5 . a"Fb /fgfsf] …h'g"Ú -@)#)_ PsfªsL gf6s k|sflzt 5 . o; n3' PsfªsLdf hDdf ^ j6f b[Zo 5g\ . csf{sL ljwjf a'xf/LnfO{ e'F8L af]sfpg], h'g"dfly xftkft ug]{ / lbPsf] eGbf a9L C0f c;'n ug]{ ;fx'dfly hg sf/afxL ul/Psf] s'/f o;df ul0f{t 5 . ;fx'sf hfnL td;'sdf cfuf] nufpg] / km6fxf df:g] gf/f ;lxt h'n' ;lxt gf/ nufOPsf] 5 .

!)_ df]xg ljs|d l;+xsf …ou af]N5Ú -@)#$_, …afx| dO{Ú _@)$^_ / qmflGt lsg x'Gg <Ú gf6sx? k|sflzg 5g\ . dhb'/ ju{sf] ;ª\3if{af6 k'FhLjfbL ;QfnfO{ kmfNg ;lsG5 eGg] pb3f]if …o'u af]N5Ú df kfOG5 . ;j{xf/f ju{sf] ptyfgnfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ o; gf6ssf] n]gb ul/Psf] 5 . …afx| dO{Ú n] clvn ef/t g]kfnL Pstf ;dfhn] ef/tdf u/]sf] ;ª\u7g / ;ª\3if{, lu/ˆtf/L, lj/f]w cflbsf] j0f{g u/]sf] 5 . ef/tdf ul/g] g]kfnLx?sf] zf]if0f / ckdfgsf] lj/f]wdf g]kfnLx? s;/L ;ª\3if{ ub}{ 5g\ eGg] hfgsf/L o;df kfOG5 . k'?if / gf/l b'a} k|sf/sf kfqx?sf] k|of]u ltgdf ePsf] 5 . /lStd ;fF:s[lt cleofgsf t]x|j6f ult, uLtsf ;fydf g[To / k|jrgsf] klg oxfF k|of]u ePsf] 5 . …qmflGt lsg x'Gg<Ú df sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngdf b]vf k/]sf] ljs[lt, lj;ª\ult, qmflGtsf/Lx?df b]vf kg]{ knfot, g}/fZo, lglis|otf / cfTd ;dk{0fsf] j0f[g 5 . vf; u/L o'jf ju{df lax]kl5 knfog x'g], >LdtL / :jfy{df lnKt x'g] k|j[lQsf] cfnf]rgf ub}{ c;n rl/q lgdf{0f u/L qmflGt ;DkGg ug]{ pgsf] ceLi6 o;df kfOG5 .

!!_ sdfg l;+x nfdfsf] …xfdL ufpF 5f8\b}gf}FÚ -@)#$_ df hldgbf/n] 3/huuf x8k]/ pl7af; nufpg vf]Hbf ufpF g5f8]/ zf]if0f lj?4 ToxL 86\g] c7f]6 ul/Psf] gf6s xf] . u|fdL0f efifdf ;+jfb / d~rgsf b[li6n] pko'St gf6ssf ?kdf of] rlr{t 5 .

!@_ lbjfs/ kf7ssf] …bl/nf] cfF6Ú -@)#$_ / zzL ls/0fsf] …k'/]t afh] klg hfF8 vfG5g\ -@)#$_ s|dz M cgofoL k|wfg k~rsf lj?4 c;of]u cfGbf]ng / hfF8, /S;L, s'v'/f / ;'Fu'/ :jfxf kfg]{ 9f]FuL kl08tdfly Joª\Uo ul/Psf] 5 . zf]if0f / ljs[ltsf lj/f]wdf oL gf6s k/]sf 5g\ .

!#_ Zofd tdf]6sf …dlxnf d'lStÚ -@)#^ / …emu8fÚ @)$!_ Psfª\sLsf ?kdf k|sflzt 5g\ . gf/L ;d:of / kfl/jfl/s ;d:ofsf] lrq0f ;lxt gf/L d'lStsf nflu juL{o d'lStsf] cfjZostf jf]w u/fpg] sfd pgn] u/]sf 5g\ .

!$_ /fogsf …l;DdfÚ -@)#*_ / …sxfnLÚ -@)$*_ uLlt gf6\osf ?kdf /x]sf 5g\ . …l;DdfÚ n] /fhwfgLsf bz{sx?dfem k|blz{t x'g] cj;/ kfPsf] lyof] / bz{sx?n] o;k|lt dfof klg b]vfPsf lyP . b]zleq sfd gkfP/ k/b]z hfg' kg]{ cj:yf, b]zleqsf] zf]if0fn] kfg]{ k|efj / ljb]zdf ef]Ug' kg]{ vKsL / ckdfgsf] kbf{kmf; o;n] u/]sf] 5 . b]zleq kl/jt{g gcfO{ b'MvL ul/agsf lbg cfpb}gg\ egg] ;Gb]z o;n] k|jflxt u/]sf] 5 . nfx'/]sf] kL8f, ;fx'x?sf] HofhtL, qmflGtsf] ckl/xfo{tf o;sf cGto{sf ?kdf /x]sf 5g\ .

!$,s_ dfwj k|wfg …hj alxgL lapFemLl5g -@)#* df dlGrt nfx'/]sf] alxgLn]] ufpF -*_ lbzfaf]w, -@)#*_ o''jf dlxnf ;lxb -@)$*_

–     /d]z ljsnsf] …;Kt/ª\uÚ -@)#(_ df ;ª\slnt bf];|f] k':tsdf dflns / dhb'/sf] ;ª\3if{ . dhb'/sf] ;ª\3if{ / d[to' . alnbfaf6 pknlAw ljsnsf] …;ft y'Fuf -@)#&_ df ljlegg afn gf6s ;ª\slnt 5g\ . h;df afnsdf cfF6 g}ltstf ;xof]uL efjgfsf] ljsf; u/fOPsf] 5 .

!%_ pbo zdf{ cyf{t\ d's'Gb Gof}kfg] g]kfnL k|ultzLn uLlt gf6sdf dxTjk"0f{ gfpF xf] . pgsf l;Gw'nLsf] Joyf -@)$)_ pb\3f]if -@)$!_ …cfdfÚ @)#(_, km"naf/Lsf] syf xjfO{ Joyf -@)$#_ / …b]zeSt l;kfxLÚ n] ;fx' jfhldgbf/sf] lk/nf] vKg g;sL ljb]l;g ljjz g]kfnL ;d:ofnfO{ k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . ef/tdf g]kfnLx?n] kfPsf] b'Mvsf] j0f[g ;lxt g]kfnL ;dfhdf hfu/0f NofO{ kl/jt{g u/fpg] p2]Zo /x]sf] o; gf6snfO{ ljleGg nf]snon] zlSt k\bfg u/]sf 5g\ . …km"naf/Lsf] syf xjfO{sf] JoyfÚ klg pgsf] cToGt rrf[df /x]sf] nf]s gf6s xf] . b]zdf nfu]sf] C0fsf sf/0f lab]l;g] g]kfnLx?n] kfPsf] ;f:tL, ljb]zdf klg ;d:ofu|:t hLjg / :jb]z cfudg, ef8fsf l;kfxLsf syfJoyf y/L y/Lsf nf]snodf JoSt x'g k'u]sf] 5 . oi; uLlt gf6sdf . pgsf cGo gf6sx?df klg hgtfsf Joyf / qmflGtsf/Lx?sf uh{g ljwdfg 5g\ . dlv vf]nfsf] af9Ldf 6f]nfpb} pgn] l;Gw'nlsf Joyf n]v]sf lyP . ;jeGbf kl5Nnf uLlt gf6ssf ?kdf k|sflzt …3fOt] df dfcf]jfbL cftª\s / zflGtsf] rfxgf cleJoSt 5 . 3fOt] eP/ hª\un k'u]sf] l;kfxLsf] dg kl/jt{g u/]/ ufpFnfO{ a:g nfos agfpg] / a:tLdf zflGt 5g]{ p2]zo o;df cGtlg{lxt 5 .

!^_ lbn ;xgLsf …hgtfsf] zq'Ú -@)#(_ / Hofnf -@)$)_ odsf] cbfnt -@)$*_ b'Oj6f gf6s k|sflzt 5g\ . >lds hgtf / ltgsf zq'sf larsf] cGtlj{/f]w … hgtfsf] zq'Ú df k|:t't 5 . lg/ªs'z Joj:yfdf hgtfsf zqw'x?n] s] s/t't uy]{ eGg] s'/f pgn] k|:6\ofPsf 5g\ / ltgsf lj?4 hgdt l;h{gf ug][ sfd u/]sf 5g\ . pbo h:tf qmflGtsf/L o'jfsf] phf{ k|of]u u/L hgtfsf zq'nfO{ tx nufpg] pgsf] ;f]rfO{ 5 . …HofnfÚ df dhb'/ dflysf] ptkL8gsf] j0f{g 5 . ;]7 uf]ljGb / dhb'/x? jL/axfb'/, 1fg l;+x h:tf rl/q v8f u/]/ dhb'/ Pstf / hfu/0fsf] :j/ ;';]lnPsf] 5 . odsf] cbfnt df /fhaGbL /fi6«jfbL / Gofok|]dL 5 / od/fh, odb"t, lrqu'Kt / k|wfg k~rsf] aftf{ .

!&_ z/b kf}8]nsf …ef]sf nf;x?Ú -@)#*_ , …l;Gb/ hn]kl5Ú -@)$)_, …e"ldsfÚ -@)$@_, d]rL dxfsfnL Ps;k|];Ú, -@)%#_, …a'xf/LÚ, …;8sÚ -@)%*, cWof/f] pHofnf] -@)%&_, …sfOt] g+= !&Ú …dGqLsf] s's'/Ú h:tf Psfª\sL / gf6sx? l;h{gf u/]sf] hgfsf/L pknAw 5 . oL Psfª\sLx?df k~rfotL pTkL8g la?4sf] ef]sfgfªu hgtfsf] ;ª\3if{, ;'s'daf;L a:tLx?df ePsf] HobtL lj?4sf] cfGbf]ng, qmflGtsf/L 5f/Ln] afa'sf] lrGtg km]g{ u/]sf] k|oTg, ef/tLo HofbtL / ef/tsf] bnfnL ug]{ dGqL lj?4 hg;F:s[ltsf] kIfkf]if0f lgbf]{if hgtfnfO{ cftª\ssf/L ;+1f lbO{ ul/g] xtofsf] lj/f]w, k|jL0f u'?ªsf] xTof k|s/0f, dxfsfnL ;lGw h:tf ljifoa:t' ;d]l6Psf 5g\ , n3' cfsf/sf z/b\sf gf6s d~rg ;d]t eO;s]sf 5g\ . a:t' / ?ksf] tf/tDo ldn]sf n3' gf6ssf ?kdf oL /x]sf 5g\ .

!*_ g/gfy n'OF6]nsf] …t'Fjfnf] kmf6\b}5Ú -@)$)_ ;fdGt ju{sf k|ltlglwx?nfO{ b]ze/ em'sfPkl5 t'Fjfnf] kmf6\g] ;Gb]z, o'jfsf] k/b]z udg, lktfsf] d[to', ljkb pTkL8gsf lj/f]wdf ;ª\3if{

!(_ vu]Gb| ;+u|f}nfsf eljiosf] vf]hLdf -@)$@_, …kmfF6]sf] nFuf}6L 6fn]sf] 6f]kLÚ -@)$#_ / ;dosf] :kGbgÚ @)%! gf6sx? k|sflzt 5g\ . oL gf6sdf k~rfot sfndf SofDk;df d08n] ljBfyL{ / clvnsf ljBfyL{x? larsf] åGå / ;ª\3if{, SofDk; k|d'vn] d08n]nfO{ ;fy ;fy lbFbf clvnsf] x8\tfnsf sf/0f /fhLgfdf lbg' k/]sf] cj:yf, d08n]x?sf] s's[to / Tosf lj?4 ;To / Gofosf kifkftL clvnsf] ljho x'g] ;Gb]z oxfF 5 . ;+u|f]nfn] xf:o gf6s l;h{gf u/]/ k~rfotL /fi6x«jfb / Go;n] eGg] u/]sf] ljsf;nfO[ …kmf6]sf] nFuf}6L 6fn]sf] 6f]kLÚ sf] ?kdf x]/]sf 5g\ . k|hftGq cfPkl5 klg qmflGqsf/LnfO{ h]n, ;lxbsf] ckdfg, sDo'lg:6 rl/qsf] ktg, e"ldut sfo{stf{sf] a]jf:tf tyf dxn / kh]/f]sf] df]hdhf b]v]/ pgn] ltgsf lj?4 k|xf/ u/]sf 5g\ .

@)_ clUglzvfn] g]kfnL k|ultzLn gf6snfO{ …OHhtÚ -@)$#_, …pm km]l/ cfpg] 5Ú-;xn]vg, @)$#_, …;lxbsL cfdÚ-@)$%_, uLlt gf6s ;'dk]sf 5g\ gf/Lk|ltsf] ;fdGtL / k'FhLjfbL b[li6sf]0f, k};fsf lglDt dlxnfsf] a]rljvg, dlxnf d'lStsf nflu ;fdGtL ;+/rgfsf] cGTo OHht gf6ssf] ljifo j:tf' xf] . …pm km]l/ cfpg] 5Ú gf6sdf lyrf] ldrf]n] ubf{ ufpF 7fpm ljjz /fd axfb'/ / h'7] ;ª\3if{ / qmflGtkl5 ;fdGt jfbsf] ;dflKt kZrft\ zf]if0faf6 d'St x'g] ;Gb]z /x]sf] 5 . …;lxbsL cfdfÚ emfkf lhNnfdf ;lxb ePsf] nIdL kf08]sf] hLjgdf cfwfl/t 5 . ;lxbsf] /ut v]/ ghfg] / ;lxbsL cfdf b]zs} ;lxb ePsf] lgSof]{n .

@!_ zfb'{n e6\6/fO{sf ljleGg PsfªsL gf6sx? k|sflzt 5g\ . …cfFwLÚ -@)$#_, …cfx'ltÚ -@)$#_, …lhpbf] k/flht dfG5]Ú -@)$$_, …hLtnfnsf] vfd;efÚ -@)$%_, …/ftf] em08f /ftf] 3fdÚ -@)$&_ …gofoÚ -@)%@_, …cof/fd uof/fdÚ -@)%#_ …lgjf{lË 9f]FuÚ-@)%#, qmdz M xfdL x'g] 5f}F Ú -@)%# …ufpF vfg] syfÚ, -@)%^_…e¥ofª\Ú -@)%%_, …afF;'/L cftª\sÚ -@)%&_, …g]tfef]sÚ -@)%*_ …d[to'qmdÚ _@)%*_, ck/fw b08Ú _@)%(_ pgsf k|sflzt gf6\os[lt x'g\ . k|ultjfbL if]qsf k|of]uzLn Psfª\sLx? . @)!^ kl5 b]zdf + b]zdf a0\b} uPsf] qmflGqsf/L kl/jt{, To;af6 l;lh{t qmflGq, jlnbfg / pt;fxsf] jftfj/0f .

–k~rfotsfndf r'gfa lhTg e\i6x?n] of]hgf agfpg] / 5Sofpg] . k~rfotk|lt lj/f]w / w[0f

–…/ftf] 3fdÚ–sfJo gf6s . ;lxbsf] alnbfg / ufyfsf] :d/0faf6 /ftf] 3fd cfpg] . rl/qx? ou !,@,#,$,%, s]6f] !,@

…– cof/fd uof/fdÚ df kf6L{ kmj]b}{ lx8Fg] k|a[lQdf k|xf/

–… g]tfef]sÚ g]tfdf cfPsf] :jfyL{kgf / ;QflnKt

– lgjf{Ë9f]Ë – sDo'lg:6dfcfPsf] kfv08Lkgf

–ck/fw b08 – ;Qfsf cf8df hgtfsf] xTof ug]{ k|s/0f / To;sf] nfl5kgf

–     qmdz M xfdL x'g] 5fF} – dfd qmflGqsf/Lx?] ;lxbsf] /ut k':tsdf g]tf / ;lxbsf] alnbfgnfO[ wf]sf lbg g;Sg] .

–     d[toqmdf ;dfGtjfbL k|a[lQsf] lj/f]w / ;ª\3i

–     ufpF vfg] syf df k\hftGq cfpkl5 klg alnbfg x'g' kg]{ cj:yf

–     afF;'/L cftª\s df k\x/Lsf] cftª\s / bdg

–     kx]Fnf cfFvf kx]nf cfFvfx? df k~rfot k'g M kms]{sf] lrq0f

;'wf lqkf7Lsf] …cj]/ guf/f}FÚ -@)$%_ lgMZjf;sf u'h'N6fx?Ú -@)%&_, …pgL kmls{b}gg\ ls < …cj]/ gu/f}FÚ …bf]efgÚ, Ift ljIft d'6'x?Ú, bf]iLsf] <

Psfª\sL – gf/L ;ª\3if{, gf/Ldfly x'g] ptkL8g, / kL8f . gf/Lk|ltsf] cltzo efj'stf / ;+j]bgf

vu]Gb] l;6f}nfsf af}nfxL lbbLsf] cw'/f] ltxf/_@)$&_, …/ftf] tf/f rlDsPkl5Ú -@)$&_ / …cfwf lIflth prfNg] xftx?Ú -@)$*_gf6sx? k|sflzt 5g\ . emf]8fdf k~rfotsfndf ePsf] zf]if0f, cTofrf/sf] lrq0f, ;'s'daf;L ls;fgsf] ;ª\3if{sf] syf . bdg, u'Ktjf;, sf/fjf;. @)$^ ;fnsf] kl/jt[g;Fu ;DalGwt, qmflGqsf] ckl/xfo{tf, juL{o d'lSt;Fu hftLo d'lSt x'g] ;"rgf, g]kfnsf] k"jL{ efusf] kl/j]z . …cfwf lIflth prfNg]xf?Ú df gf/L ;d:of, gf/Ldflysf] pTkL8g / e]bgefjsf] cGTo . gf6sLo snfdf lkntf .

dLg k|;fb ;xfosf] …3fOt] ;kgfÚ -@)$*_ . gf/Ldflysf] zf]if0f / n}jª\lus lje]bsf] cGTosf] rfxgf .

8Da/ kxf8Lsf] …gem's]sf] :jfledfgÚ -@)%)_ . sDo'lgi6 sfo{stf{n] e"ldut sfndf ug]{ sfd, kf6L{k|ltsf] lgi7f, sDo'lgi6 :jfledfg gem'Sg] . lznk / ;+/rgf pTs[i6 . hLjg zdf{sf] …7'nLÚ @)%!_ , …k"hf / gfnfkfgL b]lv sfnfkfgL ;DdÚ gf6sx? k|sflzt . k~rfot sfnLg cTofrf/, ;fdGtL ;+:sf/ / hftkftsf] lj/f]w, ;L=8L,cf]=sf] HofhtL / k~rx?;Fu ltgsf] ;fF7ufF7m ax'bn cfpkl5 klg ltgbn] lbPsf] kL8f tyf To; la?4 n8fOFsf] j0f{g . ;]t] / 7'nLsf] cGt/ hftLo ljjfx, ufpF5f8L nfx'/ uPsf] ;Gbe, 7'nLsf] lu/ˆtf/L, sfl:d/sf] hËnsf] n8fOF / ;]t]df pTkg :jb]z k|]d, ;]t] d/]sf] va/, 7?nLdf r'/f / kf]t] kmflng', ;]t] cfpg', ;a} ldnL qmflgtsf nflu trof/, k|x/L;Fu d'7e]6 . nofTds ‰ofp/] / cgo uLt . ax'bnLo Joj:yfdf klg ;fdGtjfb hLljt /x]sf] cleJoflSt .

…gfnfkfgLb]lv sfnfkfgL;DdÚ df /fli6«otf / jL/tfsf] cleJolSt . gfnfkfgLsf] Oltxf; / sfnfkfgLsf] k;ªu . gfnfkfgLdf b]vfPsf] jL/tf sfnfkdfgLdf b]vfpg cfx\jfg .

ljho rfln;]sf] …afbnsf a'§fx?Ú -@)%@_ df j}1dlgsx?df hLjgLdf cfwfl/t, dfgjLo efjgf, gfdsf kbdf afngf6s n]vg

zf/b kf}8]nsf] …a'xf/LÚ -@)%#Ú lkt[;QfTds ;dfhdf gf/Ln] ;f;", hF8\ofxf nf]Ug], efO{a'xf/L cflbaf6 kgpg] k|tf8gf . 3/ / dfOtdf pk]Iff .

cfx'ltsf] …cFWof/f]df 56k6fPsfx?Ú n3'uLlt gf6s xf] . ul/a kl/jf/sf b'Mv / jbgf . kl/>dL ls;fgx? d'lStsf nflu n8\g' kg]{ ;Gb]z . dxlnf / k'?if b'a} ;fdGtL cTofrf/ lj?4 ;ª\3if{zLn .

ljdn rf}w/Lsf] …a:tL km]l/FbfÚ gf6sdf k~rfotsfnsf] u|fdL0f ;dfh, k~rfx?sf] bdg / hgtfdf pbfpFbf] r]tgfsf] lrq0f 5 . cgdltsf] cfd;efsf] tof/L, ul/aL / pTkL8g lj?4df hfu/0f, cfd;efdf k\x/L bdg / k|lt/f]w qmflGqsf/L ultljlwaf6 a;tLdf kl/jt{g / k|effj

s]zj g]kfnsf] …h]n tf]l8of]Ú -@)%$_ gf6s 5 . sDo'lg:6 kf6Ls{sf] ;ª\u7g / sfo{qd d'vo ljifo . kf6L{ / qflGtk|lt u2f/L ug]{x?sf] kf6L{ k|j]z / ;dr]t sfo{stf{sf] k|lt/f]w, h]n tf]8\g] qfmlGtsf/Lsf] j0f{g . snf kIf sdhf]/ . pgsf] …ul/asf] cfafhÚ klg k|sflzt

kfl/hftsf] …Pshf]8L cGt/fnÚ -@)%^_ k|ultzLn gf6ssf ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . ;fdGtL / kF'hLjfbL lrGtgn] ;dfhdf tof/sf] v/faLnfO{ lg/:s[t ug]{ ;Gb]z o;df /x]sf] 5 .

/0f]Gb| a/fnLsf] …cfˆg} JoyfÚ -@)%^ gf6s k|sflzt . 5'jf5't lj?4 blnt ;d'bfodf ljsl;t r]tgf . juL{o d'lSt;Fu} hftLo d'lSt ;Dej .

zf/bf /d0f g]kfndf …xfd|f] cleofgÚ -@)%*_ / …vnfFtL afh]Ú -@)%*_ afn PsfªsL ;ª\u|x k|sflzt 5g\ . afnsx?df unt ;+:s[ltsf lj?4 r]tgf hufpg], 5'jf5't lj/f]wL efjgfsf] ljsf; u/fpg], z}lIs if]qdf ljs[lt x6fpg], ;+:s[lts ;'wf/ ug]{ b[li6sf]0f pko'St 5g\ .

lji0f'eSt km'Fofnsf] …afWotfÚ -@)%(_ leq ;dfljii6 /x]sf gf6sx? x'g\ …bf]ifL sf]Ú …afWotfÚ, …k|ltef,Ú …ljsNk vf]OÚ, …hLjg lbg] cfdf,Ú …sf]lknfsf] qmGbgÚ, …jfrfÚ, …zflGtb"tÚ, …Pstfsf] kmnÚ, / …xft nfUof] z"GoÚ . logsf cltl/St …;Gtfgsf] eljioÚ -@)%*_, s] oxL xf] k\hftGq<Ú, @)%(_, dfG5]leq dfG5]sf] vf]hLÚ …ck/fwL sf] <Ú, …cleefjsf] bflotj…, ,…/ysf b'O{ kfª\u|f, …9fs|] Ho]i7 gful/sÚ, …bf]ifL sf]<Ú, b'3{6gf /lxt ;'/Lift ;8sÚ …kZrftfkÚ klg pg}sf gf6s x'g\ . ufpFsf 7'nf 7fn'sf] zf]if0f / pTofrf/, ;x/df afn dhb'/ pk/sf] zf]if0f / cGofo, …r]nLa]6L a]rlavg / P8\;sf] ;ªs|d0f, …b'Jo{;gÚ…blnt / ckfª\u k|ltefsf] pggltÚ Ho]i7 gful/ssf] pk]Iff, e|i6frf/, zflGt / /fli6«otf, ;8s b'3[6gf, , :jf:Yo, un}frf sf/vfgfdf b]vf kg]{ ljs[lt :jfy{df 8'j]sf] ;/sf/, g]tf / sd{rf/L / Jofkf/L .

k'ik cfrfoPsf …g]kfn uof] elGbg" x}Ú -@)%*_ df kfFrj6f gf6s / d}gf @)^#_ df & jj6f gf6s …clGtd nf;Ú @)^#_ df kfFrj6f . ===sf] ;"o{ @)^%_ ====

zªs/ b]jsf]6fsf] …cfzfÚ -@)%(_ uLlt gf6sn] k|hftGq cfPkl5 klg hgtfsf] cfzf cw'/f} /x]sf] / ljs[lt a9]sf] tYodf k|sfz kfb}{ hgtfsf g]tfnfO[ :jfy{ / e\i6frf/af6 6f9f /xg ;fawfgL u/]sf] 5 .

dl0f yfkdfsf] …kmf]sNofG8sf] o'4df, …d'bf{jfbdf n]vPsf kvf{nx?Ú e"sDkn] lylrPsf a:tLx?Ú ;ft y'Fuf Psfª=sL dl~rt ePsf] kfOG5 .

pko'{St gf6ssf cltl/St dfwj k\wfg, pbo >]i7, ls/0f pk|]lt ljj]s pbo, s[i0f Anf]g, /ljsls/0f lghL{t, xl/x/ vgfn, b]jhª\u zfxL, dx]Gb| k|;fb lu/L, k|]d b]z lu/L, cfzfsfhL >]i7, v]d yklnof cflbsf k|ultzLn gf6sx? klg dl~rt x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ .

#+ k|a[lQ

g]kfnL k|ultzLn gf6s? k"0f{ªsL / Psfª\sL b'J] ?kdf pknA3 5g\ . ;ªVofTds lx;fadf PsfªsLx? g} a9fL /x]sf] b]vG5 . tL uB gf6s / uLlt gf6ssf ?kdf ljeflht x'g ;S5g\ . g]kfnL k|ultzLn gf6sdf afn gf6sx? klg n]lvPsf 5g\ . oL gf6sdf afn gf6sx? klg n]lvPsf 5g\ . oL gf6ssf d'Vo k|a[lQx?nfO[ o;/L x]g{ ;lsG5 M–

s_ ljifo a:t'

     g]kfnL k|ultzLn gf6ssf ljifo a:t'x? lt/ b[li6 nifpgFbf lgDg cg';f/sf] cj:yf ltgdf b]lvG5 M 

!_ gf6sx?df ;a}eGbf a9L ls;fg ;d:of / ls;fg ;ª3if{sf] k|:t'lt kfOG5 . ;fx'n] cefju|+:t ls;fgx?nfO[ C0f lbg], Aofhsf] :ofh / 7]sL c;'Ng], C0f ltg[ g;s] afkt 3/huuf x8kg], lgb{otfk"j{s 3/af6 lgsfNg] / kl/jf/nfO[ ljrNnLdf kfg]{ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ltgsf] zf]if0fsf lj?4 r]tgf hyufpg]. ;ªul7t ug]{ / ;fx'nfO{ k/f:t ug]{p . v'l;ofnLdf h'n'; lgsfNg] h:tf sfd s}og\ gf6sx?df epsf] 5 . lsf;gx?n] a:tLdf dfq geO[ ;s'daf;Lsf ?kdf jg hª\un / P]nfgL ktL{ hUufdf a:g' kbf[ klg cg]s ;f:tL / HofbtL ;fdGtLx?sf ldn]dtf]df ;/sf/af6 a]xf]g'{ k/]sf] 5 . ctM cgLx? k|tfl8t, cfs\flzt / cfGbf]lnt ePsf ljleGg, jf/bft b]lvG5g\ . ju{ ;ª\3if{sf ljlGg ?kx? toxfF blvG5g\ .

@_ b]zdf sfd gePkl5 V0f ltg{ / sdfO{ ug{ g]kfnLx? ef/tdf k;]sf] / nfx'/ uPsf] s'/f klg ljleGg gf6s Pjd\ Psfª\sLdf cfPsf] b]lvG5 . tofxf uP/ ljb]zLx?sf] ckdfg / zf]if0fdf k/]sf]. 3/sf] g 3f6sf] eO[ laklQdf k/]sf] / cfkm" k/b]zdf /x]sf] j]nf g]kfndf ;fdGt ju{ / ltgsf e/f}6]x?n] cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?nfO{ ;tfPsf] s'/f klg gf6sx?df cfPsf] kfOG5 .

#_ gf/L ;df:ofnfO[ g]kfnL k|ultzLn gf6sx?n] g} dxTj lbFb} cfPsf 5g\ . k'?if k|wfg k|j[lQn] ubf{ nf]Ug]af6 g} pgLx? a];/L ;tfOPsf] kfOG5 eg] kl/jf/sf ;f;" ;;'/f, bfh' efph' gGb] v]j/ cflbsf] lk/nf] a]xf]g{ klg pgLx? ljjz 5g\ . ufpFn] ;fdGt / u'G8faf6 anfTsf/, ckx/0f / xTof ePsf 36gfx? klg ToxfF cfPsf 5g\ . dlxnfx?nfO[ a]r]/ j]Zofno k'¥ofPPsf 36gfx? klg gf6sdf b]lvG5g\ . To:tf xs{tsf lj?4 sDo'lg:6 qmflGtsf/Lx?n] hfu/0f NofPsf] / ;ª\3if{ u/]sf] s'/f gf6sx?df kfOG5 .

$_ hftLo pFrgLr / e]befjsf lj?4 r]tgf hufpg] sfd klg g]kfnL k|ultzLn gf6sx?n] u/]sf] kfOG5 .

%_ dflnsx?n] dhb'/x?nfO[ Hofnfdf 7u]sf] / ;f:tL lbO{ shfPsf] s'/f klg g]kfnL gf6sx?df lrlqt 5 . o:tf] l:yltdf dflns / dhb'/x?lar ;ª\3if{ ePsf] / ;ª\3if{df ;ª\l7t dhb'/x? ljhoL ePsf tyf ;fd"lxs ?kdf dhb'/x?n] k|ltsf/ ubf{ dflns efu]sf] aofg ljleGg gf6sdf e]l6G5 . dhb'/ o'lgogdf ultljlex?nfO[ klg ltgdf b]Vg ;lsG5 .

^_ qmflGtsf/lx?sf] e"ldut hLjg, Tofu, alnbfg / ;xfbtsf ufyfx? klg g]kfnL k|ultzLn gf6sdf /x]sf 5g\ . pgLx?n] k|x/l lx/f;t / h]n hLjgdf jef]u]sf oftgfsf] j0f{g klg ToxfF kfOG5 . qmflGt jf cfgbf]ngdf u2f/L ug]{, qmflGqsf/Lsf] cfj/0fdf JolStut :jfy[k"lt[ / of}g b'/frf/ cflbdf lnKt x'g] rl/qnfO[ cª\Uofpg] sfd klg sltko gf6sx?df ePsf] 5 . ;lxbx?n] lg8/tfk"j{s k|f0f TofUbf cGo JolStx? k\efljt eO[ pgsf] af6f] k5\ofpg k|fKt u/]sf] k|]/0f, kl/jf/sf cfd, kTgL, lktf / c?n] pgLx?sf] af6f]df lxF8\g, b]vfPsf] k|lta4tf klg ToxfF b]lvG5 .

&_ k\hftGqsf] k|flKtkl5 b]v k/]sf] ljs[ltsf] lrq0f g]kfnL k|ultzLn gf6sx?df Jofks ?kdf ePsf] 5 . qmflGtsf/L JolSt klg dGqL ePkl5 e|i6frf/df 8'a]sf], auL{o lxtsf] Vofn gu/]sf], ;Qf:jfy{df lnKt /xsf], cg]s b'/frf/dfkm;]sf] s'/f pbfª\uf] kfb}{ To:tf] k|a[lQ lj?4 ljrf/ k|jfx ePsf] 5 . bn abnsf] k|a[lQ, uf8L / dxndf /Dg] k|j[lQsf] klg lj/f]w 5 .

*_ /fli6«otf / /fli6«o Pstf, ;fd|fHojfbL lyrf]ldrf]sf] lj/f]w k|ultzLn gf6sx?df Jofks dfwdf kfOG5 . vf; u/]/] ef/tn] g]kfnL ;Ldf ldRg] / g]kfnsf] k|fs[lts ;fwgdf n'6 dRrf[g] u/]sf] l:yltnfO[ k|ultzLn gf6sx?n] Jofks ?kdf lkmFhfPsf 5g\ . hgtfnfO{ ;r]t t'NofO{ /fli6«o ?kdf hfu/0f NofPsf 5g\ .

(_ ljleGg k|sf/sf ?l9 / cGwljZjf;sf lj?4 r]tgfsf] ;~rf/ ug]{ sfd klg k|ultzLn gf6sx?n] u/]sf 5g\ . af]S;L, e"t, wfdLemfFqmL cflb;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg 36gfnfO{ gf6sx?df cfª\sng u/L j}1flgs b[li6sf]0f k|bfg ltgn] u/]sf 5g\ .

!)_ k~rfotsfndf d08n] / qmflGtsf/L ljBfyL{x?lar x'g] le8Gt, ;/sf/n] SofDk; k|zf;gnfO{ cfˆgf kIfdf ug]{ k|of]u / k|x/L HofbtL, ljBfyL{ ;ª\3if{df pknAwL h:tf s'/f klg oL gf6sx?df cfPsf 5g\ .

!!_ dfcf]jfbL cftª\nfO[ nIo u/L zflGtsf] vf]h ug]{ sfd klg g]kfnL gf6sx?df ePsf] 5 .

!@_ afn aflnsf c;n efjgf ljsf; u/fpg], pgLx?df g}ltstf / ;fx; a9fpg], afn dhb'/sf] zf]if0f k|lt gsf/fTds efjgf hufpg h:tf sfd klg k|ultzLn gf6sx?df ePsf] 5 . ckfª\u / blnt k|ltefsf] ljsf;df klg ToxfF hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 .

!#_ ;dflhsf  ;'/Iffsf s'/fx? klg k|ultzLn gf6sx?n] clu ;f/]sf 5g\ . vf; u/]/ h]i7 gful/s, czSt, ckfª\u, dlxnf, afnaflnsfsf] ;'/IffnfO[ lnP/ gf6sx? k|bz{g ePsf 5g\ . !$_ hfF8, /S;L ;]jg / cGo b'Jo{;gsf] cGTpsf nflu klg k|ultzLn gf6sx? n]lvPsf 5g\ . ltgsf v/faLk|lt ;r]t ufpFb} ltgaf6 pTkGg x'g] b'ikl/0fd ;dfhdf cfpg glbg] k|oTg ToxfF ePsf] 5g\ .

v_ rl/q lrq0f

     g]kfnL k|ultzLn gf6sx?df d"ntM g]kfns} / s]6L dfqfdf ljb]zsf To;df klg cem ef/tLox?sf rl/q lrq0f ul/Psf] kfOG5 . zf]ifs / zf}lift, dflns / dhb'/, ;dfGt / ls;fg, k|x/L / ljBfyL{, k'/if / dlxnf, a[4fa[4f, o'jfo'jtL / afnaflnsf ljleGg k|sf/sf rl/qx? ltgdf k|of]u ePsf 5g\ . logdf ;t\ / c;t\ b'a} k|sf/sf rl/qx? b]vf k/]sf 5g\ / c;t\ Pjd\ e|i6 rl/qsf] ktg tyf /fd|f rl/qsf] pTyfg kfOG5 . sltko gf6sx? v/far l/qk|lt 3[0ff pTkGg ug]{ tx;Ddsf] lrq0fdf ;Lldt b]lvG5g\ eg] sltkodf ltgsf] kftg} ePsf] b]lvG5 . rl/qx?sf] :jfefljs k|:t'ltåf/f dfG5]x?df kl/jt{g Nofpg] p2]Zo /flvPsf] x'Fbf ltgsf] hLjGt k|:t'lt ePsf] kfOG5 . sltko 7fpFdf k|x/L ag]/ gf6ssf rl/q k|:t'lt x'Fbf x]bf{x]b}{ cfkm"nfO{ ;tfpg]k|lt hfOnfu]sf 36gfx? 36]sf] klg ;'lgG5 .

u_ d~rg

g]kfnL k|ultzLn gf6sx? k|fo M ufpF3/df d~rg epsf 5g\ eg] s]xLn] sf7df8f}Fsf cfw'lgs d~rsf] k|of]u klg ;kmntf k"j{s u/]sf 5g\ . ufpF3/df cfFug, rf}/, rf}tf/f, 8jnL, v]n d}bfg, :s'n, ;8s / ;fwf/0f d~rdf oL gf6sx? k|blz{t x'Fbf ;fdfGo hgtfn] klg logsf] cjnf]sg / cf:jfbfg u/]sf] kfOG5 . …l;DdfÚ h:tf s]xL gf6s afx]s cGo k|ultzLn gf6sx?n] sf7df8fF}sf cfw'lgs d~r k|of] ug{ ;s]sf] b]lvFb}g . …krf; ?lkofFsf] td;'sÚ k~rfot sfndf g]kfnsf ufpF3/df dfq geO{ k|jf;sf a:tLdf ;d]t k|blz{t eof] / hgtfdf ljlzi6 k|efj kfg{ ;kmn /xof] . /fli6«o hg;f+;s[lts d~r, /lStd kl/jf/, OGb|]0fL ;fF:s[lts kl/jf/, j]bgf ;fF:s[lts kl/jf/, ;fdgf uLlt cleofg cflbn] ljutdf ufpFufpFdf gf6s d~rg u/]sf] kfOG5 . ct M k|ultzLn gf6sx?sf] /ªud~r Joj:yfn] ;/ntf / ;Jfefljstfsf] dfu ub{5 . ;8s gf6ssf] ljsf; klg ef/tdf k|ultzLn snfsdL{x?af6 g} ePsf] kfOG5 . g]kfndf o;nfO{ k|ultzLn If]qn Jofks k|of]u ug{ ljz]if k|of; ck]lIft 5 .;fy} cfw'lgs /ª\u d~rsf dfWodaf6 Ps} k6s w]/} dfG5]sf kxF'rdf k'¥ofpg] a:t' / ?ksf] ;'+;of]hgf ePsf gf6sx? klg ck]lIt 5g\  sltko k|ultzLn gf6sx? kqklqsf / k':tsdf kf7\o gf6sdf ;Lldt x'g' d~rg lt/ b[li6 gnufOg'  sf] kl/0flt xf]  .

3_ uLltdotf

     s'g} k|ultzLn gf6sx?n uB efiff cFufn]sf 5g\ eg] s'g}n] uLltdotf . uB;Fu ;DalGwt gf6sx?df klg uLtsf] k|of]u 7fpF 7fpFdf ePsf] 5 . uB cleJolQm hg?lr tfGg] vfnsf] t'Nofpg snfTds l;ksf] cfjZostf 5  ljifoa:t' / ljrfwf/sf] If]qsf emfF} snfsf If]qdf k|ultzLn gf6sx? ;fdYo{af6 5}gg\ eGg] cfzosf] v08g k|of]u / Jojxf/af6 ug{ cfjZos 5 . o; lbzflt/ k|ultzLn gf6sx?sf] Wofg hfg cTofjZos 5 .y/L y/Lsf nf]snon g]kfnL k|ultzLn gf6sdf zlSt yk]sf 5g\ .

ª_ ;+jfb

gf6sdf ;xh, ;/n, :jfefljs / cfsfif{s ;+jfb cfjZos x'g' :jfefljs 5 . rl/q cg's"nsf] ;+jfb l;h{gf x'g ;s]g eg] gf6sn] lbg] k|efj vnalG5 . o; lbzflt/ w]/}h;f] kultzLn gf6ssf/x? ;r]ttf cem a9L cfjZos 5 . sl7g af}l4s zAbx?sf] k|of]u ;fdfGo kfqaf6 aSg nfufOPsf] lj8Djgf klg sxLF sxLF b]lvG5 h;af6 k|ultzLn gf6s aRg' kb{5 .

r_

clego÷/ª\u lzNk

     g]kfnL k|ultzLn gf6sx?dWo] sltko k|of]af6 ;kmn plePsf 5g\ . To;df clegosf] 7'nf] e"ldsf /x]sf] kfOG5 . clegodf s[lqdtf b]vf k¥of] eg] Tof] k|efjsf/L x'g ;St}g . clegodf xfpefp, af]nL, kf];fs cflb kb}5g\ . sltko gf6sx? x]l/ ;s]kl5 bz{s ck|efljt /x]sf] / ljZj:t x'g g;s]sf] l:Ylt klg b]lvG5 . ctM gf6s k|bz{gsf lglDt clego cfjZos kb{5 .

5_ åGå

åGå k|ultzLn gf6ssf] Ps k|d'v kIf xf] . juL{o åGå ;a}eGbf a9L logdf d'vl/t ePsf] kfOG5 . åGå cfkm}leq klg x'G5 / cGo JolStx?;Fu klg x'G5 . ju{zd'x?lar zq'tfk"0f{ åGå x'G5 eg] ju{ ldqx?lar ldqtfk"0f{ åGå x'G5 . o;sf] ;d'lrt 5\ofg ljrf/ gubf{ k|xf/sf] lg;fgf ;xL gx'g ;S5 . ls;fg / dhb'/x? larsf] åGå ldqtfk"0f{ åGå xf] . t/ ls;fg / ;fdfGt jf dhb'/ / dflnssf ljrsf] åGå j}/efjk"0f{ åGå xf] . sltko k|ultzLn gf6sdf clt qmflGtsf/LtfnfO{ cFuflnFbf cfˆg} ju{ ldqnfO{ gf]S;fg k'¥ofpg] sfd klg ePsf] 5 . k|ultzLn gf6sx?n] afXoåGånfO{ hlt cfGtl/s åGånfO{ cleJoSt ug{ g;s]sf] cfnf]rgf v]Kb} cfPsf] 5 . of] klg ;dLIfsf] ljifo aGg ;St5 . hgtf / ;dfGt Pjd\ ;dkGg ju{larsf] åGånfO{ s]Gb| efuaf6 gx6fO{ åGåsf] lrq0f cfjZos 5 . ;dfhleq dlxnf k'?if, of] hft / Tof] hft, of] wd{ / Tof] wd{, of] If]q / Tof] If]q cflbsf] åGå 5 / To:tf] je]b d]l6g cfjZos 5 t/ d"n åGå t juL{o åGå g} xf] eGg] s'/f lal;{of] eg] cfGbf]ng lbUe|ldt x'g ;Sg] vt/f 5 . ctM jt[dfg cfnf]rgf ubf{ ljut /fd|f] lyof] eGg] ;Gb] ghfcf];\ eGg] 9ª\un] b[li6sf]0f k|:t't x'g cfjZos 5 .

h_ p2]Zo

     k|ultzLn gf6sx? lg?2]Zo x'g ;St}gg\ / g]kfnL k|ultzLn gf6sx? lg?2]Zo 5}gg\ klg . oL ;]f2]Zod"ns 9ª\un] ;dfhsf] kl/jt{df s]lGb|t 5g\ . logn] k~rfotL lg/ª\s'ztfsf] cGTo ug{ / ufpFsf 7'nf7fn'sf] zf]if0f ;dfKt kfg{7'nf] of]ubfg u/]sf 5g\ . dlxnf d'lStsf If]qdf, hftkftsf] e]befj pGd"ng ug{ / /fli6«otfsf] efjgf k|an t'Nofpg logn] ct'ngLo of]ubfg u/]sf 5g\ . ;dfhsf ?l9a'9L x6fO{ j}1flgs r]tgf ljsl;t ug{ klg logsf] pNn]Vo of]ubfg /x]sf] 5  juL{o lje]bsf] ;dflKtsf nflu logn] afn]sf] ;ª3if{sf] lbof] emg emg\ k|Hjlnt x'Fb} uPsf 5 . /fi6« / ;dfhdf ljBdfg s'/Llt, lj;ª\ult / d}dQfkgsf] cGTosf nflu klg logn] ltvf] k|xf/ u/]sf 5g\ .

em_ cª\s÷b[Zo

g]kfnL k|ultzLn gf6sx?df k"jLo k/dk/f cg';f/sf] cªs ljefhg kfOFb}g . oL jleGg b[Zodf eg] ljeflht x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . logdf b[Zo kl/jt{gsf] w]/} hl6ntf /x]sf kfOFb}g / hl6n b[Zo of]hg ePsf gf6s ufpF7fFPdf bz{g ug{ ufx|f] kg k5{ .oxl b[li6n] xf]nf k|ultzLn gf6sx?n] kbf{ x6fpgFbf / vf]Nbf ;lhn} b[Zofsf] dfu u/]sf kfOG5 .

`_ efiff z}nL

     g]kfnL k|ultzLn gf6sx?df hgaf]nLsf] k|of]u 7fpF7fpFdf ul/Psf] 5 . tL ;l/n efifdf cleJoSt x'G5g\ . bz{ssf ;f]em} k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] efiffsf] vfFrf] kg]{ ePsfn] ltgdf pvfg, 6'Ssf, cg's/0f zAb b'?xtf sd} /x]sf] kfOG5  hl6n jfSox? / tT;d zAx?sf] afx'No klg ltgdf b]lvFb}g . a? g]kfnsf ljleGg efiff eflifsfsf zAbx? k|of]u u/]/ k|efjsf/L t'Nofpg] k|oTg klg TofxfF epsf] x'G5 . nofTds efifsf] k\of]u klg ltgdf ePsf] kfOG5 .

$_ eljio

     g]kfnL k|ultzLn gf6ssf] ejio s:tf] xfn / eljiodf o; If]qdf s] ug'{ knf{ eGg] a'/faf/] klg lrGtg dgg cfjZos 5 , cfhsf] o'usf] w'sw'sL ;'Gg ;lsg] gf6ssf ?kdf ltgnfO[ s;/L ljsl;l tug]{ eGg] s'/f gf6\o If]qsf ;a}sf] lrGtfsf] ljifo xf] .

     ;j{k|d t gf6ssf ljifo j:tf' rogdf clxnsf HjnGt ;d:ofn dxTj kfpg' kg]{ b]lvG5 . k|ultzLn gf6sn] >d / >dhLhLsf] lz/ pFrf] kfg]{, >dk|lt ;Ddfg hufpg] tyf csf{sf] sdfOdf /hfOF ug]{ ju{ / p;sf] sd{xLg Pjd\ k/hLjL hLjgsf] lg/y{staff/] ;dfhdf r]gtf 5g[ cfjZos 5 . lgDg ju{sf] pTyfg / pRr ju{sf] ktgd} dfG5]x?lar ;dfgtf, ;b\efj / dfofk|]d /xg] x'Fbf juL{o ;dfh lgdf[0f ug]{ ljifo j:t'n] ltgdf k|fuyldstf kfpg' k5{ To:tf] ;dfhjfbL ;dfh lgdf{0fsf nfu hu lgdf{0f ug]{ s'/fdf klg xfd|f] Wofg hfg' plQs} cfjZos 5 . h:t} M b]zleq sfd gkfP/ dfG5]x? k/b]zsf e'Stdfg ef]Ug ljjz 5g\ . d'n's ;fdGtL pTkfbg k|0fnLdf hsl8Psf] 5 . o; cfj:yfaf6 kf/ kfpg s[lif / cGo If]qdf cf}Bf]lusLs/0f cfjZos 5 . ct M pBf]usf] ljsf; / b]zleq sfd kfpg] cj:yf l;h{gf ug'{ oltv]/sf] xfd|f] cfjZostf xf] . k|ultzLn If]qn] pBf]u wGbfsf] lfjsf;sf nflu cfafh ;zSt kfg{ cfjZos 5 . o;sf nflu /fHon nufgL ug]{ ls pBf]uLx?nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ ls aflx/L nfufgL leq\ofpg] ls s] ug]{ egg] af/] emsensfpg' kb{5 . s]x Lug{ vf]Hg] pBf]ukltnfO{ rGbf cftªs / e|i6frf/tGqsf] cftª\saf6 d'St kf/L s[ltif, ko{6g, ljw'tLs/0f /cGo ljleGg pBf]u ug]{ jftfj/0f lgdf{0f cfjZos 5 .

     clxn] klg af]S;Lsf] cf/f]kdf s'6lk6 / xTof x'Fb} 5 . blnt hftsf] egL dfg db{g / hwGo ck/fw ul/Fb} 5 . ;F:sf/ sd{ / rf8kj{sf] e8\lsnf] Pjd\ t8se8sk"0f{ kfv08 k|bz{g a9\bf] 5 . k|ultzLn gf6sn] To;k|lt lgd[d k|xf/ ug{ cfjZos 5 . ljb]zL wtL{df sdf ug{ uPsf g/gf/Lsf rLTsf/ / lbgx'F lelqg] nf;x?n] g]kfnL d'6'nfO{ g/fd|/L r:sfPsf 5g\ . ToxfF] j:t'l:ylt 5n{ª\ª kgf]{ vfnsf xfd|f k|:t'lt gf6sdf cfpg cfjZos 5 . xfd\f >ldsx?n sf/vfgf v]t, le/kfvf, jg hª\un / gbLgfnfdf u/]sf] >d dfq geO[ xf]6n, ;7s / ljleGg k];f Joj;fodf /xL u/]sf] sfd, pgLx?sf] si6s/ hLjgsf] cg';Gwfg u/L gf6sn] k|:t't ug{ cfjZos 5 . s] 5 eGg] s'/f yfx geO{ s] ug]{ eGg] s/f yfx gx'g] xFbfltgsf] vf]hL cfjZos 5 . sf7df8f}Fsf ;8ssf v'b|f k;n], gbLd} cfl>t eO{ hLjg latfpg] /fhLx?, agag rfxg]{ /fp6] s';G8f / cGo cg]s hftsf] >dxLg lhGbuL / ltgsf ;d:of ;txdf Nofpg] sfd cem} ePsf] 5g} .

     ljw'tLo dfWodaf6 /fd|f g/fd|f s'/f d'n''sdf lbg lbg} lelqPsf 5g\ . g/fd|f s'/fk|lt ;r]t t'Nofpg], b'Jo{;gaf6 hf]ufpg] r]gtf ;dfhdf 5g[ cfjZos 5 . ck/fw / u'G8fubL{sf 36gf a9\bf 5g\, ltgaf6 ;fdfhnfO[ hf]ufpg cfFvf vf]Ng] sfd gf6sx?n] ug{ ;Sb5g\ . hlt c;n s'/f lkmFhfpg ;lsof] plt v/fas'/fsf] k|efj lg:t]h x'Fb} hfG5 eGg] s'/fsf] xfdLn] Vofn ug{ cfjZos 5 .

     ;dfhdf hftLo / If]qLo efjgf hufpg] ljif 5l/Fb} 5 . ct M ;fDk|bflos / k|fb]lzs ;b\efjsf] lap 5g]{ bfloTj klg k|ultzLn kmfF6af6 g} x'g cfjZos 5 . k|ultzLn gf6sn] of] dxTjk"0f[ floTj k'/f ug{ ;S5 . juL{o Pstfdf hf]8 lbFb} ;dflhs ;b|efj sfod ug'{ clxn]sf] cfjZostf xf] 

     hl6n tfdemfdeGbf klg ;/n lsl;dn] k|:tf't ug{ ;lsg] k|ultzLn gf6sx? Jofks dfqfdf ufpF3/df k'¥ofpg cfjZos 5 . g]kfnL /fhgLltnfO{ s;/L ;xL af6faf6 clu n}hfg ;lsG5, s] s:tf rl/qx?n To; lglDt hLjg ;fdk{0f u/]sf 5g\ eGg] s'/f hgtfdf k'Ug cfjZos 5 . gsf/fTdsf kf6f] h:t} ;sf/fTds kf6f]nfO{ klg alnof] agfP/ n]hfg ;lsof] eg] ;dfh ;sf/fTds bzfdf cly a9\g k'U5 .

     ;+jfbx? 5l/tf / k\efjsf/L x'g' k5{ eg] legonfO{ :jfefljs / cfsif{s agfpg tflnd k|lzIf0fsf] klg vfFrf] kb{5 . gf6sdf ;ª\uLt kifsf] ;dfj]zLs/0f klg pko'{St g} b]lvG5 .

%_ lgisif{

     g]kfnL k|ultzLn gf6sn] cfˆgf] ofqsf 5 bzs kf/ ul/;s]sf] 5 . o; cjlwdf ljleGg ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt cg]s /rgfx k|sfzdf fPsf 5g\ / ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt cg]s /rgfx? k|sfzdf cfPsf 5g\ / clegLt Pjd\ dlRt ePsf 5g\ . ltgn] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ?kfGt/0fdf ljlzi6 of]ubfg klg lbPsf 5g\ . sltko dl~rt gf6sx? k|sfzg x'g g;sL ;|i6fxsf kf08'lnlksf ?kdf dfq /x]sf] cj:yf x'gfn] ltgsf af/] ;a}nfO{ hfgsf/L k|fKt 5}g . tL ;a}sf] vf]hL u/ g]kfnL k|ultzLn gf6ssf] Oltxf; lgdf{0f ug{ cfjZos 5 . k|ultzln If]qsf gf6sx?n] ljBfno / ljzj ljBfnosf kf7\os|dx?df cem} :yfg kfpg ;s]sf] 5}gg\ . o;af/]df k|Zg p7fpg cfjZos 5 / kf7\o k':tssf ?kdf k|:tfljt ug{ ;lsg] k|ultzLn gf6sx?sf] /rgf ug{ klg cfjZos 5 . k|ultzLn gf6sx?sf] snf kIf sdhf]/ 5 eGg] k|ltkIfLo cfnf]rgfsf] hafkm lbg] /rgfx?sf] ;ªVof a9fpg klg ljz]if k|of; ck]lIft 5 . ufpF3/df ;fdfGo hgtfsf nflu cfjZos gf6sx?sf] vfFerf] klg k|ultzLn kIfn] k'/f ug{ k5{ eg] cfw'lgs /ª\ud~rsf dfWodaf6 Jofkstf Nofpg] k|oTg klg ul/g' k5{ z}nLut ljlwtf cfpg ;s]df tL cem ;'?lrs/ x'g] 5g\ .

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