n]vs–kl/ro
8f= hLj]Gb|b]j lu/L
lqe'jg ljZj ljBfno, s]Gb|Lo g]kfnL ljefu cGtu{t k|fWofkg k];fdf ;+nUg x'g' x'G5
. d"ntM efiffsf] cg';Gwftfsf ¿kdf
;'kl/lrt 8f= lu/L efiff lj1fg / nf]s ;flxTosf If]qdf ;d]t kl/lrt x'g' x'G5 .
pxfFn] g]kfnL efiffsf] klR5df eflifsfsf] efiffj}1flgs cWoog ug'{ ePsf] . nf]s;flxTosf] cWoogdf klg ulx/f] ?lr
/fVg'x'g] 8f= lu/Ln] To;;DaGwL k|z:t} n]v–/rgfx¿ l;h{gf ug'{ePsf] 5 . pxfF
k|ultjfbL ;dfnf]rssf ¿kdf :yflkt x'g'x'G5 . ;flxTosf cGo ljwfdf klg pxfFsf] snd
rNg] u/]sf] 5 .
n]v kl/ro
k|:t't n]vdf dxfslj
b]jsf]6fsf] s[lifjfnf uLltgf6\onfO{ k|ultzLn r]tgfsf] Pp6f pbfx/0fsf
¿kdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . o; s[ltdf ;dfhdf h] 5 ToxL oyfy{sf] lrq0fdf dfq
lj>fd glnO{ b]jsf]6fn] ;dfhdf ljBdfg v/fa k|j[lQsf] eG8fkmf]/ ub}{ To;af6
;dfhnfO{ d'Qm ug]{ ;dfhjfbL oyfy{jfbsf] af6f] cFufNg] k|oTg u/]sf] ljrf/ n]vdf
k|:t't 5 . ju{k|]d / ju{;ª\3if{sf] 36gfnfO{ ptf/]/ b]jsf]6fn] tTsfnLg
ju{;ª\3if{ / ls;fg–;ª\3if{nfO{ of] s[ltdf k|ltljlDat ug{ vf]h]sf] wf/0ff klg
n]vdf cleJoQm 5 . k|ultjfbL d"NodfGotfsf s}og ljz]iftfnfO{ krfpFb} / s]xL
cfbz{jfbL k|j[lQsf] /ª klg r9fpFb} s[lifjfnfsf] lgdf{0f ePsf] ts{ /fVb}
of] s[lt k|ultzLn g]kfnL ;flxTosf] dxÎjk"0f{ k|flKt ePsf] lgisif{ n]vdf
k|:t't 5 .
b]jsf]6fsf] s[lifafnf
uLltgf6\odf k|ultzLn r]tgf
– hLj]Gb|b]j lu/L
k|j]z
dxfslj nIdLk|;fb
b]jsf]6fsf] s[lifafnf uLltgf6\o ;j{k|yd @)@! ;fndf k|sflzt ePsf xf] .
o;sf] n]vgsfn @)!@ -rfkfufO{F M #$_
jf @)!# -clwsf/L M (), kf}8]n M !!_
/x]sf] s'/f ;fj{hlgs ePsf] b]lvG5 . b]jsf]6fsf] ;dfhjfbf]Gd'v sfn -k|l>t M &%_
jf k|ultjfblt/sf] pGd'vtf -rfkfufO{F M #$_ ;Fu ;Da4 s[ltsf ¿kdf o;sf]
rrf{–kl/rrf{ x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . l/;fn -@)@!_ n] cfgf] æ;DkfbsLoÆdf g]kfnL
;flxTosf] ;aeGbf klxnf] uLltgf6\osf] ;+1f o;nfO{ lbPsf 5g\ . pgn] g} o;
s[ltnfO{ æg]kfnL ufpFn] ;dfhnfO{ 5n{ª\UofOPsf]Æ, æg]kfnL ;dfhsf] sxfnLnfUbf]
´ª\sf/Æsf ;fy} æ;To tyf oyfy{ k|]dsf] Joyf kf]lvPsf] zf]if0f–d'lQmsf] dfld{s
syfÆ sf ¿kdf lrgfPsf 5g\ . afª\b]nsf] cfj/0f–snfaf6 ;';lHht of] s[lt dxfslj
b]jsf]6f :df/s ;ldltåf/f klxnf] k6s / ;f´f k|sfzgaf6 @)%) ;Dd g} tLg k6s 5flkO;s]sfn] Ps nf]slk|o
s[ltsf ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . ;dfhaf6 cGtj{:t'nfO{ l6Kt} uLltgf6\oh:tf] Jofks hgtfaLr
k|blz{t x'g] ljwfnfO{ cFufn]/ nf]slk|o uLltnodf of] k|:t't 5 . pRrju{sf] ktg /
lgDgju{sf] pTyfgnfO{ k|:t't ub}{ k6fIf]k ul/Psf] o; s[ltn] ;dfhdf 5/]sf] pHofnf]af/]
l56k'm6 ¿kdf s]xL rrf{ eP klg l;ª\uf] ¿kdf o;sf] ljj]rgf ePsf] kfOFb}g . To;}n]
To;tk{m kfOnf a9fpg] r]i6f oxfF ul/Psf] 5 .
syf;f/
:j:yfgL–jl0f{t nfj0o
gu/L jf jt{dfg ;fFv'sf] j:tLdf dfgjL/ xnLsf] kl/jf/ a:Yof] . To;} kl/jf/df piff
gfdsL ;'Gb/ o'jtL lyOg\ . pgL cfgf afa', cfdf ntdfof, alxgL lrgL / efO /tgsf]
cfzfsL s]Gb| lyOg\ . l;lKnsfg, l;:gf] / lk7f]df u'hf/f rnfpg] To; kl/jf/sf]
vfFrf] 6fg{ pgL cys kl/>d uly{g\ . pg}n] uLltgf6\df s[lifafnfsf] ;+1f kfPsL
5g\ / To;}af6 s[ltsf] gfds/0f klg ePsf] 5 . pgL cfgf] afn;FuL ls;fg–kl/jf/s}
o'js ls/0fnfO{ k|]d uly{g\ / pg};Fu ljjfx klg ug{ ;kmn eOg\ . :yfgLo hldgbf/
>Lk|;fbn] piffnfO{ cfgL agfpg nf]Eofpg] / kmsfpg] sfd uYof]{ . p;sf tk{maf6
rt'/] sfsL{ / gfgLsfG5Ln] cg]s k|oTg ubf{ klg s]xL gnfu]kl5 d's'G8f]wf/L 8fFs'x¿
k7fO{ hldgbf/n] cGttM pgsf] ckx/0f u¥of] . ckÅtf piffn] aGbL cj:yfdf klg cfTd;dk{0f
ul/gg\, a? ljb|f]xsf] :j/ u'GhfO/lxg\ . ckx/0f sf08cl3 g} hldgbf/sf] ;ftf]
lnO;s]sf ls/0f cfgf la/fdL sfsf e]6\g jL/uGh k'u]sf] cj;/ 5f]kL piffnfO{
ckx/0f ul/Psf] lyof] . ls/0f kms]{/ cfPkl5 pgsf] g]t[Tjdf hldgbf/
>Lk|;fbsxfF h'n'; uof]Ù k|ltlglw d08nn] sf]7f–rf]6f x]¥of] t/ piffnfO{ k]mnf
kf/]g . pgnfO{ hldgbf/sf] e/f}6] rt'/] sfsL{sf] ;Nnfxdf cf}iflw ;'F3fO{ sk8fn]
a]/L ;Gb'sdf xflnPsf] lyof] / k|f0f ghfcf];\ egL ;Gb'sdf Kjfn kf/L n'sfOPsf]
lyof] . ls/0f 56\k6fO{ jg rxfl//x]sf a]nf Ps hgf u'kmf–tk:jL;dIf k'u] /
tk:jLaf6 piff 7fn' >Lk|;fbs} 3/df ePsf] rfn kfP . To;kl5 b'O{ hgf ;xof]uL;lxt
7fn'sf 3/df /flt k|j]z ubf{ kqmfp k/]Ù pgsf ;fyLx¿ eg] efUg ;kmn eP .
kqmfp k/]sf ls/0fnfO{
8fFs'sf] cf/f]k nufO{ ckdfg / s'6lk6sf ;fy h]n k'¥ofOof] . o;cl3 g} piffsf
afa'n] pgnfO{ ;D´Fb} d[To'j/0f ul/;s]sf lyP . gfltsf] DjfOF vfP/ hfg] pgsf]
OR5f cw'/} /x]sf] lyof] . piffsf] x]/rfxsf] lhDdf d'lgofFnfO{ lbOPsf] lyof] .
d'lgofF klg hldgbf/sf] kf;f]df k/]/ p;sf] ue{ af]St} aGbL hLjg lhpg ljjz lyOg\
. pgsf afa' Ps hgf afx'g lyP / cfgf b'O6f 5f]/Lsf] sGofbfgsf] ;d:of xn ug{
hldgbf/;Fu ;xof]usf] ofrgf ug{ k'u]sf lyP . hldgbf/n] krf; 8an lbO{ h]7L
5f]/Lsf] j/ vf]lhlbg] lgx'Fdf pgnfO{ xTofpg ;kmn ePsf] lyof] . pgnfO{ ue{
af]sfPkl5 afa'nfO{ af]nfO{ pN6} gf]s/;Fu ;Ns]sf] bf]if nufPsf] lyof] / 5f]/Ln]
OHht kmfn]sf] eGb} 5f]/LnfO{ g} ;/fk]/ afa' 6fl9Psf lyP . ltg} kLl8t d'lgofFn]
piffnfO{ aGbL cj:yfaf6 eufOlbOg\ . piffn] jgsf] af6f] ttfO{ jgb]jLsf ¿kdf
u'kmfsf] jf; ug{ k'lug\ .
ls/0fnfO{ ck/fwLx¿sf df´
h]ndf xflnPsf] / /fte/ t8\lkPsf] b]v]kl5 kx/f a;]sf] l;kfxLn] h]naf6 eufOlbof]
. pgL sfzL uP/ tLg jif{ k9L gofF r]tgf af]s]/ 3/ kms]{ . pgn] hldgbf/sf]
zf]if0f / cTofrf/af/] ufpFn]x¿nfO{ cjut u/fP . pgn] ufpFdf :s'n, k':tsfno,
sf/vfgf, vfg]kfgL, /fd|f] uf]?, /fd|f] lap, gofF cf}hf/sf] cfjZostf ePsf]
atfpFb} To;sf lglDt 7fn'af6 dflnSofOF vf]:g cfXjfg u/] . ls;fgx¿ nf7L;lxt n:s/
lnP/ cfPkl5 >Lk|;fb, p;sf e/f}6] rt'/] / af]/f y// eP . >Lk|;fbn] cfgf
;a} ck/fw sa'Nof] . p;nfO{ …;fFv'sf] 8fFsfÚ n]v]/ lgwf/df 6fF;L, d'tsf] sf]k/f
af]sfO{ lz/df tLt]kftL /fvL ;fFv'sf] a:tLdf 3'dfOof] . p;n] krf; xhf/ b08 klg
lt¥of] . piff efu]/ jglt/ uPsf] s'/f >Lk|;fbn] ;'gfPsf] / d'lgofFn] klg ;f]
s'/f k'li6 u/]kl5 p;sf] k|f0f eg] hf]luof] . ckdfg / nft vfPkl5 pm k]ml/ rt'/];Fu
dtf] u/L jgb]jLsf] cfzLjf{b dfUg jgsf] u'kmflt/ nfUof] . jgb]jL ag]sL piffn]
/ftsf] cFWof/fdf 9'ª\uf a;f{Og\ . rt'/]sf] vKk/ / >Lk|;fbsf] v'§fdf 9'ª\uf
nfu]kl5 b]jL l/;fPsf] 7fgL pgLx¿ efu] . o;} aLrdf ufpFdf cfunfuL eof] . To;df
piffsf cfdf, efOalxgL / csf]{ Ps afns 89] . ufpFn]x¿dWo] s]xLn] tnl;ªsf] a]OHht
u/]sfn] b]jL l/;fO{ clgi6 ePsf] l6Kk0fL u/] eg] rt'/] sfsL{n] slxn] ;fFv'nLdfO{
l/;fPsf], slxn] s;}n] a]xf];df 7'6f] kmfn]sf] / slxn] s;}n] ;nfO{ sf]/]/ kmfNbf
k/fn ;Ns]sf] e|d 5¥of] . o;eGbf cl3 g} rt'/]n] >Lk|;fb;Fu ;nfO{ 5f;5'; kfg]{
s'/f u/]sfn] cfunfuL pgLx¿s} if8\oGq xf] eGg] a'l´G5 t/ ufpFn]x¿ o; s'/fnfO{
a'em\b}gg\ .
cGtdf ls/0f jgb]jLsf]
dlGb/ k'u] / xftdf 6r{ lnO{ u'kmfleq k;] . Psl5gsf] sl8s8fp s'/fsfgLkl5 ls/0fn]
piffnfO{ lrgL hGq b]vfP / b'j}sf] lrgfhfgL eof] . a;f}{Fsf] la5f]8kl5sf]
k'gld{ngdf pgLx¿n] v';L x'Fb} …wfgsf afnf ´'n] xh'/ b]z} /dfOnf]Ú eGg] uLt ufP
.
k|ultzLntf
uª\ufk|;fb pk|]tL
k|ultzLntfnfO{ kl/eflift ug]{ qmddf s] eGb5g\ eg] k|ultzLntf Tof] k4lt -dfS;{jfbL
lrGtg–k4lt —n]vs_ df ;dflxt eOg;s]sf]
cj:yf eP klg To:tf] dfu{df pGd'v dfqfTds cj:yf xf] -pk|]tL M !!$_ . o; s'/fnfO{
:ki6 kfg]{ b[li6n] pgL s] klg yK5g\ eg] x/]s ;dfhh:t} xfd|f] ;dfhdf klg bfz{lgs
¿kdf dfS;{jfbL lrGtg–k4ltnfO{ k"0f{ ¿kdf cª\uLsf/ ug]{ cj:yf cfOgk'u]sf]
t/ ;dfhdf ljBdfg zf]if0fsf] lj/f]w ug]{, ;dfhnfO{ oyfl:yltdf /fVg] s'/fk|lt
ljdlt /fVg], /fli6«o cl:tTjnfO{ s'l07t /fVg] ;a} k|sf/sf x:tIf]ksf] lj/f]w ug]{
;flxTo / ;flxTosf/ /x]sf 5g\ . pgn] d'n'snfO{ ;f+:s[lts ¿kdf cu|ultdf n}hfg]
cleofg jf qmflGtsf/L zlQmsf] ;xof]uLsf ¿kdf klg k|ultzLn ;flxTonfO{ x]/]sf 5g\
. b]jsf]6fsf] s[lifafnf k|l>t -k|l>t M &%_ n] pNn]v u/]´}F
pgsf] ;dfhjfbf]Gd'v sfn jf rfkfufO{F -rfkfufOF{ M #$_ n] eg]´}F k|ultjfblt/
pGd'v @))* b]lv @)!% sf aLrsf] t];|f] r/0fsf] s[lt ePsfn] o;df k|ultjfbsf
ljleGg ljz]iftf cGtlg{lxt x'g' :jfefljs 5 tfklg b]jsf]6fsf] cfWoflTds df]x /
:jR5GbtfjfbL efj'stfh:tf k/Dk/fut k|j[lQaf6 eg] of] d'Qm x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . To;}n]
o; s[ltnfO{ dfS;{jfbL lrGtg–k4ltdf cfwfl/t k"0f{tM k|ultjfbL s[ltsf ¿kdf
cª\uLsf/ ug{ ;lsFb}g . k|ultzLntfsf b[li6n] eg] of] Ps pTs[i6 s[ltsf ¿kdf ;xh u|x0fLo
5 . o;n] ;dfhnfO{ cu|ultlt/ 8f]¥ofpg] ljlzi6 ;fdYo{ /fVt5 . o;sf cGtj{j:t' / ¿kdf
o;nfO{ Ps k|efjsf/L Pjd\ ;zQm uLltgf6\osf ¿kdf pEofpg] oy]i6 cfwf/x¿ 5g\ h;sf]
j0f{g tn ul/Psf] 5 .
oyfy{sf] cª\sg
s[lifafnfn] s'g} p8Gt] xjfO{
sNkgf jf /x:odotfnfO{ cfgf] ljifoj:t' agfPsf] 5}g . o;n] oxL wtL{sf] ;dfhsf]
oyfy{nfO{ cFufn]sf] 5 . g]kfnL e"lds} sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf] k"jf]{Q/
e]sdf cjl:yt ;fFv'sf] dfgj–j:tLsf] ;]/f]k]m/f]nfO{ kl/j]z agfpFb} ToxLFsf 36gf
/ rl/qnfO{ o;df ptfl/Psf] 5 . oxfFsf kl/j]z, 36gf / rl/qn] g]kfnL ;dfhsf] oyfy{sf]
k|ltlglwTj ub{5g\ . >Lk|;fbh:tf 7fn' tyf piff / ls/0fh:tf ls;fg o'jf–o'jtL
g]kfnL ;dfhdf oqtq e]l6G5g\ . >Lk|;fbn] kfn]–kf];]sf rt'/] sfsL{, gfgLsfG5L,
af]/f / d's'G8f]wf/L n7}tx¿nfO{ klg k]mnf kfg{ ufx|f] 5}g . o;/L g} Ps ufF;
h'6fpg / b'Mv–la/fd kbf{ cf}ifwLsf] vfFrf] 6fg{ g;Sg] xnL / df]xLsf kl/jf/x¿,
;w}F sfddf hf]ltO/xg] 36]/fx¿ klg oxLF k]mnf k5{g\ . rf]S6f vfg uPsL a"9L
emf]ndf 8'a]/ d/L eg]´}F b'O6f 5f]/Lsf nflu sGofbfgsf] vfFrf] 6fg]{ vr{ dfUg
hfFbf h]7L 5f]/L d'lgofFnfO{ krf; 8an kfPkl5 ;'DkFb} 7fn'sf] ue{ af]Sg ljjz
t'Nofpg] ;/n afx'g klg oxLF kfOG5g\ . of]uL / tk:jLsf e]ifdf /x]sf dfG5]x¿ /
h]nsf s73/fdf klg ck/fw sd{ ug]{ y'g'jfx¿ klg oxfFsf oyfy{ x'g\ .
piff / ls/0fsf] 3lgi7
k|]d hlt :jfefljs 5, Tolt g} of}glkkf;' >Lk|;fbsf] HofbtL klg . >Lk|;fbsf
lj?4 ls/0fn] u/]sf] ;ª\3if{ cyjf piffsf] cfqmf]z klg @))& kl5sf] g]kfnL
;dfhdf s'g} cgf}7f] s'/f xf]Og . c´ ls/0fn] agf/;df uO{ tLg jif{ ToxfF k9]/
kms]{kl5 p7fPsf] ls;fg–cfGbf]ngsf] Hjf/ef6fn] g]kfnLx¿sf] /fhgLlt / lzIffsf]
;|f]t agf/; /x]sf] tYodf k|sfz kf5{ . :d/0fLo 5 :jod\ b]jsf]6f klg agf/;df uO{
/fhgLlts ultljlwdf ;+nUg ePsf lyP . g]kfndf sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] :yfkgf ePkl5
b]zsf ljleGg efudf ls;fg–cfGbf]bg ;~rfng ePsf] jf:tljstf;Fu klg b]jsf]6f kl/lrt
lyP eg] /f]dflgof, r]sf]:nf]eflsof, xª\u]/L, ?;, rLg cflbsf] e|d0faf6 klg pgn]
tL d'n'ssf ls;fg–cfGbf]gndf ;fdGtx¿n] w'nf] rf6]sf] klg rfn kfPsf yP . To;}n]
;dfhdf ljBdfg ;fdGtL zf]if0f / ;fd"lxs ls;fg–cfGbf]ngaf6 To;sf] cGTo x'g]
ultzLn oyfy{nfO{ pgn] s[lifafnfdf cleJolQm lbPsf 5g\ . piff / ls/0f aGbL
cj:yfaf6 efu]/ pDsg ;kmn ePsf] k|;ª\un] /fhgLlts aGbLx¿sf] h]n–tf]8fOsf] ;Demgf
u/fpF5 . :yfgLo kl/j]zsf] lrq0fdf klg b]jsf]6fn] jf:tljstfsf glhs k'Ug] k|oTg
u/]sf 5g\ . zfnLgbL, jg, u'kmf, v]t, laxf, ef]h cflbsf] j0f{gnfO{ klg pgn]
oyfy{k/s agfPsf 5g\ . pko'{Qm s'/fx¿af6 s] yfxf x'G5 eg] b]jsf]6fn] ;dfhdf h] 5
ToxL oyfy{sf] lrq0f u/]/ s[lifafnfdf lj>fd lnPsf 5}gg\ . pgn] ;dfhdf
ljBdfg v/fa k|j[lQsf] eG8fkmf]/ ub}{ To;af6 ;dfhnfO{ d'Qm ug]{ ;dfhjfbL
oyfy{jfbsf] af6f]nfO{ cFufNg] k|oTg u/]sf 5g\ . piffnfO{ …agb]jLÚ agfP/ tyf
of]uL / tk:jLnfO{ ;TojQmfsf ¿kdf v8f u/]/ clg ;fFv'nfO{ :j:yfgL–jl0f{t nfj0o
gu/Lsf ¿kdf pEofP/ cWofTdjfbk|ltsf] cfgf] k/Dk/fut nufanfO{ klg pgn] oxfF k|s6
u/]sf 5g\ . pgsf efjgfsf e]n aUg] qmddf afx'gn] >Lk|;fbaf6 ePsf] cTofrf/sf]
vf]hL gu/L 5f]/LnfO{ g} ;/fKg k'u]sf 5g\ . hldgbf/n] cfgf] cTofrf/sf] kfpg'kg]{hlt
b08 kfPsf] 5}g eg] piff jglt/ knfog ePsL 5g\ . piffnfO{ eufpg] d'lgofF eg]
cfF;' aufP/ >Lk|;fbsf] dxndf aGbL hLjg latfO/x]sL 5g\ . oL s'/fdf efj'stfsf
s]xL k|;ª\u cfP klg ;du| syfgs oyfy{sf] glhs 5 / g]kfnL ;dfhsf] jt{dfg
cj:yfnfO{ k|sfzdf NofpFb} eljiodf To;n] cFufNg] oyfy{ dfu{ b]vfpg ;Ifd 5 .
b]jsf]6f oyfy{sf]
cª\sgsf qmddf s;/L cfgf] snfTds snd k|of]u u5{g\ eGg] s'/f tnsf ljleGg rl/qsf
d'vaf6 k|fKt x'g] ltgsf] kl/ro xf]—
>Lk|;fb – 3d08sL cfsfz h'g P Û s] /}5 t efp
>Lk|;fbsf]
b]Vof} zlQm, zfg, /jfkm, tfp <
rt'/] – rt'/]sf h'F3f,
oL uf]a/ z"F3f
gl6kL NofP jgsL z"3f Û
piff – s:tf] x'G5
a'´]sf] 5;\ < sfFr} rkfOlbpFnf
5f] t dnfO{ ub{g tf]8L, sfFr} /ut lkpFnf
ls/0f – ;Rrf kQf b]
atnfO{ Û gq tFnfO{ d'G6\ofO{
Tof] j/sf] hf] xfFuf] b]V5;\, lbG5' ToxLF g} ´'G8\ofO{
Û
ju{k|]d / ju{–;ª\3if{
lgDgju{sf JolQmx¿aLrsf]
ju{k|]d tyf lgDgju{ / pRrju{sf JolQmx¿aLrsf] ;ª\3if{ k|ultjfbL ;flxTosf] dxÎjk"0f{
ljz]iftf xf] . To;nfO{ s[lifafnf uLltgf6\osf ljleGg 36gfdf ToxfFsf rl/qx¿n]
u/]sf lqmofsnfkdf b]Vg ;lsG5 . ls;fg–o'jtL piff / ls;fg–o'js ls/0fsf] lk/tL /
ljjfx :jod\ ju{k|]dsf] pQd gd'gf xf] . pgLx¿;Fu} vfP–v]n]sf afn;FuftL x'g\ .
pgLx¿sf] dfofk|]dsf] 8f]/LnfO{ sl;nf] t'Nofpg 36]/f]n] d2t u/]sf] 5 . pgLx¿ e]6
eP/ klg k/:k/ af]Ng ;ª\sf]r dflg/x]sf a]nf 36]/f]n] ;ª\sf]r d]6fpg] / glhSofpg]
sfd u/]sf] lyP . pgn] Toltv]/ JoQm u/]sf] efj tnsf kª\lQmx¿df b]Vg ;lsG5—
36]/f] – leq cfpm g
piff gfgL Û
¿ksL 5f} ;'gsL
vfgL
u'nfkm ph]nLdf Û
lrGof 5}g eg,
lognfO{ <
afn;FuL rfÚg
jgnfO{
5nsf] kx]nLdf .
piffnfO{ >Lk|;fbsf]
dxnaf6 eufpg] sfd d'lgofFn] u/]sL 5g\ . d'lgofF klg ul/a afx'gsL 5f]/L lyOg\ .
cfk"mh:t} kLl8t piffnfO{ pgn] cfgf] ;SsnL kl/ro lbO{ :g]x a;f{PsL lyOg\ .
hldgbf/n] ;';f/]sf ¿kdf d'lgofFnfO{ piffsf] ;flGgWodf k'¥ofPsf] lyof] .
d'lgofFn] piffnfO{ eufpg'cl3 JoQm u/]sf] tnsf] Znf]sdf pgsf] ju{k|]d ´NsG5—
d'lgofF M piff /fgL Û
qmf]wsL vfgL Û
b'Mvsf] ltd|f]
cfTdf Û
a'‰g] Pp6L
afx'gL gfgL
d'lgofF dfq 5
;fydf Û
ls/0fnfO{ h]naf6 eufpg]
sfd kx/f a;]sf l;kfxLn] u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] cfk"m ;hfosf] efuL ag]/ eP klg
ls/0fnfO{ d'Qm ug]{ k|0f ub}{ pgnfO{ aGbL cj:yfaf6 :jtGq ;+;f/df ljr/0f ug{ k7fOlbP
. ju{k|]dsf] of] pTs[i6 gd'gfnfO{ pgs} zAbdf cg'e"t ug{ ;lsG5—
Pp6f lgw{g If'b|
l;kfxL Û
lgbf]{if efUg]
lbG5' af6f] Û
efu Û ltdL hfpm
Kof/sf ;fyL Û
h]n d ef]U5'
ltd|f] ;f6f] Û
ls/0fnfO{ >Lk|;fbsf]
3/df k:g] / piffsf] vf]hva/ ug]{ sfddf ldvfefO / h"h"n] ;fy lbPsf 5g\
. pgLx¿ klg rf]/sf] aft nfu]/ ls/0f;Fu} kqmfp vfg;Sg] hf]lvd af]s]/ ToxfF
k'Ug'sf] sf/0f ju{k|]d g} lyof] eGg ;lsG5 .
ufpFn]x¿n] hldgbf/sf] 3/
3]g{ k6s–k6s ls/0fnfO{ ;fy lbPsf 5g\ . ls/0fn] piffsf] kl/jf/sf x/]s ;b:onfO{
cufw dfof / >4f vGofPsf 5g\ . piffsf afa' la/fdL x'Fbf pgn] dgUu] ;xof]u
k'¥ofPsf 5g\ . ufpFdf cfunfuL x'Fbf jf ckx/0f x'Fbf ufpFn] ls;fgx¿ ;bf Psu7
b]lvG5g\ .
s[lifafnf ju{;ª\3if{sf b[li6n]
klg Tolts} hf]8bf/ l;h{gf xf] . o;df piff / ls/0fn] >Lk|;fb;Fu ;'?d} 3[0ff /
qmf]w JoQm u/]sf 5g\ . piffsf] ¿kk|lt nf]leP/ ¥ofn r'xfO/x]sf] >Lk|;fbsf]
;]vL pgLx¿n] g/fd|f];Fu ´fl/lbPsf 5g\ / >Lk|;fb klg l/;n] r'/ x'Fb} cfgf]
s'lT;t dg;fo JoQm u5{—
piff – zfGt 5' clxn]
ag'FnL cfFwL
sfnL ag]sL Û s]
eg"F HofbL <
ls/0f – sf] xf];\ <
nf} cf Û 58L rvfpg] Û
l;GsL vfFb"F < nf} nf ufnf <
>Lk|;fb– yfxf kfpln;\
Û x]/\ Û x] 3d08L Û
Psaf/ g6f]sL
t]/f ufnf <
hldgbf/ >Lk|;fb cfgf
df]xLx¿nfO{ klg r/d zf]if0f uYof]{ . pgLx¿sf] k/:k/ dfg]{–dg]{ txsf] cGtlj{/f]w
;txd} kf]lvGYof] . df]xLsf kTgL / s]6fs]6Lx¿nfO{ klg pm / p;sf] e/f}6] rt'/]n]
lgs} t;f{pFy] . tnsf ;+jfbfTds plQmaf6 g} hldgbf/ / df]xL–kl/jf/sf aLrsf]
ju{;ª\3if{nfO{ b]Vg ;lsG5—
>Lk|;fb – tLg av{sf] afnL v} <
nf} 7f]s\ oNnfO{
sf]/f{n] Û
d]/f] v]tsf]
d';f] of]
l;Wofof] wfg df]/f{n]
ls;fGgL –gfu/ Û afHof Û lalGt 5 Û
cfsf]{ ;fndf
ltb]{nf Û
;Tof Û ;Tof Û w/f]wd{ Û
afFsL hlQ eb]{nf Û
aGbL cj:yfdf piff /
ls/0fn] u/]sf] ;ª\3if{ klg pNn]vgLo 5 . >Lk|;fbsf dxndf g} pgLx¿sf] Hofg hfg
;SYof] t/ b'j}n] cfgf] ;zQm k|ltsf/sf] lbof]nfO{ lgEg lbPgg\ . piffsf anjfg\
zAbsf cufl8 ;fdGt >Lk|;fb n'?Ss kYof]{ . p;}n] ;';f/] t'NofPsL d'lgofF pgnfO{
…al3gL cl3sf] :ofnÚ 7fGg k'lUyg\—
piff – sf] xf];\ tF P
< sfnf] cf}tf/ Û df;' vfg cfÚ sf] Û
canfsf] sn]j/df zlQm
aNbf /fFsf]
d'lgofF – hf df]/L Û
al3gL cl3sf] Zofn s:tf] <
n'q'Ss} x]/ ufÚsf]
ls/0fnfO{ rf]/Lsf]
cf/f]k nufO{ y'g] klg pgLleq s'g} ck/fwaf]w lyPg . To;}n] pgn] cfk"m xf]Og
ls cfgL piff rf]g]{ >Lk|;fb g} 8fFs' xf] eGg] s'/f lgw{Ss;Fu /fv]sf 5g\—
ls/0f – wtL{sf] k'q Û
kl;gf kljq Û sf] eGg] dnfO{ rf]/ <
ltdLn] rf]¥of} ltdL kf] 8fFs" ls/0fsf] d'6'
kmf]/ Û
zlQm;DkGg >Lk|;fbsf
;fgafg p;sf] cfb]z e'O{Fdf v:g lbFb}gy] . vf; u/]/ rt'/] p;sf] bflxg] xft lyof]
. s;}nfO{ b'Mv lbFbf, if8\oGq ubf{ / hfn´]n ubf{ >Lk|;fb p;}nfO{ af]nfpFYof]
. ls/0fnfO{ ;tfpg] s'/fdf klg p;n] rt'/]nfO{ cx|fO{ ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf 7"nf]
ckdfg u/]sf] kfOG5—
>Lk|;fb – rt'/] Û oNnfO{ kf]ltb] WjfF;f] d'v}df a];/L Û
k'R5/ nufOb]
xg'dGt]´}F 3'd|]sf] o;/L Û
…zfFv"sf]
8fFs"Ú eg]/ n]vL cIf/ lgwf/df Û
xftdf
kqmfO{ sf]k/f d"tsf] a'emfOb] zx/df Û
ju{–;ª\3if{sf] ;a}eGbf rsf]{ ¿k ls;fgx¿ / >Lk|;fbsf aLr
b]lvG5 . piffsf] ckx/0f ePkl5 klxnf] k6s nÝL, lr/fs, wg'ifjf0f cflb af]s]/
ls;fgx¿ ls/0fsf] cfXjfgdf >Lk|;fbsf] 3/df k'u]sf lyP . Toltv]/ pgLx¿ ckÅt
piffsf] vf]hLdf Totf x'l/{Psf lyP . pgLx¿ k|f0fsf] afhL nufP/ ToxfF k'u]sf]
s'/f Ps hgf ls;fgsf d'vaf6 JoQm ePsf] 5—
t];|f] dfG5]M lnO{
cfPF d]/f] r'kL d]/f] wg'–jf0f
lbg'k/]
x6\g] 5}g piffsf nflu k|f0f
rt'/]n] a7\ofOF u/]/ piffnfO{ ;Gb'sdf n'sfPsfn] ls;fgx¿ piffnfO{
k]mnf gkf/L >Lk|;fbsf 3/af6 kms{g ljjz eP . ls;fgx¿ b]v]/ cQflnPsf]
>Lk|;fbn] s]xL ls;fg–k|ltlglwnfO{ 3/sf sf]7f–rf]6f x]g{ lbP klg pgLx¿n]
p;sf] 5n / hfnnfO{ lrg{ ;s]gg\ .
bf];|f] k6s ls;fgx¿ / >Lk|;fbsf aLrsf] ;ª\3if{n] c´ ;zQm ¿k
lnof] . o; k6s agf/;df tLg jif{ a;]/ lzIffbLIff k|fKt u/L r]tgf psf;]sf
ls/0fsf] g]t[Tjdf ls;fgx¿ n:s/ nfu]/ uLt ufpFb} cfGbf]ngdf xf]ldPsf lyP . pgLx¿sf]
uLtsf] Ps c+z o;k|sf/ 5—
r]nLa]6L
rf]5{g\ wgLn], ;xg' 5 dflg; h'lgn] Û
ca xf]z nL nf} a; g Û cFw]/f] 5 o'usf]
bzg Û
u/ wtL{
cfgf] jz /] Û >dsf] g} xs\ xf] /; /] Û
u/LaLn]
nfUof} v;g, l/g lbG5g\ Aofhn] 8zg Û
of] cfGbf]ng ;r]t ju{–;ª\3if{sf ¿kdf cl3 a9]sf] lyof] .
ls;fgx¿sf] >ddf hldgbf/n] df]hdhf u/] klg pgLx¿sf nflu :s'n, k':tsfno, 3/]n'
sf/vfgf cflb s]xL gagfOPsf], cfk"mx¿nfO{ /fd|f] lap, dn / cf}hf/sf] cefj
/x]sf], lkpg] kfgLsf nflu sf];f}F 6f9f k'Ug'kg]{ cflb s'/f p7fpFb} cGofosf] Aofh
c;'Ng], td;'s kmfg]{, gx/sf lglDt Hofnf dfUg]h:tf s'/fx¿ p7fpFb} ls/0fn]
wtL{af6 7fn'sf] dflsSofOF vf]:g] s'/f o;/L JoQm u/]—
ls/0f – kfgL lkpg;Dd xfDnfO{ ´g'{kg]{ sf]; Û
wtL{sf] of] dflnSofOF 7fn'af6 vf]; Û
Ps cfjfh
u/ ls;fg Û Ps 8Nnf] agL
xHhf/ u/La Psflt/ csf]{lt/ wgL
xftdf nf7L n]pm ;a} Û t;f{pg' vfln Û
cfk"m ltdL gxlRsP ulnhfG5 hfnL Û
ls;fgx¿sf] To; zlQmzfnL cfGbf]ngsf cl3lNt/ pm uN5 . ls;fgnfO{
C0f lbO{ Aofhsf gfpFdf zf]if0f u/]sf], piffnfO{ rf]/]sf] / ls/0fnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf
ckdfg u/]sf] ;a} sa'n ub}{ >Lk|;fb dfkmL dfU5 / cfk"m afx'gsf] 5f]/f]
ePsfn] Hofg arfOlbg ofrgf u5{ . ls;fgx¿n] j/sf] af]6df kmnfOlbg] / unkmfF;L
nufpg] dfu ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf p;sf] /f]Os/fO ;'g]kl5 ls/0f cfk"mnfO{
>Lk|;fbn] u/]´}F ;fj{hlgs a]OHhtL ug]{ / krf; xhf/ ?lkofF k]:sL dfusf lglDt
Hofg dfkmL ug]{ lg0f{odf k'U5g\ . p;nfO{ ul/g] ;fj{hlgs ;hfoaf/] pgL eG5g\—
ls/0f – P xf] ls;fg WjfF;f] Nofcf] d'vdf o;sf] kf]t g
;ft xft laQ] k'R5/ nufcf] Û 8fFs"
lgwf/df n]v g
c¿sL
:jf:gL rf]g]{nfO{ xftdf /fVb]pm sf]k/f
tLt]kfgL
lz/kftL Bf}, l;:gf]sf] xfg ´6/f Û
cGtdf piffnfO{ sxLF /flvPsf] 5 jf dfl/Psf] 5 egL k|Zg ul/Fbf
pgL efu]/ jgdf k;]sf] s'/f >Lk|;fbn] ;'gfPkl5 / d'lgofFn] To;d} ;dy{g
hgfPkl5 >Lk|;fbnfO{ 5fl8G5 . >Lk|;fbn] Toqf 7"nf ck/fw ubf{ klg
pDsg] cj;/ kfPsfdf cfGbf]ngsf] pknlAw cwsNrf] /x]sf] cg'e"lt kf7snfO{ x'g
k'Ub5 . >Lk|;fb c´ cfgf] zlQm kmsf{pg jgb]jLsxfF k'u]sf] / ufpFdf cfunfuL
u/fO{ ufpFn] afns;lxt piffsf kl/jf/nfO{ p7fpg] sfd klg p;}sf] if8\oGqdf ePsf]
b]Vbf t kf7ssf] dg ´g\ s'Fl8G5 . ls/0fn] jgb]jL ag]sL piffnfO{ k]mnf kf/]kl5
uLt ufO{ /dfPsf] t/ cfuf]df 89]sf piffsf kl/jf/ / ufpFn]x¿af/] s]xL rf;f]
g/fv]sf] b]lvFbf ju{–;ª\3if{sf] /fk hgck]Iff–ljk/Lt ;]nfPsf] cg'ej hf]–sf]xLnfO{
x'g ;St5 . ;fdGtnfO{ t;f{pg dfq rfx]sf] s'/f ls/0fn] …xftdf nf7L n]pm ;a} Û
t;f{pg' vflnÚ df klg JoQm ul/;s]sfn] cfVofgsf] cGTo o; ¿kdf ePsf] x'g ;St5 . o;n]
prfOdf k'u]sf] ju{–;ª\3if{nfO{ s]xL lkmtnf] klg agfPsf] 5 / s[lifafnfsf]
k|ultjflbtfdf k|Zg p7fpg] 7fpF lbPsf] 5 .
;fdGtjfbsf] lj/f]w
b]jsf]6fdf cWofTdjfbsf] clncln wª\wªL /x] klg ;fdGtjfbsf
lj/f]wdf v'n]/ pgL nflu k/]sf] s'/fsf] k|df0f s[lifafnf xf] . pgL ;fdGtL
9f]Fu, /afkm, r'/Lk'm/L, zf]if0f, cGofo, cTofrf/sf lj?4 hfOnfUg rfxG5g\ .
>Lk|;fb hlt;'s} ;DkGg eP klg p;sf] lqmofsnfk 3[l0ft 5 . p;sf] ;DkGg ljnf;L
hLjgsf] lrq0f b]jsf]6fn] oL zAbdf of]uLsf d'vaf6 u/]sf 5g\—
of]uL – nRsFbf knFudf dfs'/hfnL ´'n 5g\
/]zdL
;f/L k'msL{, k/L a'§f k'mN5g\
dvdnsf
la5f}gfdf cQ/ xfnL ´'N5g\
x]n+a'
dfOt x'g] ToxfF dfG5g\ 3/ Û
>Lk|;fbsf] dxn ´'k|fx¿sf dfemdf v8f 5 . eF8f/df b; xhf/
d'/L x'lnG5Ù 9's'6Ldf b;–aL; nfv 6Dd 5 . pm ul/asf ;fd' 7"nf bfg–wd{sf wfs
nufpF5 . p;sf sf]6e/L ;'gsf 6fFs 6NsG5g\ . /}tLn] p;lt/ cfFvf nufpFbf d'6' 9Ss
k'mnfpg' k5{ . p;sf] g'g vfPsf rt'/], gfgLsfG5L, af]/f / n7}tx¿ p;n] eg]sf]
h'g;'s} st'{t ug{ ;bf tof/ 5g\ . pm u|fdL0f o'jtLnfO{ 5nn] kGhfdf kf/]/ ue{jtL
t'NofO{ cfhLjg bf;L agfpF5 . piffh:tL csf{sL ljjflxtf ls;fg–k'qLsf] ckx/0f u/L
:jfy{ ;fWg pm tD;G5 . ;fdGtsf] ;hLj gd'gfsf ¿kdf /x]sf] >Lk|;fb df]xL, p;sf
kTgL / 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ sf]/f{ xfGg], 8/ b]vfpg] / wDsfpg] u5{ . ls;fgx¿nfO{ C0f
lbO{ Jofhsf dfWodaf6 rsf]{ zf]if0f u5{ . piff / ls/0fnfO{ cfg} dxndf aGbL
agfpg] sfd pm u5{ / ls/0fnfO{ a]OhtLsf ;fy h]n k7fpg] s'sd{ u5{ . ;bf kfn]–kx/fsf
aLr pm ;'/lIft 5 . s[lifafnfdf p;sf] k'mtL{kmftL{ / ;]vL ´fg]{ dfq xf]Og
p;nfO{ a]OHhtLk"j{s bl08t ug]{ sfd ul/Psf] 5 . p;n] ls;fgx¿;Fu cfgf ck/fw
sa'n ub}{ k|f0fsf] lev dfu]sf] 5 / ls;fgx¿sf dfu k"/f ug]{ jfrf;lxt krf;
xhf/ k]:sL lt/]sf] 5 . ;fdGtnfO{ ls;fgx¿ w'nf] r6fpg ;Ifd 5g\ eGg] s'/f
k|dfl0ft ub}{ ;fdGtjfbsf lj/f]wdf s[lifafnf plqPsf] 5 .
s[lifafnfn] ;fdGtjfbL
sGofbfgsf rSs/df nfUbf Ps hgf afx'gn] d'lgofFh:tL Kof/L 5f]/L >Lk|;fbnfO{
;'Dk]sf] / To;af6 d'lgofF cfhLjg kLl8t x'g k'u]sf] s'/f klg ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] 5 .
dflns / b|JonfO{ ;a}yf]s 7fGg] k|j[lQnfO{ pbfª\uf] kf/]/ To; k|j[lQsf lj?4 klg
o;n] r]tgf ;~rf/ u/]sf] 5 . ck/fwL >Lk|;fbn] cfk"mn] d'lgofFnfO{ ue{
af]sfof]Ù p;sf afa'nfO{ af]nfP/ gf]s/sf] ue{ af]s]sf] s'/f ;'gfO{ ;bfsf nfu
afa'sf] 3[0ffsf] kfq dfq xf]Og cfgL /vf}6L bf;L agfpg] cIfDo sfd u/]sf] s'/f
klg s[lifafnfn] 5n{ª\u kfl/lbPsf] 5 .
s[lifafnf uLltgf6\odf …of]uLÚ
/ …tk:jLÚ ag]sf JolQmx¿n] ;fdGt >Lk|;fbsf kf]n vf]n]sf] kfOG5 . o;af6 Psflt/
b]jsf]6fn] of]uL / tk:jL ;TojQmf x'G5g\ eGg] b]vfpg vf]h]sf] b]lvG5 eg] csf{lt/
b]jsf]6fn] ltgLx¿ / ;fdGtx¿aLr klg cGtlj{/f]w l;h{gf ug{ vf]h]sf] b]lvG5 . pgLx¿
klg st} >Lk|;fbs} pTkL8gaf6 of]uL / ;fw' aGg k'u]sf t xf]Ogg\ eGg] lh1f;f
ToxfF hlGdG5 . h;/L piff :jod\ jgb]jL aGg k'u]sL 5g\ . h];'s} xf];\, ;fdGtx¿sf
lj/f]wdf of]uL / tk:jLx¿ klg nfUg ;S5g\ eGg] s'/f oxfF k|6s ePsf] 5 .
s[lifafnfdf piffsf lktfnfO{
´f/k'msn] geO{ 8fS6/sf] cf}ifwLn] lgsf] agfPsf] 5 . ;fdGtjfb ´f/k'ms, af]S;L,
8fOgL, wfdL, emfFqmL, e"t, k|]t cflbdf ljZjf; u5{ . o; b[li6n] klg
;dfGtjfbL lrGtgeGbf leGg ljrf/ b]jsf]6fn] oxfF k|jflxt u/]sf] kfOG5 .
gfgLsfG5Ln] ;fdGtL ;'vef]usf cg]s k|nf]eg s[lifafnfdf
piffnfO{ b]vfPsL 5] . ;'gsf] aGbL, /];d ;f/L, df]tL dfnf, sfgdf xL/f, cf]7df
nfnL–kfp8/, cQ/sf] dudu, /fgLsf] h:tf] z[ª\uf/, d'vdf /;u'Nnf / a'na'nsf]
Kofnf, dvdnsf] y}nLel/ c;kmL{ / luGgL cflbsf] pkef]u ub}{ :ju{sf] ;'vef]u ug{
kmsfPsL 5] . oL ;f/f s'/fsf] lt/:sf/ ub}{ piffsf] ;fdGtL ;'v;onlj/f]wL :j/ o;/L
k|s6 x'G5—
piff – z/d 5}g < lt+nfO{ < sfG5L Û kz' xf]p ls
< ltdL dfG5] Û
of] piff
s] < sfxLF hfG5] < 7fn" ;]7sf] 3/ <
dfG5]
eGg' s:tf] j:t' < wft'´}F 5 s] of] ;:tf] <
oL ljleGg ;Gbe{x¿n] s] hgfpF5g\ eg] b]jsf]6f zf]lift–kLl8t
ls;fg, 36]/f], df]xL cflbsf] rl/q, sfd / ;+:s[ltk|lt cf:yf / ;xfg'e"lt
hufpg tyf hldgbf/ / ltgsf e/f}6]sf hLjgz}nL, b'ik|j[lQ, zf]ifs k|j[lQ, rfs/LafhL
cflbsf lj?4 3[0ff pdfg{ s[lifafnfdf pBt 5g\ . d'n'sdf lgdf{0f–ljsf;sf
sfd x'g glbg] / b'MvL–ul/anfO{ p7\g glbg] ;fdGtjfb g} xf] eGg] s'/f l;4 ub}{
To;sf lj?4 pleg o; s[ltn] ;Gb]z lbPsf] 5 .
dfgjLo d"No / ;f}Gbo{k|lt cf:yf
dfgjLo d"No / ;f}Gbo{k|ltsf] b]jsf]6fsf] cf:yf s[lifafnfsf
kª\lQm–kª\lQmdf b]Vg kfOG5 . piff / ls/0fsf] k|]d g} dfgjLo d"Nosf] pRr gd'gfsf
¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . h:tf];'s} k|lts"n cj:yfdf klg pgLx¿sf] Ps–csf{k|ltsf]
;b\efj / ljZjf;sf] pHofnf]nfO{ sfnf] afbnn] 5f]Kg ;s]g . >Lk|;fbn] kmsfpFbf,
nf]EofpFbf, aGbL cj:yfdf k'mtL{ b]vfpFbf / PSn} jgsf] u'kmfdf lbg u'hfbf{ klg
piffn] cfgf k|]dL / klt ls/0fk|ltsf] k|]d–efjgfdf sdL cfpg lbOgg\ . ls/0fn]
klg rf]/Lsf] cf/f]k nflu ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf ab\gfdL ul/Fbf, h]ndf kbf{, agf/;df
k9\bf / >Lk|;fbsf lj?4 cfGbf]ngdf xf]ldFbf ;bf piffnfO{ Åbosf] ulx/fOdf
/flv/x] .
piffsf] cfgf dftflktf / efOalxgLk|ltsf] k|]ddf klg dfgjLo
efjgfsf] ;'Gb/ afGsL k]mnf k5{ . pgL kl/jf/sf] ef]ssf] Hjfnf lgefpg, lktfsf]
pkrf/ ug{, efOalxgLnfO{ e'nfpg, ;FuftLnfO{ dg /fVg ;bf dfgjLo Jojxf/ ul5{g\ .
pgsf tL sd{ ´lNsg] s]xL kª\lQmx¿ oxfF k|:t't 5g\—
piff – lxF8], lxF8] d]/L cfdf Û laxfgsf] tf/f
cfdf, dVv/ lanfOu} 5
l;KnLsfg / l;:gf] NofpF5', kL7f] 3§åf/f
cfdf
< Ps d'ÝL XØ}F 5 Û
/u]lNbgf];\
sfG5'nfO{ Û kL/n] 5'§L ;f/f Û
piff – d]/f] a'af xh'/nfO{ s] ePsf] x/] Û
gL/sf]
7'Gsf] d'v 5 cfh, cfFvf Psf]x/] Û
piff – atfpm k+IfL Û ltd|f] sxfgL .
nf}g t Û nf}g t Û ;'g"F P gfgL Û
36]/f]n] piff / ls/0fsf] ;DaGw ufF:g u/]sf] sfd / ufpFn]x¿n]
piff / ls/0fsf] ljjfx–ef]hdf b]vfPsf] ;b\efj / pb\uf/ dfgjLo d"No /
;f}Gbo{n] o'Qm 5g\ . o;/L g} ls/0fn] piffsf afa' dfgjL/ xnL la/fdL ePsf a]nf JoQm
u/]sf] efjgf / ;xof]u klg dfgjf]lrt u'0fn] el/Psf] 5 . pgL eG5g\—
ls/0f – d]/f] e}F;L b'x'gL 5, kGw| aL;sL nfx'/L
Hofg
eg]sf] ;fgf] xf]Og, To;sf] s]sf] efp /] <
d'lgofFn] piffk|lt / l;kfxLn] ls/0fk|lt u/]sf Jojxf/ klg c;n
dfgjLo lgotaf6 ul/Psf sfo{ x'g\ . cfgL r]nLsf vf]hLdf ufpFn]x¿n] >Lk|;fbsf
sf]7f–rf]6f rxfg'{ / cGofo–cTofrf/sf lj?4 p7L >Lk|;fb / p;sf e/f}6]x¿nfO{
7]ufg nufpg] sfd ug'{df klg dfgjLo d"No;Fu ;DalGwt ljj]s / ;fx;sf] kl/ro
´lNsPsf] 5 .
>Lk|;fbsf dfgjtflj/f]wL sfo{x¿n] dfG5]nfO{ To;tk{m gtflgg
;r]t t'NofpF5g\ . pm csf{sf] b'Mv–kL8fdf ;xof]uL x'g'sf] ;f6f] csf{sf] v';L
vf]:g] cdfgjLo sfo{df nfu]sf] kfOG5 . pm cefju|:t df]xLnfO{ ´'G8\ofpg] s'/f u5{
eg] afx'gsf] ;/ntfsf] kmfObf p7fpg kfPsf]df k'mOF{ nufpF5 . p;sf] cdfgjLo
cg'xf/ tnsf cleJolQmdf e]l6G5—
>Lk|;fb –n]
n] ´'G8\of afF;}df
s:g /] kftf 8f]/Ln]
æef]sfO{ afx'g l;Wofof]
eG5 P 5f]/f 5f]/Ln]
>Lk|;fb – ;'/;'/L
lg:Sof] afx'g qmf]wL, ;Lwf x} uf} k|f0fL
x x x x
Û >Lk|;fb 7fn" Û
;lhn};Fu
kf] kmSof]{ efn" Û
7fn"nfO{
ef] ;:t} cfn'
kRrf;n] lsg]F Pp6f uwfsL 5f]/Lsf] hjfgL
Û
p;n] piff / ls/0fk|lt u/]sf] cdfgjLo Jojxf/sf] t s'/f u/L
;fWo 5}g . To;}n] b]jsf]6fn] pRrjuL{o cdfgjLo ultljlwsf] j0f{gaf6 klg dfG5]df
dfgjLo efjgf eg]{ dg;fo /fv]sf 5g\ .
>dk|lt lgi7f
>dk|ltsf] lgi7fn] s[lifafnfnfO{ >ldsx¿sf]
uLltgf6\o eGg ;lsg] t'NofPsf] 5 . oxfFsf dfgjL/ xnL, df]xL, 36]/f] / tdfd ls;fg
Pjd\ ltgsf kl/jf/n] hLjg–lgjf{xsf lglDt /ft–lbg kl;gf aufPsf 5g\ .
uLltgf6\osf/n] ltgsf sfdsf] j0f{g v'nf Åbon] u/]sf 5g\ . piff l;lKnsfg / l;:gf]
l6Kg, 3§ lk;fpg, sfkmn / P]F;]n' l6Kg cfk}mF klg bu'l//x]sL e]l6lG5g\ . ls/0fsf
3/df b'x'gf] e}F;L kflnPsf] 5 . 36]/f] cfgf >ddf afFr]sf] 5 . kx/fdf a:g]
l;kfxL klg cfg} kf}/vdf l6s]sf] 5 . ufpFdf tdfd ls;fgx¿ wfgsf afnf ´'nfpFb} /
ux'F, ds}, sf]bf] cflb kmnfpFb} hLjgnfO{ >d;Fu Psa4 t'NofO{ afFr]sf 5g\ .
b]jsf]6f s[lifafnfdf logsf] hLjgdf pHofnf] cfPsf] b]Vg rfxG5g\ .
>Lk|;fbh:tf 7fn'n] logsf] >dsf] sdfO vfO{ df]hdHhf ug]{ / ls;fgx¿sf] hLjg
5fs 6fg]{ ;d:ofn] u|:t eO/xg] lj8Dagfk"0f{ l:yltsf] cGTo ePsf] pgL b]Vg
rfxG5g\ .
ls;fgx¿n] cfgf] >dk|lt o; s[ltdf uj{ u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿ o;
hLjgdf >drf]/sf axLvftfsf] cFr]6fOaf6 d'Qm eO{ lxnf]–d}nf]aLrsf] sdn´}F
k'mNg rfxG5g\ . pgLx¿ oxfF uLt ufpFb} eG5g\—
xfdL Ujfnf ufO{lhdLsf, xfdL b'MvL
l/ldl´dLsf
lxnf]
´}F 5 d}nf] hLjg, sdn ´}F 5 k'mNg' ca g Û
h'ufg\h'u
xssf xl/g] alxvftf c+s w;g
ls/0f :jo+ ls;fg hufpg nfu]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿sf] >dsf] kmn
y'lk|Psf] 7fn'sf] 3/df k'u]/ p;sf] xs vf]:t} ls;fgsf] hLjgnfO{ ;'Gb/ agfpg]
pgsf] rfxgf 5 . To;}n] pgL cfXjfg u5{g\—
æls;fg xf] Û
hfpFm 7fn" 3/ Û
dfu xfd|f] c8]/
k'¥ofpFnf ÛÆ
ls;fgsf] >dsf] d"No kfpg 7fn'af6 xs vf]:g clgjfo{ 5 /
ls;fgx¿sf] ;ª\ul7t ;ª\3if{af6 dfq Tof] ;Dej 5 eGg] s'/f ls/0fn] /fd|/L a'´]sf
5g\ . To;}n] xhf/f}F ul/anfO{ Ps 8Nnf] kf/L wgLsf lj?4 ul/g] ;ª\3if{df pgL
g]t[Tj ug{ cl3 dfq ;/]gg\ >Lk|;fbh:tf ;fdGtnfO{ tx nufpg klg ;kmn eP Û dfG5]x¿nfO{
>dk|lt cf:yfjfg\ t'Nofpg ls;fg cfGbf]ngsf] s]–slt dxÎj 5 eGg] s'/f To;}
5n{ª\u 5 . s[ltsf cGTolt/ ls/0f / piffn] ufPsf] uLtdf klg s[lif–sd{sf] dlxdf
ufOPsf] 5 . pgLx¿n] ;+o'Qm ¿kdf ufPsf 5g\—
æwfgsf afnf ´'n]
x} b]z} /dfOnf]
´'Kkf nfu] bfgf
;'g af]6 ;dfO{ nÆ
;fdGt >Lk|;fbsf] lbg 9fNg] b[li6n] p;sf] xs vf]:g lxF8]sf]
>lds ls;fgx¿sf] n:s/n] >d gu/L df]hd:tL ug]{x¿ ;dfhsf clezfk x'g\ eGg]
s'/f l;4 u/]sf] 5 / >ldsx¿ g} c;n ;dfhsf cfwf/ x'g\ eGg] s'/f k'li6 u/]sf] 5
. o;af6 >ldssf] lz/ 7f8f] x'g] tyf >dk|ltsf] lgi7f a9\g] s'/f ;'lglZrt 5
.
;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fsf] kIfw/tf
;fdGtL ;dfhnfO{ ¿kfGt/0f ug]{ p2]Zo s[lifafnfn]
/fv]sf] b]lvG5 . ;fdGtx¿n] ;dfhdf u/]sf] cfly{s zf]if0f, of}g–zf]if0f,
WjfF;wDsL, ckx/0f, ckdfg, h]nrnfg, aGbL cj:yf cflbaf6 ;dfhnfO{ d'lQm lbnfpFb}
gofF ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ clek|fo o;df k|s6 ePsf] 5 . o;n] piff / ls/0fh:tf
;fx;L, h'´f?, / cTofrf/–lj/f]wL o'jfx¿ ;dfhdf ck]lIft 5g\ eGg] ;Gb]z k|jflxt
u/]sf] 5 . b]zdf ljBfno, k':tsfno, 3/]n' sf/vfgf, gx/, cfw'lgs v]tL cflbsf dfWodaf6
ul/g] ljsf;sf] afws ;fdGtL–zf]if0f g} xf] / To;sf] cGTokl5 dfq cfw'lgs ljsf;
;Dej 5 eGg] o;sf] lgisif{ 5 .
s[lifk|wfg d'n's g]kfndf ljsf;sf] d"n cfwf/ g} s[lif xf]
eGg] s'/f b]jsf]6fn] /fd|/L a'´]sf lyP . oxfF Pp6} JolQmn] xhf/f}F dfG5]x¿nfO{
shfO{ pgLx¿sf] cfDbfgLsf] 7"nf] lx:;f k|fKt ub{5 / To;sf cfwf/df cg]s
s'sd{ ub{5 eGg] klg pgnfO{ yfx lyof] . To;}n] o:tf] k|sf/sf] ;dfh /xFbf;Dd
dfG5]x¿n] b'Mv kfO/xg] x'Fbf pgL o;nfO{ abNg rfxGy] . d'n'ssf ljleGg efudf ls;fg
cfGbf]ng xf]pmg\ / ;fdGtL pTkfbg–;DaGw kl/jt{g xf]cf];\ eGg] pgsf] rfxgf lyof]
. To;}n] pgL ;fFv'sf] >Lk|;fbh:tf 7fn'x¿sf cufl8 ls;fgx¿sf dfu k|:t't ug{ s[lifafnfdf
cl3 ;/]sf x'g\ . pgn] :ki6tM s:tf] ;dfh l;h{gf ug]{ eGg]af/] vf;} wf/0ff k|:t't
gu/] klg ls;fgx¿sf] zf]if0f gx'g], pgLx¿ cfgf] sdfOdf /dfpg kfpg] / cGofodf
lklN;g' gkg]{ ;dfhsf] ck]Iff u/]sf] s'/f eg] sfJoaf6 ;fª\s]lts 5 . ;fob pgn]
ck]Iff u/]sf] ;dfhdf piff / d'lgofFn] cfF;' aufpg'kg]{ 5}gÙ ;/n afx'gsf]
;/ntfsf] pkxf; ul/g] 5}gÙ ls;fgx¿sf 3/ s;}sf if8\oGqdf p7\g] 5}gg\Ù xnL /
df]xLnfO{ kftf s:g] jf afF;df ´'G8\ofpg] sfd ul/g] 5}gÙ o'jtLx¿ ckx/0f u/L aGbL
agfOg] 5}gg\Ù o'jsx¿ k|tfl8t / ckdflgt x'Fb} h]ndf k'Ug] 5}gg\Ù b'MvL ul/ax¿
C0fdf 8'Ab} pl7af; nfUg] 5}gg\Ù dfG5]x¿ cf}ifwLd"nf] gkfO{ csfn dg]{ 5}gg\
/ Ond gkfO{ ef}Ftfl/g] 5}gg\ eGg] s'/f rflxF ToxfFaf6 c8\sn sf6\g ;lsG5 .
@)!@ – @)!# ;fnlt/ b]jsf]6fn] b]v]–ef]u]sf] / ¿kfGt/0f ug{
rfx]sf] s[lifafnfsf] ;dfh clxn] slt ¿kfGtl/t ePsf] 5 Tof] t
d"Nofª\sgsf] ljifo x'g ;St5 . pgsf] o; ljrf/sf] k|efj eg] g]kfnL ;flxTo / ¿kfGt/0fsf/L
zlQmx¿sf] dxÎjk"0f{ ;fdu|L ag]/ a:tL–a:tLdf lj:tfl/t ePsf] 5 . ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fnfO{
g} nIo ub}{ ls/0fsf d'vaf6 b]jsf]6fn] eg]sf 5g\—
d;fg xf] Û of] xfd|f] hLjg Û
xs xfd|f] an}n] kmsf{pFnf .
ls;fg xf] Û hfpF 7fn" 3/
dfu xfd|f] c8]/ k'¥ofpFnf Û
hgtfaLrsf] Pstf
s[lifafnfdf JolQmut ¿kdf klg
;ª\3if{sf k|oTg ePsf 5g\ t/ tLeGbf k|efjk"0f{ ;ª\3if{ hgtfaLrsf] Pstfsf
andf ePsf 5g\ . piff / ls/0fn] cfg} ana'tfdf u/]sf ;ª\3if{af6 pgLx¿sf]
:jfledfg;Dd hf]luP klg >Lk|;fbn] pgLx¿nfO{ kmGbfdf kfl/5f8\of] .
;fd"lxs ¿kdf ufpFn]x¿ 3/]n' xltof/;lxt 3/df cfpFbf pm ys{dfg t eof] t/
hfn´]n u/L pgLx¿nfO{ kG5fpg pm ;kmn eof] . af]Ng g;Sg]x¿nfO{ t pm To;/L sfFr}
vfOlbGYof] h;/L df]xL / pgsf] kl/jf/ tyf afx'g / pgsL 5f]/L d'lgofFnfO{ n'6\g /
;tfpg pm ;kmn eof] . ;ª\ul7t / ;r]t ls;fg–cfGbf]ngsf cufl8 eg] pm 3'F8f 6]Sg
ljjz ePsf] 5 . ls/0fn] agf/;af6 kms]{/ ls;fgx¿nfO{ Ps 8Nnf] kfb}{ >Lk|;fbsf
lj?4 u/]sf] le8Gtsf lj?4 eg] p;n] s]xL ug{ g;sL cfTd;dk{0f u¥of] . hgtfsf]
Pstfa4 zlQmsf cl3 s'g} dxfaln klg l6Sg ;St}g eGg] s'/f oxfF b]vf k/]sf] 5 . oxLF
klg ck/fwLk|lt /flvPsf] pbf/ b[li6n] ubf{ ufpF 89\of] / piffsf kl/jf/;lxt c?
klg d[To'sf d'vdf k'u] . o;af6 hgcfGbf]ngsf] ;kmntfkl5 klg x'g;Sg] ;Defljt
if8\oGqlt/ cfGbf]ngsf/L zlQmsf] Wofg k'Ug g;s]sf] b]lvG5 . cfGbf]ngsf ;kmntfdf
/dfO/x]sf a]nf x'g ;Sg] if8\oGqk|lt cfFvf lrlDng'n] xflgsf/s kl/0ffd Nofpg;Sg]
s'/f klg ToxfF b]Vg ;lsG5 .
/fli6«o efjgfsf] cleJolQm
;+;f/sf ;Dk"0f{ dhb'/x¿sf] Pstfsf] efjgf af]Sg]
k|ultjfbLx¿ cjZod]j ;ª\s'lrt /fi6«jfbeGbf dfly p7]/ cGt/f{i6«jfbsf] kIfdf
pleG5g\ t/ s'g} klg cf}klgj]lzs jf gjcf}klgj]lzs ;fª\nf]df h]lng'kbf{ eg]
/fi6«jfbsf] kIfdf b[9tfk"j{s pleg] klg pgLx¿ g} x'G5g\ . km]l/ …hggL
hGde"ldZr :juf{blk u/Lol;Úsf] efjgfn] gleHg] dfG5] klg t sd} x'G5g\ .
To;df klg efjsf ;fu/df 8'a'NsL nufO/xg], g]kfnsf] k|frLg / cjf{rLg dlxdf ufP/
gyfSg] clg k|s[ltsf] dGdo j0f{g ug{ kfpFbf c¿ ;a} s'/f lal;{g] b]jsf]6fsf]
/fli6«o efjgfsf] e]n s[lifafnfdf gauL s] 5f]8\Yof] Û
ls/0fn]
agf/; hfg nfUbf rGb|lul/ eGHofªdf ufPsf uLtx¿ /fli6«otfsf efjgfn] cf]tk|f]t 5g\
. ToxfF pgn] ;'gf}nf g]kfnsf r'r'/fx¿df cf/tLe}mF nvaQL aNg] u/]sf], kj{tx¿n]
tfdf–/ª\u wf/0ff u/]sf], afbneGbf dfly sflGtsf] ;x/ ;'gf}nf] :ju{sf ¿kdf wkwk
aNg] u/]sf], gfua]nL hn xl/of] jgsf aLrdf k|jflxt /x]sf], nfvf}F em/gfx¿ 5ftLdf
wf/0ff u/]sf], cª\uel/ ;'Gb/ dlGb/x¿ /x]sf], uGwj{ / cK;/fu0fsf] lxdfndf 5fofFh:t}
cg]s hfltn] a;f]af; u/]sf] cflb cg]s ljz]iftfsf] pNn]v ub}{ uLtsf efsfdf g]kfnsf]
dlxdf ufPsf 5g\ . pgL eG5g\—
ælemnldn aN5g\ nvaQL r"nL cf/tL
e}mF ;'gf}nL g]kfnsf]
nvemgf{ pbf/ 5ftL kj{ta]nL :j¿k 5
lxdfnsf] .Æ
pgn]
sfJosf] p7fgdf, nfj0o gu/L / ;fnL gbLsf] j0f{gdf clg ToxfFsf jghª\un / u'kmf
Pjd\ ufpFa:tLsf] aofgdf klg /fli6«otfsf efjgfnfO{ 3f]n]/ k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ .
tnsf s]xL kª\lQmx¿ o;sf pbfx/0f aGg ;St5g\—
j;Gtsf] laxfg cfof], sfkmn r/L
ufO{ xf]
nfnufn] laxfgLn] ls/0f b'lxg\
Wjf/–Wjf/
P]F;]n'sf ;'gsf bfgf, l6lK5g\
jgdf h"g e}mF afnf
zfnL gbL ;'Gb/L, enemnfpFbL hn–h/L
b'u'b{l5g\ r~rn
x]/ krf; k/fn 5fgf, uf]a/df6]
lrNnf gfgf .
luHofO a:5g\ dxn .
oxfFsf
P]F;]n', sfkmn, nfnufn] laxfgL, k/fn] 5fgf cflbdf g]kfnLkgf / To;k|ltsf] ddTj
emlNsG5g\ . o;k|sf/sf] j0f{g pgn] s[lifafnfdf ljleGg :yfgsf cg]s ;Gbe{df
k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ .
cGtj{:t';Fu
¿ksf] ;+of]hg
åGåfTds
ef}ltsjfbn] cGtj{:t' / ¿knfO{ j:t' / 36gfsf cfwf/e"t kIfsf ¿kdf x]b}{ oL
b'O{ kIfnfO{ Pp6} ;ª\36gfsf cleGg b'O{ cª\u dfg]sf] kfOG5 -ltdN;]gf M (%_ . oL
b'j} Ps–csf{df cg':o't Pjd\ cGof]Gofl>t klg 5g\ -kf]v/]n M $*_ . cGtj{:'tnfO{
j:t', sYo, ljrf/, efj / cy{h:tf zAbx¿åf/f klg lrgfOPsf] kfOG5 eg] ¿kcGtu{t
;+/rgf, efiff, no÷5Gb, ljDa, cnª\sf/ / k|tLs kb{5g\ . …snf snfsf nfluÚsf]
dfGotf /fVg]x¿ cGtj{:t' / ¿knfO{ b'O{ leGgfleGg} s'/f dfG5g\ / cGtj{:t'af6 cnUofP/
¿ks} cfwf/df dfq ;flxTosf] kf/v ug]{lt/ klg nfU5g\ t/ k|ultjfbdf eg] ltgnfO{
cnUofpg gldNg] tÎjsf ¿kdf lnOG5Ù a? cGtj{:t'nfO{ ;zQm t'Nofpg] ;xof]uLsf ¿kdf ¿knfO{
lnOG5 . oL b'j}sf] ;+of]hgdf g} ;flxlTos s[lt k|efjsf/L x'g] ePsfn] s[lifafnfdf
b]jsf]6fn] To;sf lglDt r]i6f u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;sf] kmn:j¿k o; s[ltn] ;'lglZrt
;+/rgf, uLltno, hgaf]nL, k|efjk"0f{ ljDafnª\sf/ / k|tLssf] ;fxro{ k||fKt
u/sf] 5 .
s[lifafnf
uLltgf6\o %& v08df ljeflht 5 / l8dfO cfsf/sf] () k[i7df ;+/lrt 5 . To;}n]
k|bz{gsf lglDt nfdf] ;dosf] cTof; bz{sx¿n] o;df a]xf]g'{ gkg]{ cj:yf 5 . kbf{
v:g] ;ª\s]t hDdf !! v08df dfq kfOG5 eg] t]x|f}F v08nfO{ -s_ / -v_ pkv08df
ljefhg ul/Psf] 5 . j]ze"iffaf/] s]xL ;ª\s]t gul/Psfn] k|bz{gstf{x¿sf]
:j}lR5s rogdf Tof] lge{/ 5 . o;af6 s] b]lvG5 eg] b]jsf]6fn] o;nfO{ k"0f{tM
kl/is[lt lbg kfPsf lyPgg\ oBlk sltko ;ª\s]tsf cfwf/df b[Zo / j]ze"iffnfO{
Jojl:yt ug{ ;lsg] l:ylt ToxfF ljBdfg 5 . st} pb\3f]ifs / st} kfqx¿sf dfWodaf6
ljifoj:t'sf] ;+jfbfTds k|:t'lt ePsf] o; s[ltdf k'?if–dlxnf, afns, o'jf / k|f}9
rl/qx¿sf k|:t'lt 5g\ .
b]jsf]6fn]
s[lifafnfsf] no–ljwfgnfO{ uLltnodf cfwfl/t agfPsf 5g\ . sltko hghLjgdf
l/em]leh]sf / sltko cfgf k|of]usf cfwf/df o; s[ltnfO{ pgn] nofTds t'NofPsf 5g\
. ToxfF rf/ cIf/sf afn–nob]lv pGgfO; cIf/sf e\mofp/] no;DdnfO{ k|of]u ul/Psf] 5
. sf7df8f}Fsf] sfF7lt/ k|rlnt /l;ofsf] nonfO{ klg pgn] o; s[ltdf leœofPsf 5g\ . pgn] k|of]u u/]sf s]xL nf]slk|o nosf gd'gfx¿
o;k|sf/ 5g\—
3fF; Rjf/ Rjf/ -$
cIf/_
xfjf Xjf/ Xjf/ -$
cIf/_
ltdL d]/f] ;Fudf < -^
cIf/_
rLF rLF Û lr/ lr/ -$ cIf/_
s]F Û s]F Û sfs Û sfs Û -$
cIf/_
ªofp Û ªofp Û e'/ Û e'/ -$ cIf/_
b'O{ k"mn agf}Fnf Pp6}
l;ª\uf] -( cIf/_
Pp6} Kof/sf] ;]tf] y'Fuf] -*
cIf/_
dudu x'Fnf jgdf -^ cIf/_
cfDd} eVv/ d}n] lrg]F -* cIf/_
slxn] lrGof 5}g eg]F < -* cIf/_
a:g] cf]e]mnLdf -^
cIf/_
afbn h:tf] ;kgf ltd|f] -( cIf/_
5ftLdf d]/f] c8]; vfnf -( cIf/_
lglb|t e}sg lnpFnL ;dflw -!)
cIf/_
x'FnL /ftdf kj{t–dfnf -( cIf/_
xfO xf] Û ls;fg efO xf] Û
uf}FynLnfO{ xfO xf] Û -!@ cIf/_
;]tf], dL7f] xfF;f]
cfn"av\8fnfO{ xf] Û -!@ cIf/_
wfgsf afnf e'mn] x} b]z} /dfOnf] -!@
cIf/_
e'mKkf nfu] bfgf ;'g af]6 ;dfO n -!@ cIf/_
sNn] Nofof] Û eg lbbL Û slt
/fd|f] xls < -!$ cIf/_
dL7f] gfgf Û ld7f] afhf Û kfkf
o;df 5 ls < -!$ cIf/_
sfG5'nfO{ Pp6f e]8f, v's'/Ln]
5ofSs} -!$ cIf/_
rLgLnfO{ Pp6f af]sf, t/af/n]
KofSs} -!$ cIf/_
cf]8f/ afof] cfF cfF -^
cIf/_
6'6]sf] kft xfjfdf gfrL sfFk]/
emg]{ jg -!^ cIf/_
PsfGtleq o:t} 5 hLjg Û o:t} 5
d]/f] dg -!^ cIf/_
ca eg\ /fj0f Û ;Ltf d]/L s'g
nª\sfdf /fVof 5;\ < -!^ cIf/_
cyjf df/L bf]if ld6fpg s'g
vf8ndf hfSof 5;\ -!^ cIf/_
P]F;]n'sf ;'gsf bfgf, l6lK5g\
jgdf h"g e}mF afnf -!^ cIf/_
a'na'n u5{ k"mndf ufgf,
dlb/f eGb} u'nfkm ufnf .. -!^ cIf/_
s7} d]/L piffsf ufnf oL u'nfkm
e}mF aGbf x'g\ w";/ -!( cIf/_
cFWof/f]n] 5f]k]sf] xf]nf tf/f
ugL embf{ x'g\ gh/ -!( cIf/_
;+;f/sf] jg, z+s/hLsf] dg,
kfj{tLnfO{ agfÚsf] . -!( cIf/_
Ps u'kmfsf] Wjlg, u'FH5 cfsf]{
d'lg, To;}n] xf] ;'gfÚsf] . -!(
cIf/_
logsf
cltl/Qm cGo ljleGg nox¿ klg pgn] k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ . slxn]sfxLF b'O{j6f rl/qsf
;+jfbsf aLr cGTofg'k|f; ldnfpg] 5fF6n] klg pgn] nonfO{ shfPsf] kfOG5—
>Lk|;fb — af]N5;\ < gfy] Û 58Lsf]
/f]uL Û
ahfpmF t]/f Eoftn ufnf <
ls/0f — sf] xf];\ < nf} cf 58L rvfpg]
<
l;GsL vfFb"F < nf} nf
ufnfF Û
oL
ljleGg non] sfJonfO{ /f]rs agfPsf 5g\ . sltko nox¿ / oxfF k|of]u ul/Psf
kª\lQmx¿ dfG5]sf unfdf g} e'mG8]sfn] tL nf]slk|o 5g\ eGg] s'/f :ki6 x'G5 .
…wfgsf] afnf e'mNof] x} b]z} /dfOnf]Úh:tf] nf]suLtn] bzel/ g} JoflKt kfPsf]
b]lvG5 . :j/ / Jo~hgx¿, zAbx¿, kª\lQmx¿ / r/0fsf] cfj[lQåf/f no pTkGg ug]{ sfd
klg oxfF ePsf] 5 . cfBfg'k|f;, dWofg'k|f; / cGTofg'k|f;sf] lgjf{x oxfF /fd|}
9ª\un] ul/Psf] 5 . nf]snosf] k|of]un] ubf{ of] uLltgf6\o cfgf] ;Gb]z Jofks
hg;d'bfodfem lkmFhfpg ;kmn ePsf] 5 .
b]jsf]6]nL
efiff–k|of]usf] ljz]iftfnfO{ o; uLltgf6\odf klg b]Vg ;lsG5 . oxfF pgn] clwsf+ztM
tb\ej zAbsf] / s]xL dfqfdf tT;d zAbsf] k|of]u u/]sf 5g\ . ls;fg, laxfgL, ;]tf],
kfvf, ;kgf, ¿v, ;'g, h]d/fh, l;Fb'/, lg7\7'/, lahf]u, xft, sfg cflb cg]s tb\ej
zAbx¿ oxfF k|o'Qm 5g\ . o;/L g} bfg, wd{, s7f]/, q"m/, lbjf, lgzf, e:d]Zj/,
k|no, ;t[i0f cflb rngrNtLsf tT;d zAbx¿sf] k|of]u klg pgn] u/]sf 5g\ . sxLFsxLF
;+:s[tsf ehg / kbfjnL klg pgn] k|of]u u/]sf 5g\Ù h:t}—
ç ç sf/f Û cd[t wf/f Û
;To ;bf lzj Û z+s/ Û z+s/ Û
lzj;t\ ;'wfsf] kf/fjf/f Û
ç ç sf/f Û ç sf/f Û
tT;d
zAbx¿ af]wuDo g} 5g\ . oxfF s]xL cª\u|]hL— 8fS6/, nfnl6g, 6]lan cflbÙ s]xL
c/aL–kmf/;L— tslnkm, ul/a cflb / s]xL g]jf/ efiffsf— lal;x'F, h'h' cflb zAbx¿
klg k|o'Qm 5g\ . oL ;a} zAb ;/n ¿kdf s'g} hl6ntfljgf pkl:yt 5g\ . oxfF
hglha|f]nfO{ Vofn u/]/ kfqcg';f/sf] efiff k|of]u ug]{ k|oTg klg ePsf] 5 . o;
qmddf l;Fu'nf], s]g, Sofg, lhNkmL, cf};/, s's'N9's, gFu, afHof, gfu/, sfG5',
XofF, aftf], dftf], d6/, p9\9f/, s':6L, hfF/ cflb zAbx¿ k|of]u ePsf e]l6G5g\ .
ltgn] s[ltsf] k|efjnfO{ gvnaNofO{ ?lrs/ agfpg g} ;3fp k'¥ofPsf 5g\ .
cg's/0ffTds zAbx¿k|ltsf] b]jsf]6fsf] df]x klg oxfF b]lvG5 . e\mjfne\mjfn,
e't'Ss}, snsn, emndn, Ujf/Ujf/, rdrd, 5ofs5ofs, Rjf/Rjf/, Xjf/Xjf/, x/x/h:tf
cg]s zAb oxfF 5g\ . b]jsf]6f cfgf] efj JoQm ug{ zAbnfO{ gofF 9ª\un] k|of]u ug{
klg pBt b]lvG5g\Ù h:t}— a6\of], Hjfn"F, lzsf/]Fh:tf pgn] k|of]u u/]sf
lqmofkbdf gf}nf]kgf b]lvG5 . pgn] efiffdf ld7f; eg{ agfPsf s]xL ljz]if0f klg
/x/nfUbf 5g\Ù h:t}— kx]Fnkft], uf]a/df6], nfnufn], at'/], zfFv'nL cflb . pgsf]
o; s[ltdf /fdgfdsf] 8'ª\uLdf r9\g', j/sf] af]6df kmnfOlbg', kftf s:g',
lhGbuLsf] a6'sf], l;Fu'nf] dfG5], bfgL s0f{, h'F3] ds}h:tf nfIfl0fs cy{ lbg]
6'Ssfx¿ klg k|o'Qm 5g\ . Pp6} zAbsf klg y/Ly/Lsf ¿kÙ h:t}— …piffÚ / …pmiffÚ
5fF6sf k|of]u klg oxfF e]l6G5g\ . pgn] efjnfO{ JoQm ug]{ qmddf a]/f]s6f]s
cleJolQm lbFbf h'g eflifs k|efj vnalnG5 To;af6 of] s[lt klg hf]lug ;s]sf] 5}g .
lrXgsf] k|of]u, zAbsf] dfgstf / nosf lglDt xf]l;of/Ltk{m ;r]ttf gePsfn] sltko
7fpFdf k|efj Ifltu|:t x'g k'u]sf] 5 . s]xL sdL–sdhf]/Lsf cltl/Qm klg afnaf]nL,
g]jf/ ;d'bfosf] g]kfnL af]nL / sYo g]kfnL af]nL;d]tnfO{ ;d]6L l;h{gf ul/Psf] o;
uLltgf6\osf] efiff o;sf] sYo ljifonfO{ hg;d'bfo;dIf ;Dk|]if0f ug]{ Ifdtfn] o'Qm
5 .
s[lifafnf
uLltgf6\onfO{ /l;nf], nfIfl0fs / Joª\UofTds ljz]iftfn] o'Qm t'Nofpg k|tLs, ljDa
/ cnª\sf/sf] klg ;d'lrt k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . oxfFsf kfqx¿ piff, ls/0f,
>Lk|;fb, rt'/] cflbsf gfdx¿ :jod\ g} k|tLsfTds 5g\ . ;dfhdf pHofn] leœofpg] / 5g]{ piff / ls/0f, P]Zjo{zfnL >Lk|;fb /
p;nfO{ a7\ofOF l;sfpg] rt'/] cfgf sfdcg';f/sf gfd lnO{ sfJodf b]vf k/]sf 5g\ .
oxfF piffsf lglDt sfnL, sª\ufnL / jgb]jLÙ st} cfTdfsf lglDt / st} aGbL o'jtLsf
lglDt kG5L clg >Lk|;fbsf lglDt efn' k|tLsfTds ¿kdf k|of]u ePsf] kfOG5 . k|:t'taf6
ck|:t'tsf] af]w u/fpg] lsl;dn] JoQm ePsf s]xL k|tLsfTds cleJolQmsf gd'gf o;k|sf/
5g\—
ca eg\ /fj0f Û ;Ltf d]/L s'g
n+sfdf /fVof 5;\ <
cyjf df/L bf]if d]6fpg s'g
vfN8fdf hfSof 5;\ <
;'gsf] 5fgf] nfuf];\ 3/df Û nIdL
3/df a;"g\
hftnfO{ bf]6f efn] / kf]yL, za{t
dL7f] lunf;nfO{
d]/f] e}F;L b'x'gL 5, kGw| aL;sL
nfx'/L Û
Hofg eg]sf] ;fgf] xf]Og To;sf]
s]sf] efp /] Û
abnf lng] pkfo zf]Rg Û rt'/]
cSsLnn]
af3sf] h'F3f lkFw]/ lknf
cfsnemsnn]
->Lk|;fbk|lt_ vfpnf km;L{
emf]n Û
s] d'v nfsf] < s] sfFlk/fÚsf]
s] DofpFsf] u¥of af]n <
dflysf
k|tLsfTds cleJolQmdf …/fj0fÚ >Lk|;fbsf], …;LtfÚ piffsf], …nª\sfÚ ckx/0f u/]/
/flvg] 7fpFsf], …;'gsf] 5fgf]Ú ;DkGgtfsf] / …nIdLÚ wgsf] k|tLssf ¿kdf k|:t't
5g\ .
o;/L
g} …d]/f] e}F;L ==== efp /]Ún] e}F;L a]r]/ s;}sf] Hofg arfpg] dg;fo JoQm
ul//x]sf] kfOG5 . …af3sf] h'F3f lkFw]/ lknfÚn] s;}nfO{ b'Mv lbg] cfu|xsf]Ù
…vfpnf km;L{ emf]nÚn] ld7f] vfg] lbg ;lsg] ;Defjgfsf] / …DofpFsf] af]nÚn]
sft/tfk"0f{ af]nLsf] k|tLssf ¿kdf sfd u/]sf 5g\ . s[lifafnfleq o:tf
k|of]ux¿ ljleGg kª\lQmdf kfOG5g\ .
ljDasf
b[li6n] klg s[lifafnf cWoogLo s[lt aGg k'u]sf] 5 . oxfF hLjgsf] snfTds k|ltljDagsf]
k|oTg ub}{ b[Zodfg pkd]o / pkdfgsf dfWodaf6 cleJolQmnfO{ k|efjk"0f{
agfOPsf] 5 . tnsf s]xL kª\lQmx¿n] o; s[ltdf b]jsf]6fn] k|of]u u/]sf ljDax¿af/]
hfgsf/L lbG5g\—
jg xjfsL ;';]nL d kx]FnL x'F kft
P Vjfldt Û bzf c3f]/ kf] laUo|f]
zlg / /fx"n]
latfOxfNof] laOHht u/L ls/0f]
;fx"n]
hndf h"gsf] t/ 5 lkpF5f}F,
df]n To;sf] df]tL lbG5f}F .
k"mnsf]ledf, kftdf emf/L,
zLtbfgf emnemn .
sk"/sL bf/sL, ;'Gtn] ef/sL
k'm6]sL bfgf nfn nfn cgf/sL
dfgjL/sL 5f]/L 5 Û
gfgL Û s:tL /fd|L k/L Û g]kfn
e/sL /f]hfj/L Û
u'/fF;ufn] lxpF–uf]/L, d;nfsL
af]6 Û
kfk nfU5 t eg\ P dnfO{ 5ftLdf
t]/f] xfg]F nft <
Ps nft vfO{ kl;|;\ bfgj Û dnsf]
sL/f] Hofg ef] dfkm .
dflysf
kª\lQmx¿df k|s6 ePsf …kx]FnL kftÚ, …zlg / /fx"Ú, …df]tLÚ / …nfn nfn cgf/ bfgfÚn]
qmdzM ToxLF lbOPsf d, ls/0f] ;fx", zLtbfgf / dfgjL/sL 5f]/Lsf] ljDa k|:t't
u/]sf 5g\ . o;/L g} gfgLsf ljDasf ¿kdf …/fd|L k/LÚ, …u'/fF;ufn] lxpF–uf]/LÚ,
…d;nfsL af]6Ú ToxfF k|o'Qm 5g\ eg] ;Daf]lwt tF kfqnfO{ …bfgjÚ / …dnsf] sL/f]Úsf
¿kdf lrqfª\lst ug]{ k|oTg clGtd Znf]sdf ul/Psf] 5 . o;k|sf/sf ljDax¿ oxfFsf
cg]s cfnª\sfl/s cleJolQmdf kfOG5g\ .
ljDasf
pbfx/0fx¿df g} dfly k|:t't s]xL cnª\sfx¿n] s[lifafnfsf] cfnª\sfl/s
k|of]usf] 5gs lbO;s]sf 5g\ eg] cGo zAbfnª\sf/ / cyf{nª\sf/sf gd'gfx¿ klg oxfF
e]l6G5g\ . cg'k|f;sf] k|of]udf oxfF b]jsf]6fn] ljljw k|of]u u/]sf] s'/f tnsf
s]xL pbfx/0fn] b]vfpF5g\—
sf6\5' Û sf6\5' Û df5'{, df5'{ Û
d x'F agsL sfnL
af]s] sfF 5 < d]/f] aln Û
l3RofO{ NofOb]pm hfnL
tf]/L t]n g cfFudf 3;gf Û c¿
nfpF5g\ /]zd dl;gf
dvdn l;dn 8;gf Û /;u'Nnf ;n;n
/;gf
dflysf
kª\lQmx¿df …s\Ú, …d\Ú, …a\Ú, …t\Ú, …5\Ú, …;\Ú, …/\Ú, …n\Ú, …g\Úh:tf Jo~hg j0f{
/ …cÚ, …cfÚ …OÚ, …PÚh:tf :j/j0f{x¿sf] cfj[lQ b]lvG5 . sxLF zAbsf] ;'?df, sxLF
aLrdf / sxLF cGTodf To:tf] l:ylt ePsfn] cfBfg'k|f;, dWofg'k|f; tyf cGTofg'k|f;
ToxfF b]lvG5 . …sf6\5'–sf6\5'–df5'{–df5'{Ú, …sfnL–hfnLÚ, …3;gf–dl;gf–8;gf–/;gfÚ,
…dvdn–l;dn–;n;nÚdf kfOg] h:tf] ;dWjGofTds jf ;dfgfGt/tfsf] dw'/tf s[ltsf cg]s
:yfgdf cg'e"t ug{ ;lsG5 .
pkdf,
¿ks, pTk|]Iff, :jefjf]lQm, ;df;f]lQm cflb cg]s cyf{nª\sf/sf] /;kfg klg
uLltgf6\sf/ b]jsf]6fn] o; s[ltdf u/fPsf 5g\—
pkdf— xfd|f]
klg km'N5 hLjg h:tf] k'mnL hfO{ xf]
b]Vb5' ;fgf k/fn] 5fgf dfp/Lsf u'F8;/L
ltgs} aLrdf 5, ldu{ cl3 af3 e}mF
rf/tn] afb{nLn] l;Fuf/]sf] 3/
¿ks— ;+uL
h"gsf] 8f]/f] n]pg dfs'/hfnLdfly emg]{
hfO{ af]6sf]
lemnldn
b'lgofFsf] ef]s xf] /fhf rfs/L
xf] To;sf] vfhf
leq cfpmg piff gfgL, ¿ksL 5f}
;'gsL vfgL
pTk|]Iff— afnsfnsf z'xfgL, xf} ls sf]dn
sxfgL <
:jkgf jf eg Û
sNn] Nofof] Û eg lbbL Û slt
/fd|f] xÚls <
dL7f] gfgf Û dL7f] afhf Û kfkf
o;df 5 ls <
:jefjf]lQm— wfgsf afnf e'mn] x} b]z}
/dfOnf]
l;KnLsfg / l;:gf] NofpF5', kL7f]
3§åf/f
cfdf < Ps d'7\7L Xo}F
5
;df;f]lQm— zfnL gbL ;'Gb/L, emnemnfpFbL
hnk/L
b'u'l5{g\ r~rn
leq k; cfh x'/L bfx|f ls6L cfof]
Ps h'usf] l/; h:tf] wfg cfwL
vfof]
cnª\sf/sf
ljleGg k|b]z rxfb}{ / cleJolQmnfO{ sflJos :kz{ lbFb} b]jsf]6fn] s[lifafnfsf]
l;h{gf u/]sf 5g\ . gf6\oh:tf] Jofks hg;d'bfodfem k'¥ofOg] / tTsfn ;Dk|]if0f
x'g'kg]{ sLlt{nfO{ pgsf] cnª\sf/–df]xn] bz{gLoeGbf k7gLo s[ltsf ¿kdf v'DRofpg
;Sg] ;Defjgf 5 . ;DejtM Jofks hgtfsf aLrdf eGbf klg ;flxTosf/x¿sf
rrf{–kl/rrf{df o;n] dxÎj kfpg'df o:t} sf/0f n's]sf] x'g ;St5 .
lgisif{
s[lifafnfsf
b]jsf]6faf/] g]kfnL ;flxTodf hlt rrf{ x'g'kYof]{ Tolt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . o;n]
g]kfnL ;dfhdf h]–h:tf] cfnf]s 5g{ ;SYof] To;tk{m /fi6«sf] Wofg gk'Ug' b'Mvsf]
s'/f xf] . o;n] cFufn]sf] lrGtg b]jsf]6fn] cGo s[ltx¿df cFufn]sf] lrGtgeGbf
pGgt :t/sf] 5 . ;fdGtjfbL ;dfhsf v/faLx¿af/] hgtfdf r]tgf 5b}{ ;dfhnfO{ gofF
;dfhdf ¿kfGt/0f ug]{ b[li6n] o;sf] ljz]if dxÎj /x]sf] 5 . o;sf cGtj{:t' / ¿k
b'j} Jofks >dhLjL hgtfnfO{ nlIft u/L tof/ ul/Psf 5g\ . o; uLltgf6\onfO{
ljB'tLo ;~rf/–dfWodx¿sf ;fy} ufpF–ufpFdf k|bz{g ug{ cfjZos 5 . o:tf s[ltnfO{
kf7\oqmddf ;dfj]z ul/gfn] ;dfhdf ljBdfg s'k|j[lQsf] cGTo ug{ ljz]if an k'Ug]
s'/f ;'lglZrt 5 .
k|ultjfbL
;flxTosf/x¿n] o; s[ltsf af/]df ce}m cWoog ulx¥ofpg'kg]{ vfFrf] 5 . cfwf
ztfAbLeGbf cl3 g]kfnL ;flxTosf Ps dxfg\ k|ltefåf/f l;lh{t o; s[ltsf] ljlzi6
P]ltxfl;s d"No /x]sf] 5 . o;af/] xfn;Dd h]–h:tf wf/0ff cfPsf 5g\ ltgnfO{
;+Zn]lift u/L plrt lgisif{ lgsfNg' / o;sf] ;xL d"Nofª\sgåf/f Oltxf;k|lt
Gofo Pjd\ jt{dfg / eljiok|lt pT;fx 5g'{ ;dosf] dfu xf] .
s[lifafnfsf
;Gbe{df e§ -e§ M !)!_ sf] s] egfO 5 eg] cfbz{jfbL nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fn] ju{;ª\3if{sf
oyfy{ ;fdflhs tYox¿nfo{ /fd|/L b]v]kl5 hgtfnfO{ cndNofpg] / hfnL–km6fxfx¿nfO{
hf]ufpg] k|]d, s?0ff, d}qL, ;xgzLntf, ;]jf / Tofusf lzIffsf 7fpFdf ;ª\3if{ /
;z:q ;ª\3if{;Ddsf] lzIff lbg yfn] / ;dk{0fsf 7fpFdf ;ª\3if{ / eLv dfUg]sf] ;§f vf]:g]
s'/fsf] ;dy{g u/] .
k|l>t
-k|l>t M &)_ klg e§sf] s'/fnfO{ g} ;dy{g ub}{ b]jsf]6f @)!) kl5sf] ;dfhjfbL d'n'sx¿sf] e|d0fkl5
cfbz{jfbaf6 k|ultjfbL oyfy{jfblt/ pGd'v ePsf] 7fGb5g\ . pgL b]jsf]6fn] s[lifafnfdf
>dhLjL ls;fgx¿sf tk{maf6 pgLx¿sf] b'Mv, zf]if0f / hldgsf] xsaf/] cfjfh
p7fPsf] ;Gbe{nfO{ sf]6\ofpFb} ;dfhjfbL qmflGtsf] k[i7e"ld tof/ ug]{ hgjfbL
qmflGtdf hldgbf/L k|yfsf] pGd"ng / hf]Tg] ls;fgnfO{ g} hldg afF8\g] ;jfn
k|d'v /xg] ljrf/ JoQm ub{5g\ .
clwsf/L
-clwsf/L M ()_ ;du| ¿kdf x]bf{ b]jsf]6f k|ultjfbL ;flxTosf/ geP klg s[lifafnf
k|ultjfbL cfGbf]ngsf z}nLdf n]lvPsf] gf6s xf] eGg] ljrf/ JoQm ub{5g\ .
pk|]tL
-pk|]tL M @%_ jf:tjdf s[lif–cy{tGqs} hudf cl8Psf] g]kfnL cy{tGqsf] k|d'v :j¿knO{
k]m/abn ug{ e":jfldTjdf kl/j{tg ul/g'kg]{ / To;sf nflu ;ª\ul7t anaf6
cfGbf]lnt eP/ p7\tf dfq kl/jt{gsf] ;Defjgf /xg] s'/f /fd|/L a'e]m/ g} ls;fgx¿nfO{
cfGbf]lnt kfb}{ g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cfwf/e"t ;+/rgfdf k]m/abn Nofpg ;lsg]
;Gb]z;lxt s[lifafnfsf] l;h{gf ePsf] tyf o;nfO{ o'u–;Gb]zsf] :j/nfO{ :ki6
kfg]{ s[ltsf ¿kdf cl3 ;fg{ ;lsg] wf/0ff /fVt5g\ .
rfkfufO{F
-rfkfufOF{ M #%_ n] b]jsf]6fsf] sljtf–ofqfsf] t];|f] r/0fnfO{ k|ultjfbLlt/sf]
pGd'vtfsf :kdf ;du|tfdf lng] qmddf s[lifafnfsf] dxÎjdf k|sfz k/]sf 5g\ .
pgn] To; s[ltdf piff–ls/0fsf aLrsf] cfk;L k|]d, ljjfx, ljof]u / k'gld{ngdf
cfwfl/t syfj:t'sf] dfWodaf6 ufpFsf] hldgbf/ >Lk|;fbsf lj?4 ls/0fsf] g]t[Tjdf
ePsf] ls;fg–;ª\3if{n] Toltv]/ g]kfndf rln/x]sf] ju{–;ª\3if{ / ls;fg–;ª\3if{nfO{
g} k|ltljlDat ug]{ s'/f JoQm u/]sf 5g\ .
kf}8]n
-kf}8]n M !!_ n] b]jsf]6fnfO{ b]zleq JofKt /fhgLlts lg/ª\s'ztf / cfly{s–;fdflhs
pTkL8gsf lj?4 kof{Kt ljb|f]xL tyf qmflGtsf/L r]tsf tfTko{df k|ultjfbsf] lgs6
k'u]sf 7fGg] tf/fsfGt kf08]osf] egfOk|lt ;xdlt hgfpFb} To;sf] pTsif{ cleJolQmsf
¿kdf s[lifafnfnfO{ klg lnPsf 5g\ .
b]jsf]6fsf]
s[lifafnfaf/] ul/Psf pko'{Qm l6Kk0fLx¿n] pgL To; s[ltdf k|ultjfbsf] glhs
/x]sf] lgisif{ lgsfn]sf 5g\ . :jod\ b]jsf]6fnfO{ pgsf lj/f]wLx¿n] sDo'lg:6sf ¿kdf
cf/f]lkt ugf{sf] Ps d'Vo sf/0f ;f] s[lt klg x'g ;St5 . b]jsf]6fn] cfgf]
hLjgsf] cGtlt/ JoQm u/]sf s'/fnfO{ aGw' -aGw' M $(^_ n] o;/L pb\w[t u/]sf 5g\—
ltgLx¿n] dnfO{ sDo'lg:6 eg], lsgeg] d ?; uPF . d Pp6f
slj dfq lyPF . ==== d]/f] lglDt k|fy{gf ug'{xf];\ . b]jsf]6fsf] lglDt k|fy{gf
ug'{xf];\ ls pm l56} d/f];\ . olb d cfuf]df k/]sf] eP Tof] of]eGbf w]/} /fd|f]
x'g] lyof] . ==== d g]kfnL n]vsx¿df ;aeGbf cefuL x'F .
pko'{Qm
ljleGg ljåfg\x¿ / b]jsf]6f :jo+sf cleJolQmn] pgL dfS;{jfbsf glhs k'u]sf] s'/f
5n{ª\u kf/]sf 5g\ . pgL ;ª\ul7t eO{ s'g} bndf sfd u/]sf] s'/f st} plNnlvt 5}g /
s[lifafnfdf agf/;af6 lzIff u|x0f u/L kmls{g] pgsf] b[li6laGb'–rl/q ls/0fsf
ultljlwdf klg Tof] emlNsFb}g t/ agf/;sf] /fhgLlts k|efj, d'n'sleqsf] ;ª\ul7t
ls;fg–cfGbf]ng, cfgf] 1fg / cg'ejdf cfwfl/t dfS;{jfb jf k|ultjfbnfO{ eg] pgn]
cfgf s[ltdf ptfg{ oy]i6 k|oTg u/]sf 5g\ . To;}n] k|ultjfbL d"No–dfGotfsf
s}og\ ljz]iftfnfO{ krfpFb} / b]jsf]6fdf ljBdfg s]xL cfbz{jfbL k|j[lQsf] /ª klg
r9fpFb} of] s[lt lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 . o;n] >dhLjL hgtfsf kIfdf, vf;u/L ls;fgsf]
kIfdf pleFb} ;fdfGtjfbdfly nf7L a;f{Psf] 5 / ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fsf] dfu{nfO{
km/flsnf] t'Nofpg ljzi6 of]ubfg u/]sf] 5 . To;}n] of] k|ultzLn g]kfnL ;flxTosf]
dxÎjk"0f{ k|flKt xf] hxfF ;fdfGtjfbsf] cFWof/f] x6fpg] ls/0fn] piffsf]
laxfgL nfnLnfO{ cfdGq0f ul//x]sf] 5 .
;Gbe{;fdu|L
clwsf/L,
/ljnfn . k|ultjfbL g]kfnL ;dfnf]rgf . kf]v/f M n]sfnL k|sfzg, @)%^ .
cj:yL,
dxfb]j . nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fsf hLjgL / s[ltTjsf] cGtM ;DaGwsf] ljj]rgf .
sf7df8f}F M Pstf k|sfzg, @)%& .
pk|]tL,
uª\ufk|;fb . JolQm, s[lt / k|j[lQ . sf7df8f}F M k|ltef k|sfzg, @)%* .
rfkfufO{F,
lgg' . pQ/cfw'lgstfjfb M e|d / jf:tljstf . sf7df8f}F M ;x;|fAbL k|sfzg,
@)^! .
ltdN;]gf,
kz'kltk|;fb . k|ultjfbL sljtf M dfGotf / k|j[lQ . kf]v/f M cf]hg a'S;
PG8 :6];g/L, @)^$ .
b]jsf]6f,
nIdLk|;fb . s[lifafnf -rf}yf] ;+=_ . lzjuf]kfn l/;fn -;Dkf=_ . nlntk'/ M
;femf k|sfzg, @)@! .
kf]v/]n,
ab|Lljzfn . k|ultjfbL sljtf M l;4fGt / k|j[lQ . ;'g;/L M ldlynf kf]v/]n,
@)^% .
kf}8]n,
x]dgfy . k|ultjfbL b[li6df slj / sljtf . sf7df8f}F M k}/jL k|sfzg, @)^%
.
k|l>t,
df]bgfy . j}rfl/s ljsf;sf] ;Gbe{df nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f -t];|f] ;+=_ .
sf7df8f}F M u'lgnf] k|sfzgsf nflu lg/~hg uf]ljGb j}B, @)$& .
e§,
uf]ljGb . uf]ljGb e§sf ;dfnf]rgf . sf7df8f}F M au/ kmfpG8];g, @)%% .
aGw',
r"8fdl0f . b]jsf]6f . nlntk'/ M ;femf k|sfzg,
@)#^ .
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