k|ultjfbL b[li6df efg'eSt cfrfo{
k|f=8f=hLj]Gb|
b]j lu/L
!=ljifof/De
efg'eSt cfrfo{ g]kfnL ;flxTosf k|frLg sfnsf Ps
ljlzi6 k|ltefsf ¿kdf rlr{t 5g\ . pgnfO{ k|ultjfbL b[li6n] s;/L x]g{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/f g} k|:t't n]vsf] ljifo xf] . efg'eSt
cfrfo{sf] hLjgL, pgsf] ;flxTo ofqf, pgL hGd]x's]{sf] / l;h{g/t /x]sf] ef}lts
kl/j]z cflbaf/] w]/} s'/fx? ;fj{hlgs eO ;s]sf 5g\ . pgL s] s:tf ;h{s x'g\ eGg]af/]
klg ljleGg ;dfnf]rsx?n] cfcfkm\gf dt cledt cflu ;f/]sf 5g\\,JofVof ljj]rgf
u/]sf 5g\ . tL ;dfnf]rsx?dWo] sltko k|ultjfbL If]qs} :yflkt ;dfnf]rsx? klg
/x]sf 5g\ . k|ultjfbL dfGotf cg';f/ ;dfhsf] ljsf; qmdnfO{ x]g]{ cfkm\gf]
j}1flgs b[li6sf]0f 5 eg] hLjg hut\ / To;sf] ultzLntfnfO{ klg ;f]xL b[li6sf]0f
cg'¿k ljZn]if0f ul/G5 . of] b[li6sf]0f dfS;{jfb / To;sf] cfnf]sdf ljsl;t snf
;flxTo ;DaGwL ;}4flGts cjwf/0ff;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . To;}n] oxfF efg'eSt / pgsf] hLjg
ofqf, ;flxTo ofqf, k|ultjfbL ;flxlTos dfGotf, efg'eSt / pgsf s[lt;Fu ;DalGwt dt
dtfGt/ cflblt/ b[li6 nufpFb} k|ultjfbLx¿n] efg'eStnfO{ s'g ¿kdf x]g]{ eGg]
ljifodf rrf{ rnfpg] k|oTg oxfF ul/Psf] 5 .
@=k|ultjfb
k|ultjfb dfS;{jfbdf cfwfl/t ;flxTo
;DaGwL b[li6sf]0f xf] . ;flxTosf If]qdf k|ultjfbn] ToxL cy{ /fVt5 h'g cy{
/fhgLlts If]qdf ;fDojfb, ;fdflhs cfly{s If]qdf ;dfhjfb / bz{gsf If]qdf åGåfTds
ef}ltsjfbn] /fVt5 . -g]=/f=k|=k|, @)%^M$(#_ …k|ultÚ zAb …jfbÚ ;Fu ufFl;Psf] x'Fbf
To;n] ;fdfGo ¿kdf pGglt, pTyfg, ljsf;, cu|ult h:tf cy{ dfq oxfF ga'emfO{
dfS;{jfb;Fu ;Da4 ;flxlTos dfGotfnfO{ a'emfPsf] kfOG5 . o;nfO{ ;dfhjfbL oyfy{jfb
klg elgG5 . To;}n] ;flxTosf If]qdf ;fdflhs oyfy{jfb / cfnf]rgfTds oyfy{jfbeGbf
pGgt lrGtgsf ¿kdf of] /x]sf] 5 . To;}n] g of] oyfy{sf] ;/n j0f{g jf kmf]6f]skL
xf] g t of] s]jn ljBdfg ;dfhsf s6' oyfy{ jf ;fdGtjfbL k'FhLjfbL pTkL8gsf lj?4
sf/0f / ;dfwfgsf] klxrfg gu/Lsg} ul/Psf] cfnf]rgfTds oyfy{jfbL b[li6 dfq xf] .
-ltdN;]gf, @)^$M%(_ …k|ultjfbÚ ;Fu ufF;]/ …k|ultzLntfÚ zAb klg rngrNtLdf
NofOPsf] kfOG5 . oL b'O{ zAbsf] cGt/af/] klg :ki6 x'g cfjZos 5 . k|ultzLntfdf
oyfl:yltsf lj?4sf] cfnf]rgf efj ;fdfGo ¿kdf /xG5 t/ Tof] dfS;{jfbdf cfwfl/t jf
To;;Fu k|ToIf ;DalGwt x'g} kg]{ ckl/xfo{tf /xFb}g eg] k|ultjfb rflxF dfS;{jfbs}
bfz{lgs dfGotfdf cfwfl/t x'g' ckl/xfo{ /xG5 . -kf08], @)%^M!_ k|ultzLntfn] hg
rfxgfnfO{ kqmg] / hgefiffnfO{ cFufNg], dfgjLo ;dtf efjnfO{ l:jsfg]{ Pjd\
zf]if0f / cGofosf lj?4df ljb|f]xL :j/ 3Gsfpg] sfd u/] klg b[li6sf]0fsf]
9'nd'nkgaf6 Tof] d'St ePsf] x'Fb}g . -k|eft, @)^#M!$_ k|ultjfb eg] ;f]rfOn]
bfz{lgs ;Ldf u|x0f u/]sf] cj:yf xf] / ;dfhnfO{ a'em\g] Pjd\ o;nfO{ Jojl:yt
lsl;dn] kl/jt{g ug]{ Ifdtf /fVg] dfS;{jfbL j}1flgs lrGtg k4lt cFufn]sf] /
To;}n] cg'zf;gdf cfj4 cj:yf xf] -pk|]tL, @)%*M!!$_
dfS;{jfb;Fu
cfa4 /x]sfn] k|ultjfbsf d"n bfz{lgs cfwf/sf ¿kdf P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfb /
åGåfTds ef}ltsjfb /xg' :jefljs 5 . P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbn] dfgj ;dfhsf] ljsf;
qmdsf] j}1flgs / oyfy{ JofVof u/]sf] 5 . o;n] pTkfbs zlSt / pTkfbg ;DaGwsf]
JofVof ub}{ dfgj ;dfh kl/jt{gzLn /x]sf] / To;n] cflbd ;fDojfbL o'u, bf;:jfdL
o'u, ;fdGtL o'u, k'FhLjfbL o'u x'Fb} ;dfhjfbL o'udf k|j]z ug]{ s'/f :ki6
kf/]sf] 5 . o;n] cGttM ;fDojfb ;d'Ggt ;dfhsf] pknlAw aGg] s'/f klg k|:6\ofPsf]
5 . o;/L ;dfh kl/jt{g x'g] qmddf pTkL8s / pTkLl8t ju{lar x'g] ;ª\3if{df k'/fgf
pTkfbg ;DaGw gi6 eO{ gofF ;dfh lgdf{0f x'g] s'/f klg o;n] lglb{i6 u/]sf] 5 .
o;/L g} åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbn] j:t' / k|s[ltnfO{ x]g]{ clwe"tjfbL bz{gsf lj/f]wdf
gofF b[li6sf]0f clu ;f/]sf] 5 . o;n]
j:t' jf kbfy{nfO{ To;leq x'g] ljk/Lt tTjsf] ;ª\3if{n] dfqfTds x'Fb} u'0ffTds
kl/jt{gdf k'¥ofpg] JofVof u/]sf] 5 . of] lgod ;dfh ¿kfGt/0fsf ;Gbe{df klg nfu'
x'g] s'/f klg o;n] k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . cem hLjg hutnfO{ O{Zj/Lo ;[li6 / /x:odo
7fGg] cfbz{jfbL lrGtgnfO{ klg k|xf/ ub}{ ;+;f/sf] x/]s s'/fsf] JofVof ug{ ;lsg]
/ To;nfO{ a'em\g / ku]{Ng ;lsg] b[li6sf]0f klg o;n] lbof] . r]tgfnfO{ j:t'af6
cnUofP/ ljlzi6 dxTTjsf] O{Zj/Lo j/bfg 7fGg] lrGtgdfly klg o;n] k|xf/ u¥of] /
j:t'nfO{ k|fylds s'/f 7fg]/ To;af6} r]tgfsf] lgdf{0f x'g] lj1fg ;Ddt ts{ klg
clu ;f¥of] . ljk/Lt tTTjx?sf] Pstf, ;ª\3if{ / ¿kfGt/0f, dfqfTdsaf6 u'0ffTds
kl/jt{g tyf lgif]wsf] lgif]w h:tf lgodx?sf cfwf/df x'g] j:t' hut\sf]
kl/jt{gaf/] åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbn] 5n{Ë kfg]{ sfd u¥of] . cfkm\gf k"j{jtL{
bfz{lgsx? x]u]n / kmfo/afvsf bfz{lgs dfGotfx?nfO{ kl/is[t t'NofpFb} / ltgsf
oflGqs / cfbz{ JofVofaf6 d'St kfb}{ dfS;{ / Pª\u]N;n] åGåfTds ef}ltsjfbsf]
;"qkft u/]sf lyP . of] hLjg hut\sf] cl:tTj / To;sf] ultzLntf Pjd\
kl/jt{gnfO{ x]g]{ csf]{ dxTTjk"0f{ Pjd\ oyfy{df cfwfl/t j}1flgs dfGotfsf ¿kdf
:yflkt eof] . ;flxTodf k|ultjfbn] oxL j}rfl/s dfGotfsf e6\6fdf ufn]/ snfTds ¿kdf
hLjg hut\sf oyfy{nfO{ k|s6 ug]{ sfd ub{5 .
o;/L
k|ultjfbL ;flxlTos dfGotfn] ;dfh ljsf;sf] ultzLn oyfy{nfO{ k|:t't ug]{ ju{ ;ª\3if{sf]
dfGotfnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug]{, ju{ ;ª\3if{df pRr ju{sf] ktg / lgDg ju{sf] ljhodf
ljZjf; /fVg], hLjg hut\sf] ;[li6stf{ O{Zj/ xf] / dfG5]leq ljrf/ jf r]tgfsf]
lgdf{0f To;}n] u5{ eGg] s'/fnfO{ c:jLsf/ ug]{, ;+;f/sf ;a} s'/f JofVo]o /
af]wuDo 5g\ egL 7fGg], r]tgfsf] lgdf{0fdf kbfy{sf] e"ldsfnfO{ cFufNg] h:tf
sltko s'/fx?nfO{ j:t'tTTjsf ¿kdf lnFb} To;sf] ;flxTodf k|:t'ltsf lglDt ;/n,
pko'St / cfsif{s efiffz}nL, k|tLs laDa cflbsf] ;xf/f lng] u/]sf] 5 . To;}n]
k|ultjfbL ;flxTon] j:t'tTTj / ¿ktTTjsf] ;d'lrt ;+of]hgdf zlSt k|fKt ub{5 / c;ª\Vo dfG5]x?sf] dg lhTg]
;fdYo{ k|bz{g ub{5 .
#=efg'eStsf] hLjgL
efg'eSt
cfrfo{ dftf wdf{jtL b]jL / lktf wg~hosf Ps dfq 5f]/f lyP . pgsf] hGd lj=;+= !*&! cfiff9 @( ut] cfOtjf/sf]
lbg tgx'Fsf] r'FbL /D3fdf ePsf] lyof] . pgsf lktf kfNkf uf}F8fdf vl/bf/ kbdf
hflu/] ePsfn] pgsf afh] >Ls[i0f cfrfo{sf] ;+/If0f / lzIffbLIffdf pgsf]
afNosfn lat]sf] lyof] . pgsf] kl/ro pgsf zAbx?n] o;/L lbPsf 5g\ M–
efg"eSt egL k|l;4 g/df h;sf] 5 gfpmF klg .
ltg\sf] 3/ tgx'F 5
a]l;r'Flb xf] ufpmF t /D3f elg .
·
kfxf8\sf] cltj]z
b]z\ tgx'Fdf >Ls[i0f a|fXd0f\ lyof .
v'a\ pRrf s'n
cfo{j+lz x'g u} ;Tsd{df dg\ lbof ..
ljBfdf klg hf]
w'/Gw/ eO{ lzIff dnfO{ lbof .
pg\sf] gflt d efg'eSt
egL x'F of] hflg lrx\gL lnof ..
pgn]
cfkm\gf afh] >Ls[i0f cfrfo{;Fu 3/d} b'uf{sjr, r08L, cd/sf]z, n3' sf}d'bL,
j]b, ?b|L cflb zf:qx?sf] cWoog u/]sf lyP . cWoogsf qmddf pgL s]xL ;do kf]v/fdf
a;]sf lyP eg] afh];Fu} sfzLdf uO{ ;fFem laxfg cWoog ug]{ / lbpF;f] a[xt\ ;efdf
efu lng] klg u/]sf lyP . afh] >Ls[i0fsf] lj=;+= !**( df sfzLdf d[To' ePkl5
klg pgL Ps jif{;Dd ToxfF g} /x]sf lyP . -cfrfo{, @)^#M*^_ To;kl5 pgL tgx'Fsf]
cfkm\gf] 3/df kms]{/ u[x:yL ;DxfNg yfn]sf lyP . pgL !) jif{sf] x'Fbf pgsf]
klxnf] ljjfx rGb|fsfGtf b]jL vgfn;Fu ePsf] lyof] / ljjfx ePsf] !* dlxgfd} pgsf]
d[To' ePkl5 !! jif{sf] pd]/df pgn] rGb|snf b]jL vgfn;Fu bf];|f] ljjfx u/]sf lyP
h;af6 /dfgfy / lzj zª\s/ gfds b'O{ k'q hGd]sf lyP . oL lzj zª\s/sf] !$ jif{sf]
pd]/df g} b]xfGt ePsf] lyof] . To;}n] efg'eStsf] b]xfGt x'Fbf pgL;Fu h]7f 5f]/f
/dfgfy dfq lyP .
efg'eStn]
Ps u[x:ysf ¿kdf 3/sf ljleGg lhDd]jf/Lx? ;DxfNg' k/]sf] lyof] . 3/ Jojxf/sf
qmddf hUufsf ;fFw;Ldf, s'nf]kfgL cflb;Fu ;DalGwt sfdsf lglDt pgn] c8\8f cbfnt
wfpg' k/]sf] lyof] / d'2f ;d]t a]xf]g'{ k/]sf] lyof] . o; qmddf pgL lj=;+= !()^
df klxnf] k6s sf7df8f}+ cfPsf lyP . lj=;+= !()( df pgL kbdf axfn 5Fbf5Fb}
sfzLdf lbj+ut ePsf pgsf lktfsf] x/lx;fa r'Stf ug{ sf7df8f}+ cfpFbf ;f] x/lx;fa
;lhnf]l;t km/kmf/s ug{ g;sL s'df/L rf]ssf] lgu/fgLdf kfFr dlxgf hlt sf7df8f}+df
y'gfdf /x]sf lyP . y'gfaf6 d'St ePkl5 klg pgL sf7df8f}F cfphfp ul//xGy] .
sf7df8f}+sf] dxfaf}4df afa'sf kfnfb]lvsf] pgsf] 3/ lyof] / sf7df8f}Fdf pgnfO{
a;f]af;sf] ;d:of lyPg .
lj=;+=
!(@$ sf] lxpFbdf pgL clGtd k6s sf7df8f}+ cfPsf lyP / lj=;+= !(@% df oxfFaf6
3/lt/ kmls{+bf la/fdL eO{ To;} jif{sf] cflZjg z'Sn k~rdLsf lbg tgx'F / uf]/vf lhNnfsf] ;fFwdf aUg] sd{gzf gbLsf
lt/df /x]sf] ufO{y'g] 3f6df %$ jif{sf] pd]/df pgsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] .
$= ;flxTo ofqfdf efg'eSt
efg'eSt
afNosfnb]lv g} ;flxTo l;h{gftkm{ cfslif{t b]lvG5g\ . !)÷!@ jif{sf] pd]/b]lv
hLjgsf] clGtd cj:yf;Dd pgn] ;flxTo l;h{gf u/]sf lyP . -Gof}kfg], @)^#M(#_ pgn]
sljtf l;h{gfd} cfkm\gf] l;h{gzlStsf] pkof]u u/] / ltg bh{geGbf a9L km'6s/
sljtf, cfwf bh{g hlt n3' sfJo / Pp6f dxfsfJo g]kfnL ;flxTonfO{ ;'Dk] . logsf
cltl/St pgsf s]xL ;flxlTos kf08'lnlk klg pknAw /x]sf] s'/f cfrfo{ -@)^#M
!)@–!!%_ n] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ .
efg'eSt
cfz'slj lyP / tTsfnsf k|;ª\u / 36gfnfO{ l6k]/ noa4 ¿kdf k|:t't ug{ ;Sty] . pgn]
ufpF3/sf ;fyLefO / sfdbf/x?l;t xfF;f]76\6f u/L a:tf ;'? ;'?df s]xL sljtf n]v]sf
5g\, b]z k/b]zsf] ofqf ubf{ cfkm"n] b]v]ef]u]sf 36gf Pjd\ ;Gbe{nfO{ ljifo
j:t' agfO{ sljtf l;h{gf u/]sf 5g\ / /fd syf Pjd\ j]bfGt bz{g tyf ;fdGtL
kfl/jfl/s 9fFrfsf] j0f{gnfO{ klg cfkm\gf sljtfsf] ljifo agfPsf 5g\ .
Gof}kfg]
-@)^#M(#–(*_ n] pgsf sljtfx?nfO{ ltg r/0fdf afF8]/ ;"rLa4 u/]sf 5g\ . o;
cg';f/ -!_ s]z sGr]6, sxg"====, -@_ df;\e[ª\uL a]n b"af]=== -#_
>LzfnLjfxg\sf===, -$_ dfg'ª\sf] ;l/ufpF=== / -%_ kfxf8sf] cltj]z b]z\ pgsf
k|yd r/0fsf sljtf x'g\ eg] -!_ e/hGd 3fF;lt/===-@_ c;n\ d'u|] s]/f==== -#_ ckf/
;+;f/ ;d'b| -k|Zgf]Q/ dfnf_, -$_ efg'eSt egL k|l;4===-%_ uhfw/ ;f]tLsf===-^_
Ps\ lbg\ gf/b ;Tonf]s\ ===-/fdfo0f afnsf08_, -&_ olt lbgkl5 d}n]==== -*_
rknf canfx?=== / -(_ laGtL Ps d ub{5'=== låtLo r/0fsf sljtf sljtf x'g\ . o;d}
t[tLo r/0fsf sljtfsf ¿kdf -!_ /f]h\ /f]h\ bz{g kfpF5'=== -@_ hflu/\ 5}g wgL d
5}g=== -#_ PsfGt :yndf -/fdfo0f cof]Wof sf08_, -$_ cqLsf cf>d}df -/fdfo0f
c/0o sf08 -%_ h:;} d'St eO{ -/fdfo0f lslisGwf sf08_ -^_ t5'{ Iff/ ;d'b|
-/fdfo0f ;'Gb/ sf08_, -&_ rfnL; jif{ eofF=== -*_ zl// 5 clt sRrf=== -(_
nª\sfk'/L ;sn -/fdfo0f o'4sf08_, -!)_ /fdfo0f 5 cud\=== -!!_ Vjfldt\ o;
lul/wfl/n] ==== -!@_ ;fFrf x'g\ hlt n]lvof===-!#_ gd[To' 6Gof{ xf]====-!$_
laGtL l86\7f ljrf/Ll;t===-!%_ k|lt1f d}n] of] -eStdfnf_, -!^_ las]{ 6f]kL k7fpm
-!&_ P]n] bfª\ uO{=== -!*_ efiff Znf]s\ eg'F tf===-!(_ ljåfg hgn]
nf]xnfO{===-@)_ kf]yL kfqf 5g\====-@!_ k|ftM sfndxfF -jw"lzIff_, -@@_ Ps
yf]s\ eG5'==== -@#_ st} v/fgL 5l/=== -@$_ Sof n8\5g\ a6oL -@%_ tLg\ ;ft\
PU3f/=== -@^_ tfGof] PU3f/af6} -@&_ aL; ;fn;Dd t -@*_ n'Rrf x'g\ o;
ef6sf===-@(_ Sj} p7\5g\ t ;a]/df=== -#)_ Sofn] e'N5f} hutdf===-#!_ d]/f] sLlt{
egL ;'gLsg -/fduLtf_ / -#@_ cgfy\sf gfy\ -eStdfnfsf yk kB_ nfO{ lnOPsf] 5 . oLdWo]
km'6s/ sljtfx? ljleGg ;dodf n]lvPsf x'g\ eg] -!_ cWofTds /fdfo0fdf cfwfl/t
…afnsf08Úsf] kBfg'jfb lj=;+= !((* df, …/fdfo0fsf c¿ sf08x? lj=;+= !(!) df,
…aw"lzIff lj=;+= !(!( df / …/fduLtfÚ lj=;+= !(@% df /rgf ul/Psf x'g\ . -e§/fO{,
@)$)M!#_ …/fdfo0fÚ sf ljleGg sf08x?n] Pslqt ¿kdf dxfsfJosf] :j¿k k|fKt u/]sf]
kfOG5 eg] …k|Zgf]Q/ dfnfÚ, …eStdfnfÚ …aw"lzIffÚ / …/fduLtfÚ n3' sfJosf ¿kdf
/x]sf 5g\ .
efg'eStsf
pko'{St /rgfx?sf] k|sfzgdf e6\6sf] ljlzi6 of]ubfg 5 eg] g/gfy cfrfo{, efg'eStsL
gfltgL lji0f'dfof, a|x\d zdz]/, tf/fgfy pkfWofo, afa'/fd cfrfo{ / xl/x/
e§/fO{n] klg s]xL /rgf k|sfzg u/]sf 5g\
. efg'eStk|ltsf] ;b\efj / zf]wvf]hsf] kmn:j¿k oL ;fdu|Lx? pknAw eO{ k|sflzt x'g
;s] . clxn] klg efg'eSt / pgsf s[lt ;DaGwL cWoog hf/L 5 / pgsf s]xL kf08'lnlkx?
k|fKt eO{ ltgsf] rrf{ kl/rrf{ ePsf] kfOG5 . hLjgsf] clGtd 38Lsf] la/fdL ca:yfdf
klg 5f]/f /dfgfynfO{ …/fduLtfÚsf Znf]sx? n]Vg nufO{ ;flxTok|ltsf] cg'/fu
b]vfpg] efg'eStsf yk kf08'lnlk km]nf kg'{ s'g} cgf}7f] s'/f xf]Og . ;du|df pgL
sl/a rf/ bzs g]kfnL ;flxTodf ;lqmo /x] / g]kfnL efiff ;flxTosf If]qdf cd/ ag] .
%=efg'eSt / pgsf] l;h{gfdf 5nkmn
efg'eSt
/ pgsf] l;h{gfdf ePsf] 5nkmnnfO{ d"ntM pgsf] cflbsljsf] pkflw, efiff k|of]u / ljrf/ kIfdf ljefhg u/]/ lgDg
cg';f/ x]g{ ;lsG5 M
-s_cflb sljsf] pkflw
;j{k|yd df]tL/fd e§ zDdf{n] efg'eSt / pgsf
l;h{gfaf/] ;dLIffTds b[li6 k|:t't u/]sf lyP / efg'eStsf sfd / /rgfsf] u'0fufg
ub}{ pgnfO{ …cflbsljÚ sf] pkflw k|bfg
u/]sf lyP . pgsf] egfO lyof], æuf]vf{ efiffdf x'g t w]/} gfdsf] slj efg'eSt
eGbf k}Nx] eo] t/ sljtfsf] dd{ hfgL efiff kB n]Vg] sljx?df cflb slj efg'eSt g}
x'g\ .Æ -zDdf{, !($*M*_ o;sf] v08g ug]{x? klg b]vf k/] . o; qmddf klxnf] v08g
bLgfgfy ;fksf]6fn] u/]sf lyP . pgsf] egfO o; k|sf/ /x]sf] lyof], æeGgtf sljj/
efg'eStfrfo{nfO{ cflbsljsf] kb lbg' of]Uo xf]nf s] < efg'eSt klg k'/fgf of]Uo
slj x'g\ t/ d]/f dtdf cflbslj xf]Ogg\ .Æ -;fksf]6f, !(*(M&_
zdf{ -@)#^M@$%–@%$_ n]
efg'eStnfO{ cflbslj elgFbf p7]sf ljjfb tyf pgL cflbslj g} x'g\ eGg] cfwf/af/]
lj:t[t ljj]rgf u/]sf 5g\ . k|wfg-@)^)M#$–#%_ n] o;af/] cfkm\gf] ljrf/ k|:t't
ug]{ qmddf efg'eSt cflbslj xf]Og, cflb k|ltlglw slj x'g\ eGg] wf/0ff k|:t't
u/]sf 5g\ . pgL OlGb/;, ljBf/0o s]z/L / j;Gt zdf{sf kBx?df sljtfsf] ;aeGbf
7'nf] u'0f df}lnstf / efiffsf] lghTj b]Vt}gg\ tfklg efg'eStnfO{ g]kfnL efiffsf
k|yd dxfsfJosf cflbslj dfq l:jsf5{g\ . rfkfufO{+ -@)^*M!&_ n] efg'eStsf
sltko k|z+;sx?n] pgnfO{ klxnf] k6s /fdfo0f cg'jfb u/]sf] / klxnf] k6s ;+:s[t
efiffdf n]Vg] kl/kf6LnfO{ 5f8]/ g]kfnL efiffdf /rgf ug{ yfn]sf x'g\ eGg] cfzosf
egfOk|lt ljdlt hgfPsf 5g\ / efg'eSteGbf clu zlSt jNne cHof{n, pbofgGb cHof{n,
/fdrGb| kfWof, j;Gt zdf{, /3'gfy kf]v|]nsf s[ltx? b]vf k/]sf] s'/f cf}+NofPsf
5g\ . e§ -@)%%M &)_ n] eg] cflbsljsf] pkflwaf/] rn]sf] ax;nfO{ Joy{ 7fg]sf 5g\
/ cflbslj geg]/ klg efg'eStsf] h'g dxTj 5 Tof] sd x'g] 5}g / cflbslj eGgf;fy
pgsf b'a{ntf / bf]ifx? klg To;} d]l6P/ hfg] x}gg\ egL cfkm\gf] cledt k|:t't
u/]sf 5g\ .
-v_ efiff k|of]u
cfrfo{-@)$&M!)_n] efg'eStsf
…/fdfo0fÚ / c¿ sljtfx?df cGo efiffx?sf] k|efj gk/L pgsf k'vf{sf kfnfb]lv rln
cfPsf] efiff / 5Gb k|of]u ePsf]df b]zk|]dsf] Ps ljz]if u'0f kfOg] ljrf/
JoSt u/]sf 5g\ . k|wfg -@)^)M $–!)_ n] efg'eStsf] …/fdfo0fÚn] ubf{ k[YjL gf/fo0f
zfxåf/f PsLs/0f ul/Psf] g]kfnsf kj{t], g]jf/, u'?ª, du/ / tfdfª cflbn] klg
af]Ng] efiffsf ¿kdf g]kfnL efiffsf] ljsf; ePsf] / af]nLaf6 efiffsf :t/df k'u]sf]
clg t/fO{sf kmfF6x?;Dd lj:tfl/t eO{ /fli6«o Pstf bl/nf] kfg]{ sfddf klg ;xof]u
k'u]sf] s'/f p7fPsf 5g\ . k|wfgn] lzIfftkm{ ;fdfGo hgtfsf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] cle?lr
a9fpg …/fdfo0fÚ n] k'/f u/]sf] e"ldsfsf] klg rrf{ u/]sf 5g\ . oxL s'/fdf
hf]8 lbFb} g]kfnL sDo'lgi6 cfGbf]ngsf cu|h k'iknfnn] JoSt u/]sf] ljrf/ tn
pb\w[t 5 M–
efg'eSt
;+:s[tsf kl08t eP klg To; j]nfsf] kl08t ;dfhn] x]nf ul/Psf] g]kfnL efiffdf
…/fdfo0fÚ n]vL u'? k'/f]lxt ju{sf] wfld{s Psflwsf/k|lt k|xf/ u/] . wd{df
PsflwkTo sfod ug{ o; ju{n] wfld{s k':ts k9\g] clwsf/af6 hgtfnfO{ al~rt u/]sf]
lyof] . of] xs s]jn u'? k'/f]lxt ju{nfO{ dfq lyof] . efg'eStsf] /fdfo0fn] O{Zj/
/ ;j{ ;fwf/0f hgtfsf] lardf dfWodsf ?kdf v8f ePsf] u'? k'/f]lxt ju{sf] :jfy{df
s'7f/f3ft u¥of] . o; dfg]df g]kfnL hg cfGbf]ngdf o;nfO{ …/fdfo0fÚ sf] b]g dfGg'
kb{5 . -k'iknfn, @)%#M!&$_
e§ -@)%%M^(_ n] g]kfnL
;flxTosf] Oltxf;df vf; u/L efiffsf b[li6af6 efg'eStsf] pbon] ubf{ Ps
ce"tk"j{ gf}nf] l:yltsf] l;h{gf ePsf] s'/f pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ /
s[i0felSt / z[ª\uf/ /;d} a9L cndlnPsf] clg ef/tLo efiffx?sf] gSsn u/]/ kmf6\6km'6\6
sljtfx? /lrg] o'udf k"0f{tM 7]6 efiff / pvfg 6'Ssfx?sf cfwf/df g} dxfsfJo
/ sfJox? /rgf u/]/ b]jjf0fLsf 7fpFdf hgjf0fLnfO{ dfGotf k|bfg ug]{ pgsf]
cfFl6nf] sfdn] g]kfnL af}l4s hut\leq ;j{yf gofF lIflth p3fl/ lbPsf] l6Kk0fL
u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] wfld{s / pRr juL{o af}l4s ;d'bfosf] ;+:s[t efiffnfO{ c:jLsf/
u/]/ hg ;fwf/0fsf] efiff g]kfnLnfO{ l6Kg], rnfpg] / cFufNg] clg PSnf] kg]{
vt/gfs, cem} gfl:tstfs} ;dfgfy{s sfd u/]sf] / pRr s'nLg ju{eGbf ;j{ ;fwf/0ftkm{
9Nsg] sfd u/]sf] klg l6Kk0fL u/]sf 5g\ .
k|l>t -@)^@M*(_ efiff /
;+:s[lt b'a} g} ;+:s[ltsf cª\u x'g\ eGb} cfd hgtfdf leHg ;Sg] ;/n / ;/;
;flxTon] hgtfsf] r]tgf / ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; ug{df Hofb} 7'nf] e"ldsf lgjf{x
u/]sf] 7fg]sf 5g\ / ljleGg hfltx?sf] Pstf / /fi6«sf] lgdf{0fdf efg'eStn] efiff
/ ;+:s[ltsf b'a} cª\uaf6 7'nf] of]ubfg u/]sf] lgisif{ lgsfn]sf 5g\ .
rfkfufO{+ -@)^*M !*_ n] Psflt/
efg'eStn] g]kfnL efiffdf …/fdfo0fÚsf] cg'jfb u/]/ g]kfnL efiffnfO{ ;d[4 agfpg /
g]kfnL efiffsf] ljsf; ug{df lgs} 7'nf] of]ubfg lbPsf] 7fg]sf 5g\ eg] csf{ly/ s]
k|Zg klg p7fPsf 5g\ eg] h'g ;flxTosf] cGtj{:t'n] ;dfhdf 7'nf] ;fdflhs ljefhgsf]
vf8n vGg] ljrf/ k|jflxt u/]sf] 5, To;sf] efiffn] rflxF s;/L /fli6«o Pstfsf]
nflu hu xfNg] sfd ub{5 < pgn] efg'eStn] g]kfnL efiffsf dfWodaf6 /fi6«nfO{ Pstfa4
agfpg of]ubfg u/]sf] l:jsf/]sf 5}gg\ / To:tf] dtnfO{ Ps s'ts{sf ¿kdf lnPsf 5g\
. cem pgn] ;dfhnfO{ ljefhg ug]{ zf;s ju{sf] clek|fonfO{ efg'eStn] ;flxToaf6
lj:tfl/t u/]sf] lgisif{ lgsfn]sf 5g\ . lje]bsf/L cGtj{:t' ;lxt g]kfnL efiffsf]
ljsf; ug'{ jf g]kfnL efifLx?nfO{ eflifs Pstfdf cfa4 ug'{ /fi6«jfbL sfo{ xf]Og
eGg] wf/0ff klg pgn] clu ;f/]sf 5g\ .
rfkfufO{+sf] pSt ljrf/eGbf s]xL
leGg 9ª\un] e08f/L-@)%%M#(–$)_n] efg'eStsf] efiff k|of]usf ;DaGwdf cfkm\gf]
ljrf/ k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] s] eg]sf 5g\ eg] g]kfnL efiffsf] ljsf; qmddf
efg'eStsf] 7'nf] of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 / afx'gjfbL ;dfhdf ;+:s[t efiffdf dfq /fdsyf
cfpg ;S5 eGg] ljZjf;n] 3/ hdfPsf j]nf g]kfnL efiffdf /fdsyfnfO{ cGte"{t
ug'{ rflxF efg'eSt cfrfo{sf] efiffk|]d xf] .
dxfslj b]jsf]6fsf] lgDg lnlvt
egfOn] klg efg'eStsf] efiff k|of]usf] ;sf/fTds kIfdf k|sfz kf/]sf] 5 M–
efg'eStn] To; j]nf
…/fdfo0fÚ n]Vg] k|oTg u/], h'g a]nf g]kfnL efiff g]kfnLsf] cf]7}df dfq /xGYof],
ha To;df lglZrt cfsf/ / p2]Zo lyPg, ha Jofs/0f ug{df lyof], ha k9]sf cx+dfgL
kl08tx? Effiffsf] gfdnfO{ gfs r]K6\ofP/ gkm/t ub{y], ha pgLx?sf] dgdf …g]kfnL
;flxToÚ gfds zAb of]hgf g} pkxf; nfUYof] . To; j]nf hgtfsf] x[bonfO{ k'/f0f
eGg] rngdf l;jfo c¿ efj's kf]if0f lng] cf>o lyPg . xfdL n]vssf sl7gfOx?
Hofb} sd cg'ej ug{ ;S5f}+ . b]jsf]6f -@)!#M #@_
efg'eStsf] eflifs k|of]usf af/]df
cleJoSt ;Dk"0f{ ljrf/nfO{ oxfF ;dfj]z ug{ g;lsP klg df]6fdf]6L ¿kdf ljljw
b[li6sf]0fsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g uPsf] 5 . oL ;a}df
b[li6 nufpFbf ;sf/fTds kIf g} ux|'Fuf]
/x]sf] b]lvG5 .
-u_ljrf/ kIf
efg'eStsf
/rgfsf] cGtj{:t' / To;n] cª\uLsf/ u/]sf] ljrf/af/] ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds b'a}
k|sf/sf ljrf/x? k|jflxt 5g\ . cfhsf] o'udf cWofTdjfbL, j]bfGt bz{gdf cfwfl/t,
gf/Llxt lj/f]wL lrGtgx?sf] pkfb]otf 5}g eGg] sf]0faf6 dfq xf]Og, efg'eStn]
cfkm\gf] ;dosf] pko'Qm ljrf/nfO{ klg cfkm\gf l;h{gfsf] cGtj{:t' agfpg ;s]gg\ eGg]
sf]0faf6 Ps y/Ln] pgsf] cfnf]rgf u/]sf] kfOG5 eg] csf{ y/Ln] efg'eStsf] ;do
bf;k|yfaf6 labf lnO{ ;fdGtjfbL pTsif{tflt/ pGd'v ePsf], b]zdf k[YjL gf/fo0f
zfxsf] g]kfn PsLs/0fsf] cleofgkl5 ;'b[9 /fli6«o Pstfsf] vfFrf] /x]sf],
hgaf]nLsf ¿kdf g]kfnL efiffsf] ljsf; ckl/xfo{ /x]sf], ;flxlTos s[ltx?sf] cefjdf
k'/f0fsf e/df hgtfn] af}l4s t'li6 lnO /xg' k/]sf] cj:yfdf efg'eStsf] sfd ;dosf]
dfu lyof] eGg] lsl;dn] pgLk|lt ;sf/fTds wf/0ff /fv]sf] kfOG5 .
zdf{
-@)%*M!)#_ n] efg'eStsf] sfdnfO{ r;/sf] sfdl;t t'ngf ub}{ k|mfG;l;t ;o jif{
n8]/ yfs]sf] Oª\NofG8 r;/sf] …SofG6a/L 6]nÚ df ;aeGbf klxn] d':s'/fP em}F eofgs
df/sf6kl5 cfkm\g} cfFugdf la;fP/ g]kfnLsf cf]7df efg'eSt k'uL ;aeGbf klxnf l:dt
/]vf b]vf k/]sf] rrf{ u/]sf 5g\ . efg'n] ;'uf}nL ;lGwkl5 lgGofp/f] ePsf] g]kfnL
cg'xf/df g]kfnL efiffdf elStefj lkmFhfP/ pHofnf] 5/]sf] s'/flt/ klg pgn] ;ª\s]t
u/]sf 5g\ .
k|wfg
-@)^)M*_ n] efg'eSt cfkm" o'u k|jt{s slj geP tfklg o'u k|jt{s slj agfpg]
pgL Ps dfq k[i7e"ld x'g\ / cfhsf] ;flxlTos k|ultsf] pgL g} ult x'g\ eGb}
g]kfnL ;flxTodf efg'eStn] cfafh lbP, ult lbP, o;}n] pgLk|lt xfd|f] dlt ;bf /t
x'g k5{ eGg] ljrf/ JoSt u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] k[YjL gf/fo0f zfx a[xt\ g]kfnsf
lgdf{tf eP efg'eSt To; Pstfsf ;+:yfks x'g\ eGg] wf/0ff klg JoSt u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] k|fylds sfnsf
sljx? k|foM o'u k|jt{s sljx? x'g g;Sg] ljrf/ ;lxt efg'eStdf klg o'ufGt/sfl/tfsf]
cefj /x]sf] / …jw"lzIffÚ df gf/L hfltsf] cfXjfg gePsf] s'/f cg'e"t
u/]sf] kfOG5 . efg'eSteGbf h]7f eLd;]g yfkfn] cª\u|]hL ;fd|fHojfbsf lj/f]wdf
Pl;ofnL Pstfsf lglDt cfXjfg u/]sf] tyf bf;k|yf vtd ug]{ qmflGt u/]sf] / % jif{
sfG5f hª\u axfb'/n] ;tLk|yfnfO{ /f]Sg vf]h]sf] :d/0f ub}{ efg'eStsf sdhf]/Llt/
klg pgn] cf}Fnf 78\ofPsf 5g\ . dfS;{ Pª\u]N; klg efg'eSts} ;dosf x'g\ eGg] ;ª\s]t
klg pgn] u/]sf 5g\ . o;}df pgn] efg'eSt
clxn] h:tf] ljb|f]xL, qmflGtsf/L tyf pynk'ynsf/L geO{ gx'g] xtf/f]sf j]nfsf slj
gePsf]df pgnfO{ bf]if lbg g;lsP klg casf] ;dodf To;nfO{ u'0f eGg klg ;lsFb}g
eGg] ljrf/ klg JoSt u/]sf 5g\ .
e§
-@)%%M&)–&!_ klg efg' ;flxTosf] lrGtg kIfk|lt cfqmfds ¿kdf k|:t't ePsf
5g\ . pgn] cfkm\g} Pstfa4 zlStsf] e/ k/]/ ;fdGtjfb / ;fd|fHojfbaf6 b]znfO{ d'St
ug{ vf]lh /x]sf g]kfnLx?nfO{ s'g} cb[Zo / sfNklgs /fdsf] e/ kg'{ kg]{ lzIff
lbg] …/fdfo0fÚ, cfhsf dxTTjk"0f{ cfjZos /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o k|Zgx?af6
Wofg x6fP/ cgfjZos j]bfGtL k|Zgx?df cndNofO lbg] …k|Zgf]Q/LÚ, cfkm\g} zlSteGbf
c¿sf] elStdf cfTd;dk{0f ug{ l;sfpg]
…eStdfnfÚ / lsNnf sfFu8f / gfnfkfnLsf la|l6; ;fd|fHojfb lj?4 ;z:q ;ª\3if{
ug]{ dxfg\ k/dk/f ePsf g]kfnL gf/L hfltnfO{ afFr'Gh]n efG;f3/ / kl5 kltl;t} ;tL
hfg] ctL{ lbg] …jw"lzIffÚ cfhsf] g]kfnsf lglDt s] slt pkof]uL / xflgsf/s
5g\, To;sf] pQ/df g} jt{dfg ;dodf efg'eStsf] pkof]lutf / cg'kof]lutfsf] lg0f{o
x'g] b[li6sf]0f pgn] k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] slt;Dd eg]sf 5g\ eg] g]kfnL
…/fdfo0fÚ, …eStdfnfÚ / …jw"lzIffÚn] g]kfnL ;dfhdf NofPsf eoª\s/ dfgl;s /
;f+:s[lts Iflt tyf b'ikl/0ffdx? tyf ljz]if u/L tNnf ju{sf lar g]kfnL …/fdfo0fÚ
n] lkmFhfPsf] elStjfbnfO{ b]Vtf slxn] sxLF t slt;Dd g/dfOnf] nfUg yfN5 eg] s'g}
cfbz{jfbL /rgf g} Jofks :t/df lkmFhfpgsf nflu g]kfnL efiff ;dfTg' lyof] eg] a?
efg'eStn] b'?x / lSni6 ;+:s[tdf g} n]v]sf] eP w]/} a]; x'GYof] xf]nf .-P]hg
M^$_ lgliqmo / cfTd;dk{0fjfbL agfpg] j]bfGtL ljrf/x?sf] lavfn' k|efjaf6 lar/f
;j{ ;fwf/0f hgtf hf]luPsf] eP x'GYof] eGg] sfdgf ;lxt pgn] …/fdelStÚ g]kfnL
hgtfsf d'lStsf] cf]vtL geO{ bf;Tjsf] aGwg x'g k'u]sf efg'eSt lj=;+= !(!) otf
g]kfnL hgtfsf nflu j/bfg geP/ clezfk l;4 ePsf] 7f]s'jf klg u/]sf 5g\ . -P]hg M &!_
e§n]
efg'eStsf s[ltx?sf] cfnf]rgf dfq gu/L To;sf ;sf/fTds kIfx?af/] klg k|sfz kf/]sf
5g\ . o; qmddf pgn] t'ngfTds ¿kaf6 /l;s s[i0fnfO{ eGbf Jojxf/jfbL /fdnfO{ g}
cfkm\gf] ;flxTosf] k|d'v kfq 5fGg] pgsf] k|j[lQaf6 klg ;flxTo ;flxTosf nflu dfq
geP/ hLjgsf nflu xf] eGg] l;4fGtsf pgL cg'ofoL x'g\ eGg] cy{ lgsfNg ;lsG5 eg]sf
5g\ . -P]hg M ^(_ pgL Snfl;sn ;flxTosf] nf]slxtjfb klZrdL ;flxTosf] JolQmjfbeGbf
cem} a9L dfgjLo / ;fdflhs b]V5g\ / JolStjfbL dT:oGofo / g}lts pR5[ª\vntf ljk/Lt
Tof] ;dfhsf] lxt Pjd\ sNof0f, cfTd;+od, g}lts ;bfrf/ / pRrtf;Fu ufFl;Psf]
b]Vt5g\ . o; cy{df pgL efg'eStsf sltko s'/fk|lt ;sf/fTds klg b]lvG5g\ . e§n]
efg'eStsf km'6s/ sljtflt/ klg b[li6 nufpFb} d/]kl5 sLlt{ /fVg] ctL{, lgDg juL{o
3fF;Laf6 lzIff u|x0f / cfTdfnf]rgf, gnq]/ s[i0f axfb'/ /f0ffnfO{ n]v]sf]
chL{kq, k|zf;lgs l9nf;':tL / ef]lnjfbsf] lj/f]w h:tf s'/fdf efg'n] cfF6 k|bz{g
u/]sf] klg pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ .
e08f/L
-@)%%M #(_ efg'eStLo …/fdfo0fÚ sf] :d/0f ub}{ To;df wfld{s gLlt / pkb]zx?sf]
d'St s07n] k|z+;f / k|rf/ ul/Psf] s'/flt/ ;ª\s]t u5{g\ / s] eG5g\ eg] ;fdflhs,
cfly{s / /fhg}lts hLjgsf a]lytLx?af6 d'lSt kfpg] Ps dfq ;'ne pkfo wfld{s efjgf
g} ePsf] x'gfn] efg'eSt cfrfo{n] To; lsl;dsf /rgf l;h{gf u/]sf x'g\ eGg ;lsP
tfklg ;fdflhs, cfly{s / /fhg}lts r]tgf g} gePsf sljn] k/Dk/fut wfld{s cf:yfsf]
kmn:j¿k g} /fdsyfnfO{ g]kfnL efiffdf ptf/]sf x'g\ . pgn] …/fdfo0fÚ df elStefj
k|an /x]sf], …eStdfnfÚ, …k|Zgf]Q/LÚ / …/fduLtfÚ klg wfld{s / cf}kb]lzs ljifo
j:t'df cfwfl/t /x]sf] / …jw"lzIffÚ df}lns /rgf eP klg lxGb" wfld{s
gLlt lgodaf6 k|efljt /x]sf] ljrf/ JoSt ub}{ logdf hftLo pTyfgsf] efjgfeGbf ;ª\sL0f{
lxGb"jfbnfO{ ;'b[9 agfpg] p2]Zo lglxt /x]sf] 7x¥ofPsf 5g\ . a? km'6s/
sljtfx?df pgn] tTsfnLg /fhg}lts Joj:yf cg'¿ksf] k|zf;gk|lt tLj| Joª\Uo k|xf/
u/L ;'wf/jfbL / nf]sf]Gd'v b]vf k/]sf] t/ ;fdflhs, cfly{s / /fhg}lts ljifdtfsf]
oyfy{nfO{ u|x0f ug]{ cfF6 gu/]sf] l6Kk0fL klg u/]sf 5g\ .
k|l>t
-@)%*M%_n] efg'eStsf o'usf] ;fdGtjfb aNn s]Gb|Lo cj:yflt/ hfFb} u/]sf] x'Fbf
bf;:jfdL ljrf/ / k|yf ToxfF k'/fgf] / k|ltlqmofjfbL eO;s]sf] eGb} k[YjL gf/fo0f
zfxn] bf;k|yf tf]8\g Ps b'O{ kfOnf rfln ;s]sf] / ;fdGtjfbL ljrf/ / ;flxTo
Toltv]/ k'/fgf] / k|ltlqmofjfbL eO g;s]sf] tyf g]kfndf k'FhLjfbL hfu/0fsf] uGw
/ lap klg gpAh]sf] clg lj=;+= !(**, !((# / @))& sf] k'FhLjfbL k|hftflGqs
hfu/0f cfpg cem} kf}g] ztfAbL afFsL /x]sf] s'/f JoSt u/]sf 5g\ . Oltxf;sf] To;
r/0fdf …/fdfo0fÚ, …jw"lzIffÚ / …eStdfnfÚ h:tf s[ltx? ;/n, :jR5 / ld7f]
g]kfnL efiffdf cg'jfb ug'{ ;fdGtjfbL cfWoflTds bz{gsf] pTsif{ ¿k j]bfGtL lrGtg
/ ;fdGtL 9fFrfdf cfwfl/t ;dfh / kl/jf/sf] agf]6 cg'¿k lyof] eGg] pgsf] ljrf/ 5
. pgL dWosfnsf] efiff, ;flxTo / lzIff h'g;'s} d'n'sdf klg clwsf+z ¿kdf wd{ /
cWofTdjfbL efjgf;Fu ufFl;Psf] x'g] / To;af6 5'6sf/f kfPsf] efiff, ;flxTo /
lzIffsf] sNkgf sf]/f efj'stf / cj:t'jfbL x'g] wf/0ff klg cl3 ;f5{g\ . To; j]nfsf
efg'eSt cfhsf] /fhg}lts, j}rfl/s / bfz{lgs cy{sf qmflGtsf/L, k|ultzLn,
k|hftGqjfbL jf hgkIfLo x'g} g;Sg] pgsf] 7x/ 5 . To:tf] x'g] sNkgf jf sfdgf
ug'[{ Oltxf;sf] ljsf;sf lgodx?nfO{ k"0f{ pk]Iff ug'{ xf] eGg] klg pgL
dfGb5g\ . pgL s] klg eG5g\ eg] To; j]nf cWofTdjfbL bz{g ;lxt g} eP klg g]kfnL
hgtfnfO{ Pstfa4 kfg]{ / /fi6«sf] hu alnof] t'Nofpg] efiff / ;flxTosf] lgdf{0f
ug'{ efg'eStsf] k|ultzLntf / /fi6«jfbL sfd lyof] / To;}df g]kfnL hgtfsf] lxt
lglxt x'gfn] ToxL s'/f hgkIfLo lyof], P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbn] Oltxf;sf ljsf;sf
lgodx?sf] cWoog ug{ xfdLnfO{ b]vfPsf] af6f] / k|lqmof cg'¿k lyof] . -k|l>t,
@)%*M!)_ .
lqkf7L
-@)%*M*)_ efg'eStnfO{ zlStk"hfsf] wfld{s k/Dk/fdf hGd]sf] 7flG5g\ / pgn]
gf/L hfltk|lt cToGt t'R5 b[li6 /fvL …jw"lzIffÚ / …k|Zgf]Q/ dfnfÚ sf
sljtfx? l;h{gf u/]sf] tyf ltgsf dfWodn] clxn] klg nª\3g ug{ g;lsg] gf/L /
k'?ifsf larsf] ulx/f] vfN8f] vg]sf] lgisif{ lgsflN5g\ .
nfld5fg]
-@)%*M(_ n] efg'eStnfO{ pgsf ;dsfnLg ;zSt ;fdflhs Joª\Uosf/ hfg lbnbf;eGbf
afdk'8\s] 7x/ u/] klg xf:oJoª\Uosf b[li6n] eg] efg'eSts} ;Lldt xf:oJoª\Uo sljtf
pTs[i6 / k|efjsf/L /x]sf] ljrf/ JoSt u/]sf 5g\ .
rfkfufO{+
-@)^*M@&_ n] g]kfndf ;fdGtjfbL /fHo Joj:yfnfO{ bl/nf] / e/kbf]{ ;f+:s[lts
cfwf/ k|bfg u/]/ o;nfO{ l6sfpg] sfddf efg'eStsf /rgfn] ljlzi6 e"ldsf
v]n]sf] ljrf/ JoSt u/]sf 5g\ . efg'eSt nufot n]vgfy kf}8\ofn h:tf ;fdGtjfbsf
kIfw/ zf:qLotfjfbL ;flxTosf/sf /rgfn] k|jflxt u/]sf ;f+:s[lts d"Nox?sf]
lgd{d cfnf]rgf / v08g gu/L g]kfndf nf]stflGqs d"No / ;+:s[lt /fd|/L
km:6fpg g;Sg] pgsf] 7x/ 5 . pgL ljBfkltsf] ;flns /flvg' kg]{ 7fpFdf efg'eStsf]
/ l;l4bf;sf] ;flns /flvg' kg]{ 7fpFdf n]vgfysf] ;flns /flvPsf] eGb} ;fdGtjfbsf
k[i7kf]ifs /fhfx?sf] ;flns tf]8\g' cGoyf x'Fb}g eg] ltgsf] cg's"n ;flxTo
l;h{gf ug]{x?sf] klg ;flns tf]8\g' s;/L cGoyf x'G5 eGg] k|Zg klg p7fpF5g\ .
-P]hgM@–#_ lgg' efg'eStnfO{ nf]stflGqs d"Nox?af6 6f9f /x]sf] / tTsfnLg
;dfhdf k|rlnt af}4 bz{g, To;df klg cem xLgofgLx?sf k|ultzLn lrGtgeGbf a]Un}
cWofTdjfbL j]bfGtL aGg k'u]sf] ts{ k|:t't u5{g\ / Toltv]/ efg'eStn] hftLo
;dfgtfsf] geO{ hftLo lje]bsf kIfdf / j0f{e]bsf kIfdf ;flxTo n]lv /x]sf] lgisif{
lgsfN5g\ .
efg'eStn]
;dsfnLg ;dfhdf k|rlnt hf];dgL k/Dk/fsf] d"lt{k"hf lj/f]wL, sd{sf08
lj/f]wL, hftkft / 5'jf5't lj/f]wL tyf ;tL k|yf lj/f]wL b[li6sf]0fnfO{ ;d]t
cFufNg g;s]sf] a? lg/+s'z zf;g ;'b[9, Jojl:yt / Jofks agfpg ;Qf;Lg k|e'TjzfnL
ju{sf] nflu ;flxTo l;h{gf u/]sf] / g]kfnL hgtfsf] zf;s ju{k|ltsf] c;Gtf]if /
/f]ifnfO{ cWofTd / wd{lt/ k|efjzfnL / snfTds ¿kn] hgefiffdf JoSt u/]/
Toltv]/sf] ;fdGtju{sf] cª\uLe"t a'l4hLjLsf] cfjZostf k'/f u/]sf] wf/0ff
klg pgn] k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . -P]hg M !#_
pko'{St
dt dtfGt/af6 s] b]lvG5 eg] efg'eSt / pgsf] ;flxTonfO{ x]g]{ ljleGg b[li6sf]0fx?
g]kfnL ;flxTodf ljBdfg 5g\ . k|ultjfbL lrGtgdf ljZjf; /fVg] cg]s ;dLIfsx?sf klg
ltgsf af/]df a]Unfa]Un} wf/0ff 5g\ . efg'eStk|lt ;b\efj /fVg], cfqmf]z kf]Vg] /
;sf/fTds Pjd\ gsf/fTds b[li6 nufpg] ofjt\ k|j[lQx?nfO{ oxfF b]Vg ;lsG5 .
^= efg' ;flxTo / k|ultjfb
efg'eSt
cfrfo{ k|ultjfbL ;flxTosf/ xf]Ogg\ / Toltv]/ x'g klg ;St}gy] eGg] s'/f :jtM
:ki6 5 . pgsf] o'u ;fdGtjfbL o'un] pTsif{ k|fKt ug{ nfu]sf] / bf;:jfdL k|yfn]
labf lng nfu]sf] o'u lyof] eGg] k|l>tsf] egfO oyfy{df cfwfl/t 5 . Toltv]/
nf]stGq, dfgjtfjfb / dfS;{jfbsf] pHofnf] g]kfndf k|j]z ul/ ;s]sf] lyPg . :jod\
sDo'lgi6 3f]if0ff kq klg lj=;+= !()% df k|sfzg ePsf] lyof] / efg'eSt @$ jif{
k'Ubf o'/f]kdf Tof] b]vf k/]sf] lyof] . g]kfndf sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] :yfkgf efg'eStsf]
d[To' ePsf] *! jif{kl5 lj=;+= @))^ df ePsf] lyof] eg] k|ultzLn n]vs ;ª\3 lj=;+=
@))( df dfq hGd]sf] lyof] . ctM efg'eStnfO{ k|ultjfbL ;flxTosf] k/v jf hfFr
k8\tfn ug]{ pks/0fsf cfwf/df d"Nofª\sg ug'{ cldNbf] x'g hfG5 . ctM vf;
;dofjlwdf pgn] s] sfd u/] / Tof] slt hgf]kof]uL Pjd\ ;dfhf]kof]uL /x\of] eGg] sf]0faf6
g} k|ultjfbLx?n] pgL / pgsf s[ltx?sf] d"Nofª\sg ug{ ;S5g\ . o;} s'/fnfO{
Vofn u/]/ pgL / pgsf] ;flxTo;Fu ;DalGwt cflb sljTj,efiff k|of]u / ljrf/ kIfaf/]
p7]sf k|Zgx?sf] pTt/ vf]Hg ;lsG5 .
-s_ efg'eStsf] cflb sljTjaf/]
k|ultjfbLx?n] s:tf] b[li6 nufpg] eGg] ;Gbe{df pgLeGbf cufl8 n]Vg] s]xL sljx?
ljBdfg /x]sf] / …k[YjLGb|f]boÚ h:tf] …/fdfo0fÚ eGbf h]7f] dxfsfJo ev{/} k|sflzt ePsf] s'/fnfO{ a]jf:tf ug{
;lsFb}g . o; l:yltdf klg s] s'/f Vofn ug{ cfjZos 5 eg] …/fdfo0fÚ w]/} clu
k|sflzt eO{ w]/} ;dfnf]rsx?sf b[li6df kl/ ;s]sf] / To;}sf cfwf/df pgLx?af6
efg'eStsf 6fpsfdf u'yfOPsf] …cflbsljÚ sf] ku/L ;lhn} km'l:sg] l:ylt 5}g . g]kfndf
dfq geP/ ef/t nufotsf ljleGg b]zdf a:g] g]kfnLx?sf lha|fdf Tof] em'lG8O ;s]sf]
5 / cflbsljsf ¿kdf efg'nfO{ lnFb} g]kfnLx?n] ljleGg sfo{qmdsf ;fy Pstf k|bz{g ug]{ / efiffk|]d emNsfpg] u/]sf
va/x?af6 xfdL sf]xL cgle1 5}gf}F . ctM To;af/]sf] ljjfb ;lhn} 6'ª\lug] l:ylt
5}g . To;}n] o; ;DaGwdf jfb ljjfbdf clNemg'eGbf k|ultjfbL If]qn] uf]ljGb
e6\6sf] of] ;6Ls / ;fy{s egfO dgg ug'{ kof{Kt x'g] 5, æcflbslj geg]/ klg
efg'eStsf] h'g dxTTj 5 Tof] sd x'g] x}g / cflb eGgf;fy pgsf b'a{ntf / bf]ifx?
klg To;} d]l6P/ hfg] x}gg\ .Æ
-v_efg'eStLo …/fdfo0fÚ n] eflifs
If]qdf u/]sf] of]ubfgaf/] :jod\ g]kfnL sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngsf cu'jf k'iknfn /
k|ultzLn ;flxTosf cu|h x[borGb| l;+x k|wfgn] u/]sf] d"Nofª\sgeGbf k/ hfg
cfjZos 5}g . g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ lzlIft ePsf] b]Vg grfxg] /f0ffx? / u'? k'/f]lxt
ju{sf] O/fbf ljk/Lt hgtfdf …/fdfo0fÚn] lzIffk|lt cle?lr hufpg k'/f u/]sf]
e"ldsf, ;+:s[tsf kl08tx?n] xf]RofO /x]sf] hgaf]nLsf] ;Ddfg / g]kfnLx?larsf]
Pstf a9fpg lgjf{x u/]sf] bfloTj, g]kfnL sfJo efiffsf] lgdf{0f cflbdf efg'
;flxTosf] ljlzi6 b]g 5 eGg] s'/fdf k|foM s;}n] ljdlt /fv]sf] kfOFb}g . efg'n]
eflifs lje]b v8f u/]sf] ;Lldt l6Kk0fL ul/P klg To;n] vf;} cy{ /fVt}g lsgeg]
cfkm\gf] efiffsf] pTyfgdf nfUg' pgsf] s'g} bf]if xf]Og . o; ;Gbe{df k/fh'nL
-@)$%M!%#_ n] 6'6]km'6]sf] efiffnfO{ sfJofTds cleJolQmsf lgldQ ;Ifd agfpg'df /
g]kfnL efiffsf] dfgs ¿k lgdf{0f ug'{df efg'eStsf] d'Vo of]ubfg /x]sf] dfGg' tyf
aGw' / cGo -@)^)M@)#_ n] logn] ;/;, ;/n / rf]vf] efiffsf] k|of]u u/]/ g]kfnL
sljtfnfO{ dfgs prfO k|bfg u/]sf 5g\ eGg' cf}lrTok"0f{ / pko'St g} 5 .
k|ultjfbLx?n] ax';ª\Vos hgtfn] a'em\g] ;/n efiff ;flxlTos s[ltx?df x'g' kg]{
s'/f ;bf p7fpFb} cfPsf 5g\ / o; b[li6n] klg efg'eSt h;sf kfq 5g\ .
-u_efg'eStn] xfdLnfO{ k|bfg u/]sf
cWofTdjfbL, j]bfGt bz{gdf cfwfl/t, gf/Llxt lj/f]wL / a|fXd0fjfbL …/fdfo0fÚ, …eStdfnfÚ,
…jw"lzIffÚ, …k|Zgf]Q/ dfnfÚ, …/fduLtfÚ cflb s[ltx? cfhsf ;Gbe{df k|ultjfbL
dfq geO{ k'FhLjfbL nf]stGqjfbL jf dfgjtfjfbL sf]0faf6 klg cfnf]Ro x'g' :jfefljs
5 lsgeg] ltgdf g pRr ju{ / lgDg ju{sf] ;ª\3if{ Pjd\ To; ;ª\3if{df pRr ju{sf]
pTyfg / lgDg ju{sf] ktg 5, g cWofTdjfbL O{Zj/Lo cl:tTj / sd{jfb jf efUojfbsf]
ljk/Lt ljrf/ k|jflxt 5 g t :jtGqtf, ;dfgtf / e|ft[Tjsf] efjgf g} ljBdfg 5 . ctM
k|ultjfbL dfGotfsf cfnf]sdf tL dfGotf ;lhn} vl08t x'G5g\ / v08gLo 5g\ . To;}n]
rfkfufO{+ -@)^*M@#_ l7s} 9ª\un] s] eG5g\
eg], æefg'eStn] nf]stflGqs jf ;dfhjfbL b[li6sf]0fsf cfwf/df Toltv]/sf] ;dfhsf]
cfnf]rgf u/]gg\ jf To; cg'¿ksf] ljrf/ k|jflxt u/]gg\ eGg] b[li6sf]0fsf cfwf/df
s;}n] pgsf] cfnf]rgf ub{5 eg] Tof] ;j{yf unt x'g] 5 .Æ pgn] efg'eSt / pgsf]
;flxToaf/] of] ;sf/fTds b[li6sf]0f k|:t't u/] klg cg]s sf]0faf6 pgL / pgsf]
;flxTok|lt s7f]/ / lgd{d k|xf/ klg u/]sf] s'/f o;clu g} k|:t't ul/ ;lsPsf] 5 .
e§
-@)%%M ^*–&)_ n] …efg'eStdf kfOPsf
s]xL ;sf/fTds kIfx?Ú zLif{sdf pgsf kIfdf s]xL ljrf/ JoSt u/] klg ;zSt ?kdf
pgsf] lrGtgsf] v08g klg u/]sf 5g\ . k|wfg -@)^)_ n] efg'eStdf o'ufGtsfl/tfsf]
cefj b]Vtf b]Vt} klg pgsf ljlzi6 of]ubfgaf/] lj:t[t rrf{ u/]sf 5g\ . o;/L g}
k|l>tn] dfgj Oltxf;sf] P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL JofVoflt/ Wofgfsif{0f ub}{
efg'eStnfO{ x]g]{ ;Gbe{df g]kfnsf] tTsfnLg ef}lts kl/j]znfO{ cfkm\gf zAbx?df
o;/L cª\sg u/]sf 5g\ M–
To; j]nf o'/f]k]nL
;dfhsf] k|ultzLntf k'FhLjfbL Joj:yf eTsfpg >lds ju{nfO{ ;ª\ul7t ug'{df lyof]
eg] g]kfnsf] k|ultzLntf OnfsLo ;fdGtL /hf}6f tGqnfO{ km]l/ p7\g glbg s]Gb|Lo
/fHo Joj:yf / /fhtGq alnof] kfg'{df lyof] . To;f] x'g glbg cª\u|]hL
pklgj]zjfbn] ljleGg vfnsf tfgfafgf a'lg /x]sf] x'gfn] klg g]kfnsf] s]Gb|Lo /fHo
alnof] x'g cfjZos lyof] . o;} l:yltnfO{ g} dfS;{ / P8\u]N;åf/f k|ltkflbt P]ltxfl;s
ef}ltsjfbn] bf;:jfdL Joj:yfeGbf ;fdGtjfb k|ultzLn x'G5 / OnfsLo ;fdGtL /hf}6f
tGqx?eGbf PsLs[t s]Gb|Lo ;fdGtL /fHo k|ultzLn x'G5 eGg] dfGotf cl3 ;f/]sf] xf]
. -k|l>t ,@)%* M$_
k|l>tn]
cem yk s'/f s] klg eg]sf 5g\ eg] Toltv]/sf] g]kfndf dfS;{jfbsf] …dÚ t s]
k'FhLjfbL k|hftGqsf] …kÚ sf] uGw ;d]t cfO k'u]sf] lyPg / g]kfn /fi6« cf]y/f
a:g' clusf] c08fleqsf] emf]n em}+ t/n cj:yfdf lyof] cyf{t\ /fhgLlts ¿kdf
lj:tfl/t e"uf]nleq s]lGb|t ;fdGtL /fHosf] ;fdfGo /]vf sf]l/Psf] lyof] t/
/fi6« eg] ue{leqsf] e|"0fs} ¿kdf lyof] . pgsf cg';f/ Oltxf;sf] ljsf;sf
r/0fsf lx;fan] o'/f]keGbf g]kfn b'O{ dfq x}g, ;f9] b'O{ o'u k5fl8 lyof] . To;/L
g} /fhgLlts hfu/0f / cGt/f{li6«o r]tgfsf lx;fan] sf7dfG8'eGbf tgx'F
r'FbLa];Lsf] /D3f cem Ps o'u k5fl8 lyof] lsg eg] sf7dfG8' ;fdGtL o'udf lyof]
eg] /D3f slanf -hg_ tGq / bf;k|yfsf jl/kl/ lyof] .
efg'eSt
/ pgsf] ;flxTosf] d"Nofª\sgsf lglDt tTsfnLg ef}lts kl/j]z / j:t'l:yltsf]
oyf]lrt vf]hlag / ljZn]if0f cTofjZos 5 / k|fl>tsf] Oltxf; r]tn] To; lbzflt/
xfdLnfO{ cfXjfg ub}{ s]xL tYox? ;d]t clu ;f/]sf] 5 . ctM cfk;df df/sf6 ub}{
/utsf] vf]nf] aufO /x]sf / hgtfnfO{ cftª\lst t'NofO /x]sf e'/]6fs'/]
/hf}6fx?sf] zf;g cGTo x'g lgtfGt cfjZos lyof] / cª\u|]hL ;fd|fHojfb lj?4 h'Wg
klg ;'b[9 s]Gb|Lo ;Qf cfjZos lyof] . o; cfjZostfnfO{ k'/f ug{ k[YjL gf/fo0f
zfxn] u/]sf] sfd Oltxf; ;Ddt lyof] . PsLs[t g]kfnsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f klg tTsfnLg
cfjZostf g} lyof] . efg'eStn] a'em]/ jf ga'em]/ o; dxTTjk"0f{ sfddf
…/fdfo0fÚ sf dfWodaf6 of]ubfg u/]sf lyP eGg s'g} lxrlsrfpg' kg]{ b]lvFb}g .
efg'eStn]
a'4 bz{gsf ;fy} ;Gt ;flxTosf] l;sf] gu/]sf] tyf g]kfndf k|rlnt cGo bz{gsf sltko
/fd|f s'/f cg';/0f gu/L hft, wd{, efiff / lnª\usf b[li6n] lje]bsf/L sfd u/]sf]
cfIf]k klg dfS;{jfbL ;dfnf]rsn] g} pgLdfly
nufPsf] kfOG5 . o; ;DaGwdf a'4 bz{g / cGo bz{geGbf lxGb" bz{g lsg g]kfndf
Toltv]/ k|efjsf/L /x\of] / clxn];Dd o;sf h/f pv]Ng lsg ufx|f] kl/ /x]sf] 5 eGg]
s'/fsf] uDeL/ cWoog cfjZos 5 . ;Gt zlzw/ / 1fg lbnbf;sf ljrf/x? cjZod]j
efg'eStsf eGbf k|ultzLn lyP / jt{dfg o'un] klg To;sf] ;Ddfg ug'{ kb{5 t/ tTsfnLg
kl/j]zdf efg'eStsf] ;flxTo g} pgLx?sf] eGbf Jofks / k|efjsf/L aGg uPsf] s'/f
klg plQs} x[boª\ud ug{ cfjZos 5 . o; ;Gbe{df zdf{sf] lgDg lnlvt egfO klg dggLo
5 M–
/fdfo0fsf] cg'jfb u/]
tfklg efg'eSt ;'/, t'n;L, s[ltbf; cflb h:tf ;Gt slj lyPgg\ . /fdfo0fsf] cg'jfb
t P]ltxfl;s sf/0fdf ;fdflhs dgf]bzfn] dfq u/fPsf] lyof] . efg'eSt kfl/jfl/s /
;fdflhs hLjgsf Ps ;fdfGo JolSt lyP, h;n] pb/ k"lt{sf lgldQ ;fdfGo ;/sf/L
hflu/ vfg' k/]sf] lyof], s'df/L rf]sdf axL a'emfpg' k/]sf] lyof], wfld{s
nf]sfrf/ ug'{ u/fpg' k/]sf] lyof] / 3/ ufpFn]l;t v]taf/Lsf] d'2f ug'[{ k/]sf]
lyof] . ;dfhsf Ps Jofjxfl/s JolStsf] :ki6 ¿k pgsf /rgfdf klg k/]sf] lyof] / of]
Jofjxfl/stfjfbn] ;fdfGo ;fdflhs JolStx?nfO{ klg k|]/0ff lbG5 . -zdf{, @)%* M !)#_
cjZod]j
efg'eSt Ps lhDd]jf/ u[x:y lyP / sltko pgsf /rgfx? 3/ u[x:yL;Fu klg ;DalGwt 5g\
. pgn] hflu/ vfPsf] s'/f k'li6 x'g g;s] klg pgL hflu/] afa'sf 5f]/f x'g\
eGg] s'/f eg] ;fFrf] 7x/ eO ;s]sf] 5 . ;Gtx?sf] eGbf ;dfhn] pgsf s'/f ;'Gg]
tTsfnLg jftfj/0f eP/ kf] pgL ;dfhdf a9L 5fpg k'u] ls eGg] s'/f :jfefljs ¿kdf
cWoogsf] ljifo aGg ;S5 . k|l>t -@)%*M!)_ n] eg] h:t} ljrf/ / bz{gsf lx;fan]
efg'eStsf] ;flxTo ;du| ljZjsf] tTsfnLg ;doeGbf w]/} k5fl8 lyof] / pgn] cg'jfb
u/]sf …/fdfo0fÚ / …/fduLtfÚ bf;:jfdL o'u;Fu tyf …jw"lzIffÚ, …eStdfnfÚ /
…k|Zgf]Q/ dfnfÚ ;fdGtL o'usf /rgf;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ t/ ltgsf k|ltsf] cle?lr Jofks
¿kdf k|s6 ePsf] s'/f eg] gsfg{ ;lsFb}g . x'g t kf7ssf cWoogsf sf]0faf6 s[ltsf]
nf]slk|otfsf] k/LIf0f jf ;j]{If0f ug]{ k4lt g]kfnL ;flxTodf cem} :yflkt x'g
;s]sf] 5}g tfklg ufpF3/df a]n'sf kv ljleGg 3/df /fdfo0f k9]sf] / d[To'zf]ssf
;dodf klg s'?jfx? hDdf eO{ /fdfo0f k9\g] u/]sf] s'/f lxhf] klg JofKt lyof] /
cfh klg To;sf] k|efj 5Fb} 5 . efg'eStsf] cflbsljTjaf/] cln klxNo} cfnf]rgf
k|Tofnf]rgf ;'? eP klg ljrf/ kIfaf/] eg] cln kl5 dfq} s'/f p7\g yfNof] . o;af6
klg g]kfnL j}rfl/s r]tgfsf] w/ftn ljsl;t x'g nfd} ;do s'g{ k/]sf] yfx x'G5 .
ctM efg'eSt / pgsf] ;flxTosf ;DaGwdf k|ultjfbn] cfj]zk"0f{ jf
cfqmf]zk"0f{ b[li6 nufpg' eGbf klg cfheGbf sl/a @)) jif{ clusf] g]kfnL
kl/j]zsf] Vofn ug{ cfjZos 5 .
efg'eStn] cfkm\g} Jojxf/sf ;Gbe{ xf];\ jf
k|s[lt j0f{gsf ;Gbe{df xf];\ ljleGg km'6s/ sljtfx? n]v]/ klg g]kfnL kf7sx?nfO{
;flxlTos :jfb rvfPsf 5g\ . pgn] u/]sf] afnfh' j0f{gdf k|s[lt lrq0f dfq geO{
/fi6«k|]dsf] efjgf cleJoSt 5 . y'gfdf k/]sf avt pgn] lgw{Ss;Fu JoSt u/]sf]
ToxfFsf] b'/j:yf, sfof{nosf] ef]lnjfbk|lt nlIft sljtfTds k|xf/ ;fFRrLs} hg
;d'bfosf nflu pkof]uL 5g\ . o;/L g} 3fF;L h:tf] sfdbf/af6 lzIff lnO{
cfkm"n] sLlt{ /fVg] sfd ug{ g;s]sf]df cfTdfnf]rgf ug'{df klg pgsf] hg
pQ/bfoL efjgf k|ltljlDat 5 . cfo'sf] ljrf/ gu/L ljjfx ug]{nfO{ pNn' agfP/
n]lvPsf] pgsf] km'6s/ sljtf klg x[bo:kzL{ 5 . oL ;Gbe{x?n] pgsf …/fdfo0fÚ,
…jw"lzIffÚ, …eStdfnfÚ cflbsf jt{dfg ;do;Fu cldNbf ljrf/x?af6 lrlGtt
JolStx?sf x[bodf klg s]xL dfqfdf dNxd k6\6L nufpg ;S5g\ .
&=pk;+xf/
efg'eSt
/ pgsf] ;flxTo cem;Dd rrf{sf lzv/df
x'g'n] ltgsf] ljz]if dxTTj 5 eGg] s'/f :ki6
x'G5 . efg'eStsf cfWoflTds / j]bfGtL lrGtg, hfthflt / gf/Lk|ltsf b[li6sf]0f
cflb cfhsf] PSsfO;f}F ztfAbLsf] o'udf cfnf]Ro x'g' :jefljs 5 / ltgn] cfhsf]
o'unfO{ lgb]{z ug]{ s'/fsf] sNkgf klg ug{ ;lsFb}g . To;}n] jt{dfg o'udf 6]s]/
ltgsf] kof{Kt cfnf]rgf ug{ ;lsG5 . hxfF;Dd ltgsf] o'u ;fk]If d"Nofª\sgsf]
s'/f 5 To; b[li6n] eg] tL cfkm\gf] o'usf ljlzi6 / k|efjsf/L /rgf x'g\ .
Oltxf;sf] ;Ddfg u/]/ dfq s'g} ;dfh cufl8 a9\g ;S5 . Oltxf;sf] ljlzi6 snfv08sf
pknlAwnfO{ ToxL kl/j]zsf] Vofn u/]/ ;dLIff ug'{ k|ultjfbL ;flxTosf/sf] bfloTj
xf] . ctM efg'eStsf] d"lt{ e~hgdf g]kfnL ;dfhsf] cu|ultsf] ;kgf b]Vg' klg
xflgsf/s 5 eg] efg'eStn] p; j]nfsf] ;dfhsf nflu k|If]k0f u/]sf ljrf/df clxn]
lxF8\g' klg gf]S;fgbfoL 5 . cfhsf] o'usf k|ultjfbLx? cWofTdjfbL / lje]bsf/L
lrGtgsf ljk/Lt o'uLg lrGtgsf ;fy clu a9\g rfxG5g\ / ;d'Ggt ;dfh lgdf{0f ug{ pBt 5g\ . efg'eStn] em}F cfcfˆgf hgefiffdf
snd rnfpg' pgLx?sf] st{Jo xf] eg] g]kfnsf ljleGg efiff / ltgsf
;h{s tyf c;n ;+:s[ltsf] ;Ddfgsf ;fy Pstfa4 eO{ nf]stflGqs / u0ftflGqs
g]kfn lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' pgLx?sf] bfloTj xf] .
;Gbe{ u|Gy ;"rL
cfrfo{,
afa'/fd -@)$^_, k'/fgf slj / sljtf, 5}6f}+
k6s, nlnt k'/ M ;femf k|sfzg .
cfrfo{,
j|t/fh -@)^#_, …efg'eStsf] ;ª\lIfKt hLjgLÚ, efg' bz{g, jif{ #@, cª\s @, k"0ff{Í *, k[=*%–(@ .
pk|]tL,
u+uf k|;fb -@)%*_, JolSt, s[lt / k|j[lQ,
sf7df8f}+ M k|ltef k|sfzg .
rfkfufO{+,
lgg' -@)^*_, blnt ;f}Gbo{ zf:q / ;flxTo,
nlntk'/ M ;femf k|sfzg .
ltdN;]gf,
kz'kltgfy -@)^$_, k|ultjfbL sljtf M
dfGotf / k|j[lQ, kf]v/f M cf]hg a'S; PG8 ;]G6/ .
lqkf7L,
;'wf -@)%*_, b[li6 rf}tf/L, nlnt k'/
M ;femf k|sfzg .
nIdL
k|;fb, -@)!#_, nIdL lgaGw ;ª\u|x, sf7df8f}+
M g]kfnL efiff k|sfzg ;ldlt .
g]kfn
/fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fg -@)%^_, g]kfnL
;flxTo sf]z, sf7df8f}+ M g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fg .
Gof}kfg],
b}j1/fh -@)^#_, …efg'eStsf] ;ª\lIfKt sljtf ofqfÚ, efg' bz{g, jif{ #@, cª\s @, k"0ff{Í *, (#–!)! .
e08f/L,
hubLzrGb| -@)%%_, k|ultjfbL g]kfnL
sljtf, sf7df8f}+ M d'GgL e08f/L .
k/fh'nL,
7fs'/ k|;fb -@)$%_, g]kfnL ;flxTosf]
kl/qmdf, sf7df8f}+ M g]kfnL lzIff k|sfzg .
kf08]o,
tf/fsfGt -@)%^_, k|ultjfb / sljtf, sf7df8f}+
M zLnf of]uL .
k'iknfn
-@)%#_, 5flgPsf /rgfx?, efu !,
sf7df8f}+ M dbg cfl>t :d[lt k|lti7fg, g]kfn .
k|wfg,
x[bo rGb| l;+x -@)^)_, efg'eSt M Ps
;dLIff, bf]=;+=, nlnt k'/ M ;femf k|sfzg .
k|l>t,
df]bgfy -@)%*_, ;ª\slnt /rgfx?, v08
&, sf7df8f}+ M k}/jL a'S; PG8 :6];g/L ;]G6/ .
========-@)^@_,
ljrf/ / cGt;{DaGw, sf7df8f }+ M au/
kmfpG8];g g]kfn .
aGw',
r"8fdl0f / cGo -@)^)_, g]kfnL
;flxTosf] Oltxf;, r"8fdl0f aGw', ;Dkf=, sf7df8f}+ M g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f
k|lti7fg .
e§,
uf]ljGb -@)%%_, uf]ljGb e§sf ;dfnf]rgf, sf7df8f}+
M au/ kmfpG8];g g]kfn .
e§/fO{,
36/fh -@)$)_, k|lte}k|ltef / g]kfnL
;flxTo, sf7df8f}+ M Pstf a'S; l8l:6«Ao'6;{ k|f=ln= .
nfld5fg],
slkn -@)%*_, g]kfnL ;flxTosf]
;]/f]km]/f], l;4fy{ gu/ M snf ;bg .
zdf{,
afnrGb| -@)%*_, …efg'eSt / pgsf] o'uÚ, ;femf
;dfnf]rgf, s[i0frGb| l;+x k|wfg, ;Dkf=, nlnt k'/ M ;femf k|sfzg .
zdf{,
df]xg /fh, -@)$)_, g]kfnLsf s]xL cfw'lgs
;flxTosf/, sf7df8f}+M ;xof]uL k|]; .
zDdf{,
df]tL/fd e§ -!($*_, slj efg'eStfrfo{sf]
hLjg rl/t, sfzL M ef/t hLjg
k|]; .
;fksf]6f,
bLggfy -!(*(_, …d'vaGbÚ, /fdfo0f,
/3'gfy pkfWofo, bflh{lnª M g]kfnL ;flxTo ;Dd]ng .
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