सम्झनामा चीन भ्रमण

b}n]vdf k|rlnt g]kfnLsf eflifs ljz]iftf

–8f=hLj]Gb| b]j lu/L

!= yfngL

       g]kfnL efiffsf cg]s If]qLo e]bx¿ 5g\ . tLdWo] Ps b}n]vdf k|rlnt e]b klg xf] . kf]v/]n -@)%%M%& n] o;nfO{ g]kfnLsf] cf]/ k'a]{nL e]bleq /fv]sf 5g\ eg] lg/f}nf -@)%!M@#_ n] b}n]v sfnLsf]6] e]b cGtu{t / ltldlN;gf -@)^$M$&_ n] b}n]v lhNnfsf] gfd pNn]v gu/] klg Rofv'/] n]s blIf0f / 7'nL e]/L klZrdsf] g]kfnLnfO{ hfh/sf]6 e]bleq ;dfj]z u/]sf 5g\ . o;af6 s] b]lvG5 eg] b}n]vdf k|rlnt g]kfnLaf/] Jojl:yt cWoog cem} x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ltdN;]gf -@)^@M@$–@&_ n] …b}n]vL eflifssf] lrgf/LÚ zLif{sdf b}n]vdf k|rlnt g]kfnLsf af/]df s]xL hfgsf/L lbP klg pgsf] cWoog …dfun uLtÚ ;Fu ;DalGwt ePsfn] efiffsf ;du| kIfnfO{ ;d]6\g]lt/ k|j[Q 5}g . oL s]xL rrf{ kl/rrf{af6 s] :ki6 x'G5 eg] b}n]vdf k|rlnt g]kfnLsf ljleGg kIfaf/] rrf{ kl/rrf{ / cWoog cg';Gwfg cfjZos 5 . o; uf]i7Lkqdf Tot}lt/ s]xL kfOnf a9fpg] k|oTg ul/Psf] 5 .

@=b}n]vsf] ;ª\lIfKt kl/ro

b}n]v lhNnf g]kfnsf] dWo kxf8L If]qdf cjl:yt Ps kxf8L lhNnf xf] . of] e]/L c~rnsf] Ps lhNnfsf ¿kdf klg kl/lrt 5 . …b}n]vÚ zAb …lbljnf]s>b]jnf]sÚ af6 Jo'TkGg ePsf] dt kf]v/]n / cGo -@)$)M^!#_ n] clu ;f/]sf 5g\ eg] …blwlr n]s>b}n]vÚ cyjf …bxLn]s>b}n]vÚ ePsf] rrf{ lu/L -@)%#M$!_ n] u/]sf]  kfOG5 . s;}s;}n] …b'n{e b]zÚ x'Fb} …b}n]vÚ ag]sf] k|;ª\u klg pSsfPsf] kfOG5 -l;+x, @)%*M$_ . oLdWo] s'g cfwf/nfO{ cFufNg] eGg]af/] km/s km/s wf/0ff /x] klg hg hLjgsf ljZjf; / zf:qLo ;Gbe{ b'a}nfO{ logdf b]Vg ;lsG5 .

l;FhfnL v; dNn /fhfx¿sf] lxpFb] /fhwfgLsf ¿kdf b'Nn' rlr{t 5 . …l;Fhf xf6 b'Nn' lj/f6\Ú plSt k|rlnt x'g'n] klg oxL s'/f k'li6 u5{  . b'Nn'nfO{ k'/f0fdf b'n{ª\Wo gu/ elgPsf] ;Gbe{ ;lxt b}n]vsf] dxTTjk"0f{ Oltxf; ;+:s[lt cGtlg{lxt If]qsf ¿kdf lnOG5 . oxfFsf k~r sf]zL, l;l/yfg -lz/:yfg_, gfleyfg -gfle:yfg_, w"n]Zj/, kfb'sf / tNnf] 8'ª\u]Zj/ k|l;4 wfld{s :ynsf ¿kdf /x]sf 5g\ . oxfFs} sLlt{vDa csf]{ pNn]Vo ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf xf] . b}n]v ahf/ / o;sf] ;]/f]km]/f]df /x]sf u8L, b]jn / :tDex¿ klg b}n]vsf ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfsf gd'gf :j¿k 5g\ .

k|fs[lts ;Dkbfsf b[li6n] klg b}n]v pNn]Vo 5 . /fgLdQf, u'/fF;], srfnL, ltgr'n], dxfa' cflb n]s, s0ff{nL, nf]xf]/], /fduf8, 5fduf8, lrªuf8, tfd]vf]nf, kfb'sf vf]nf, tf/f3f6 cflb gbLgfnf, 8fF8Ldf8L h:tf 8fF8f, u'/fF;, afFh, /ofFh, ;fn, ;Nnf], sfkmn, cflbsf] jg k|s[lt k|bQ pkxf/sf ¿kdf oxfF 5g\ . gbL lsgf/sf kmfF6x¿sf ;fy} b}n]v ahf/, s0ff{nL /fhdfu{ 5]psf ahf/, b'Nn', ;ftvDa, gf}d'n], ljgfos, 8'ª\u]Zj/ cflb ahf/ klg oxfFsf bz{gLo :yn x'g\ .

nf]s ;flxTosf b[li6n] klg b}n]vsf] ljlzi6 klxrfg /x]sf] 5 . oxfF ef/t, dfun, 8\of}8f, ssf]{, e'cf], Gofpn] uLt, 3fF;]uLt cflb cg]s k|sf/sf nf]sufyf / uLtx¿ k|rlnt 5g\ . ljleGg nf]ssyf, pvfg, 6'Ssf Pjd\ ufpF vfg] syf oxfFsf afl;Gbfsf d'v d'vdf em'lG8Psf 5g\ . oxfFsf d]nf dflnsf, rf8kj{, k"hfcfhf, ;+:sf/ sd{ cflbdf ul/g] gfrufg, wfdLemfFqmLsf k8]nL, v]tL / tGqdGqdf klg :yfgLo hg hLjgsf ljz]iftfnfO{ lgofNg ;lsG5 .

:yfgLo j]ze"iff, vfgkfg, /LltlytL, hGdb]lv d[To';Ddsf ;+:sf/ cflbdf cg]s b}n]vL ljz]iftf b[li6ut x'G5g\ . oxfFsf :yfggfdaf6 g]kfndf k|rlnt s}og\ y/x¿sf] gfds/0f ePsf] 5 . bfxfn, k/fh'nL, e't]{n, nD;fn, g]kfn, b'nfn cflb To:tf s]xL pbfx/0f x'g\ . /fp6] h:tf 3'dGt] hflt klg oxfF e]l6G5g\ .

lzIffsf b[li6n] jt{dfg o'usf ultdf b}n]v cjZod]j s]xL kl5 k/]sf] 5 tfklg ljleGg ufpFx¿df pRr dfWolds ljBfno / b'Nn' Pjd\ ;b/ d'sfddf SofDk;sf] ;~rfngn] oxfFsf]   pRr lzIfflt/sf] ofqfnfO{ lj:tf/ ub}{ nu]sf] kfOG5 .

cfly{s ljsf;sf k"jf{wf/sf] vf;} ljsf; oxfF eO ;s]sf] 5}g . s0ff{nL /fhdfu{ / b}n]v ;'v]{t df]6/ af6f] g} oxfFsf] ljsf;df kl/rfos ag]sf 5g\ . k|s[ltn] hlt;'s} l;Fuf/] klg / ;+:s[ltn] hlt;'s} ;DkGg eP klg oxfFsf afl;Gbfn] sdfO shfOsf nflu sfnf kxf8 / ef/tsf ljleGg 7fpFdf uO{ dhb'/L ug'{ kg]{ l:ylt cem} ljBdfg 5 .

eflifs b[li6n] b}n]v lhNnf g]kfnL efiffsf] k|frLg ynf] dflgG5 . oxfF st} st} u'?ª / du/ efiffsf jStfx¿ e]l6G5g\ tfklg d"n ?kdf g]kfnL efiffsf] b}n]vL e]b g} af]lnG5 . oxfF c:yfoL ¿kdf b]/fp6]x¿sf] klg cfˆg} k|sf/sf] efiff /x]sf] 5 .

pko'{St ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts, cfly{s, z}lIfs, ef}uf]lns / P]ltxfl;s kl/j]zsf lar /x]sf] b}n]vsf cfˆg} ljlzi6 klxrfg / df}lns ljz]iftf /x]sf 5g\ .g]kfnL efiffsf] oxfF k|rlnt  e]b klg ;f] ljz]iftfsf] Ps dxTTjk"0f{ s8L xf]  h;sf af/]df oxfF s]xL rrf{ ug]{]{ k|oTg ul/Psf] 5 .

#= b}n]vdf k|rlnt g]kfnLsf ljz]iftf

       b}n]vdf k|rlnt g]kfnL efiffsf] e]bnfO{ b}n]vL g]kfnL eGg ;lsG5 . o;df k|frLg g]kfnLsf ljleGg clen]vx¿ pknAw /x]sfn] o;sf] k|frLg ¿knfO{ klg b]Vg ;lsG5 eg] clxn] hLjGt af]nLrfnLsf ¿kdf ljBdfg /xsfn] jt{dfg ljz]iftfx¿nfO{ klg cg'ej ug{ ;lsG5 . pQ/lt/ s]Gb|Lo g]kfnL, klZrdlt/ cf]/ klR5df / dem klR5df g]kfnL, k"j{lt/ e]/L If]qLo g]kfnL / blIf0flt/ e]/L If]qLo Pjd\ k'a]{nL g]kfnLsf lardf b}n]vL g]kfnL cl:tTjjfg\ 5 . b}n]vL g]kfnLsf ljz]iftfx¿ oxL ljlzi6 kl/j]zdf ljsl;t ePsf] kfOG5 .

#=! lznfn]vdf k|frLg b}n]vL g]kfnL

       g]kfnL efiffsf] ;a}eGbf k|frLg clen]vsf ¿kdf e"kfn bfd'kfn sfnLg b'Nn' lznfn]vnfO{ lnOPsf] 5  h;nfO{ k"0f{ k|sfz g]kfn …ofqLÚ sf] vf]hn] k|sfzdf NofPsf] -kf]v/]n, @)%)M!_ 5 . To;df o; k|sf/ n]lvPsf] s'/f plNnlvt 5 M–

               cf] ====-dl0f <_ kß] x'F . =====bfd'kfn e"kfn b]v eO{ . lsi0f' c8}sf] efO ;fp+kfn c8} ;f -s] <_ ()# .

       O=;+= (*! cyf{t\ lj=;+= !)#* o; clen]vsf] ;do /x]sf] s'/f o;df cª\lst zfs] ()# n] hgfPsf] 5 . of] clen]v b'Nn'sf] sLlt{vDadf cª\lst /x]sf] l:yltdf lj=;+= @)#* df k"0f{ k|sfz g]kfn …ofqLÚ n] k9]sf lyP . o;df cª\lst zfs] ()# af/] s]xL k|Zgx¿ p7fOPsf 5g\ tfklg efiffljb\ afns[i0f kf]v/]n h:tf ljåfg\ o;nfO{ lj=;+= !)#* kl5sf] jf zfs] ()# kl5sf] dfGg tof/ 5}gg\ -kf]v/]n, @)%)M!_ . o;af6 g]kfnL efiffsf] ;j{ k|frLg clen]vnfO{ ;'/lIft /fVg ;kmn lhNnfsf ¿kdf b}n]v kl/lrt x'g k'u]sf] 5 / b}n]vL g]kfnLsf] ;'bL3{ k/Dk/fsf] klg Bf]tg ePsf] 5 .

       b}n]v lhNnfsf] g} b'Nn' l:yt kfb'sf HjfnfhL dlGb/sf] pQ/jtL{ vf]nfsf] le/df k|fKt czf]s rNnsf kfnfsf] lj=;+= !#!&–!#@& lt/sf] lznf clen]v csf]{ k|frLg clen]v xf] . To;df n]lvPsf] 5 M—

                  ;|L czf]s rNn b]j l:r/+ hot' . ;pgf sfsL{ ;fpsf sSof{lgsf] b]jn =============.

       df]xg k|;fb vgfnåf/f k|sfzdf NofOPsf] o; clen]vn] klg b}n]vdf k|rlnt g]kfnLsf] k|frLgtfsf] k'li6 u5{ . g]kfnL efiffsf] Oltxf;df o; clen]vsf] klg ljz]if dxTTj /x]sf] 5 . sltko ljåfg\x¿n] o;} clen]vnfO{ klxnf] k|fdfl0fs clen]vsf ¿kdf lnPsf] klg kfOG5 -cfrfo{, @)$*M##_ .

       clen]v sfnLg pko'{St lznfn]vx¿n] P]ltxfl;s d"No /fVt5g\ . logsf k|fdfl0fstfaf/] ePsf jfb ljjfb cfcfˆgf 7fpFdf 5g\ tfklg oL b}n]vL e"lddf k|fKt cd"No eflifs ;Dkbf x'g\ . logsf cltl/St oxfFsf cGo ljleGg lznfn]v, tfd|kq, sgs kq, 306f, emf/L, cfzfu'hf]{ / 5qdf cª\lst clen]vx¿ klg eflifs b[li6n] cWoogLo 5g\ . of]uL g/xl/ gfy,/fd lgjf; kf08,] ;"o{dl0f clwsf/L,/fhf/fd ;'j]bL cflbsf ljleGg clen]vsf] vf]h / j0f{g klg b}n]vL g]kfnLsf dxTTjk"0f{ ;fdu|Lsf ¿kdf /x]sf 5g\ . o;/L sfuhdf clelnlvt sltko ;fdu|Laf/] cfrfo{ pkfWofo -@)%*M@&–@(_n] k|:t't u/]sf] ljj/0f klg cWoogLo 5 .

#=@ nf]s ;flxTodf b}n]vL g]kfnL

       b}n]vdf nf]s ;flxTosf k|frLg ;du|Lx¿ pknAw 5g\ . k"0f{ k|sfz g]kfn …ofqLÚ sf] …e]/L nf]s ;flxToÚ -@)$!_ df To:tf s]xL ;fdu|Lx¿ ;ª\slnt 5g\ . /fhf dno aDd;Fu ;DalGwt s]xL syg / nf]suLt klg nf]s hLjgdf k|rlnt 5g\ . dno aDdsf] cfb]zsf ¿kdf k|rlnt …rfkf8fnL sfl6 b]pm ?K:of kfgL 5flk b]pmÚ h:tf sygdf oxfFsf] g]kfnLsf] Ps k|frLg ¿k b]Vg ;lsG5 . …rfkf 8fnLÚ n] …rfksf] 8fnf]Ú / …?K:ofÚ n] …/fd|f]Ú cy{ a'emfpg] s'/f ;xh ¿kdf c8\sn ug{ ;lsG5 .

       g]kfn …ofqLÚ -@)#!M@#!_ n] k|:t't u/]sf] nf]suLtsf] Ps c+zdf b}n]vdf k|rlnt k|frLg g]kfnLsf] Ps gd'gf b]Vg ;lsG5 M—

       Od8L kfd8L h'emgL cfof]

       lgDtnL kQo tf/

       jfl/o pF8L kfl/o h'emL

       cGt/ ynL gf}la; åf/

       rGgg gfy /vjf/L c¥of

       oxfF k|o'St …Od8L kfd8LÚ n] a'emfpg] …/demd / tdsemdsÚ, …lgDtnL kQoÚ, n] a'emfpg] …;d/ lgdGq0f kqÚ, …jfl/oÚ, n] a'emfpg] …jfl/kl§Ú, …kfl/oÚ n] a'emfpg] …kfl/kl§, …c¥ofÚ n] a'emfpg] …u/]Ú h:tf k|of]udf b}n]vL g]kfnLsf ljz]iftf emlNsG5g\ .

       g]kfnL ofqL -@)$!M@)^_ n] …afnf/fhf sfzL/fdsf] ef/tÚ df k|:t't u/]sf] aofgdf k|frLg g]kfnLsf s}og\ /x/ nfUbf zAbx¿ ;l~rt 5g\ . sfJo jf uLtsf] efiffsf ¿kdf g]kfnL efiffsf] ljsf; u/fpg tL k|f/lDes r]i6f lgs} dxTTjk"0f{ lyP eGg] s'/f tnsf kª\lStx¿af6 yfx kfpg ;lsG5 M—

       k}lx xfNof /fhfn] af3Da/ 5fnf, k}lx| xfNof /fhfn]

k}lx |xfNof /fhfn] ;'gf e'?NnL, k}lx| xfNof /fhfn]

k}lx| xfNof /fhfn] k~r/Tg] d's'6, k}lx| xfNof /fhfn]

k}lx| xfNof /fhfn] nfn'\kfTof rfk, k}lx| xfNof /fhfn]

lel/ xfNof /fhfn] j}/L dfGof{ ;f]7f], lel/ xfNof /fhfn]

lel/ xfNof /fhfn] ;f?kfTof vfF8f], lel/ xfNof /fhfn]

k}lx| xfNof /fhfn] gj} hfd 5fFr, k}lx| xfNof /fhfn]

oxfF k|o'St …;'gf e'?NnLÚ n] …;'g h8]sf] sf]6Ú, …;f]7f]Ú, n] …8G8fÚ, …5fFrÚ n] cË /Iffsf] cfj/0f, …;f?kfTof vfF8f]Ú n] …l;?kft] v8\uÚ h:tf cy{ a'emfpF5g\ . of] nofTds k|:t'lt / oxfF k|o'St zAb ld7f;o'St klg 5g\ .   g]kfnL ofqL -@)$!M#*%–#(#_ n] …g]kfnL nf]s /fdfo0fÚsf] Ps dxTTjk"0f{ kf7 b}n]vaf6 ;ª\sng u/]/ k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . To;df klg b}n]vL g]kfnLsf cg]s ljz]iftf emlNsg] k|of]u kfOG5g\ . ToxfF pgn] k|:t't u/]sf] kf7sf] Ps c+z gd'gf :j¿k oxfF k|:t't 5 M—

       ;f]x|} / zo Clifd'lg v]l8of 5g\

       /fpGg]sg dfGgfsf h'lSt lvofof 5g\

       ;'g 9'Gsf] ?kf la8sf] Tof] kg agfof

       sfG7L cFu'nL lr/L lr/L /ut hdfof

       ;'g 9'Gsf] ?kf la8sf] pkf8L w]Sof] 5

       kfgL 3fnL vsfnL hfaLdf lnof] 5

       tfOlyd\ hfaLdf u]n /f]of] 5 .

       oxfF b}n]vL g]kfnLdf …v]l/P5g\Ú sf lglDt …v]l8of 5g\Ú, …lasf]{Ú sf lglDt …la8sf]Ú k|of]u ePsf] 5 / :j/dWout …8Ú k'a]{nL g]kfnLdf em}F …/Ú geO{ ;'/lIft /x]sf] 5 . o:t} …/fj0fÚ nfO{ …/fpGg]Ú, rfFbLnfO{ …?kfÚ, …klgÚ nfO{ …kgÚ, …p3f/LÚ nfO{ …pkf8LÚ, …xfnLÚ nfO{ …3fnLÚ / …kvfnLÚ nfO{ …vsfnLÚ h:tf k|of]u klg oxfF 5g\ . …b]Vof]Ú sf] …w]Sof]Ú k|of]u x'g'n] s]xL Wjlg cNk k|f0faf6 dxfk|f0f aGg] s]Gb|Lo g]kfnLsf] ljz]iftf oxfF klg /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o:t} …lnof] 5Ú af6 …lnP5Ú clg …/f]of] 5Ú af6 …/f]P5Ú ljsl;t ePsf] /x]5 eGg] cfwf/ klg oxfF e]l6G5g\ .

l;+x -@)%*_ n] …b}n]vL nf]suLtsf] cWoogÚ, cf]nL -@)^!_ n] …b}n]v lhNnfdf k|rlnt g]kfnL pvfgsf] cWoogÚ / v8\sf -@)^^_ n] …gfle:yfg ;]/f]km]/f]sf nf]suLtsf] cWoogÚ zLif{sdf zf]wkqx¿ k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . ltgdf klg b}n]vL g]kfnLsf s}og\ ljz]iftfx¿ cGtlg{lxt 5g\ .

l;+x -@)%*M#(_ n] k|:t't u/]sf] Oltxf; ;DaGwL Ps nf]suLtdf k'lnª\udf klg :qLlnª\uL …sLÚ e'mlG8Psf] b]lvG5 h'g tn k|:t't 5 M—

wd{/fh /fhfsL nfUbf cfOUof ltnsL aDd

v]nGof /x8L dfG7f b]Vbf] ;DduDd  

:t/Lo g]kfnLdf …/fhfsf nfUbfÚ x'g' kg]{df oxfF …/fhfsL nfUbfÚ k|of]u ePsf] 5 . …/x/ ug]{Ú sf lglDt …/x8LÚ / …dfG5]Ú sf nflu …dfG7Ú h:tf k|of]u klg oxfF 5g\ .

cf]nL -@)^!M&)_ n] ;KtdL ljelStdf …g'Ú k|of]u x'g] u/]sf] pvfg …gfsf}g' km'nL gfO gfpF eGof ;'gdtLÚ k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . …g'Ú sf] ;f6f] …gf]Ú sf] k|of]u klg x'g] u/]sf] pgn] g} ;ª\sng u/]sf] pvfg …l/ªgf 36\6f}gf] cf}F7f xfNGofÚ af6 yfx kfOG5 .

vÍf -@)^^M^@_ n] k|:t't u/]sf] Ps nf]suLtn] klg oxfFsf] eflifsfsf] afGsL k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . ToxfF elgPsf] 5 M—

afnv /f}t]nLsg lsg af]N5\of} lhof

lgg 5}g ;kgf 5}g sfF lnof sfF lnof Û

oxfF klg …afnvÚ, …lhofÚ, …lggÚ, …sfFÚ, …lnofÚ h:tf …afnsÚ, …cfdfÚ, …lgbÚ, …sxfFÚ / …lnPÚ a'emfpg] zAbx¿ k|o'St 5g\ . oxfF …nfO{Ú cy{df k|of]u xF'b} cfPsf] …sgÚ ljelSt klg ;'/lIft b]lvG5 .

lu/L -@)^*M!!^_ n] k|:t't u/]sf] Ps nf]suLtdf …hgÚ zAbn] …h:tf]Ú cy{ a'emfPsf] / c;dflksf ls|of …a;{gfÚ / …?FgfÚ n] ;dflksf cy{ a'efmPsf] kfOG5 . uLt o; k|sf/ 5 M—

l/pnLlkpnL b'O{ a}gLsf 5f]/f5f]/L ?Fgf

lxpF hg a;{gf cfF;' sfl/pF hg r'gf

pko'{St nf]s ;flxlTos ;fdu|Ln] b}n]vL g]kfnLsf s]xL kIfx¿af/] hfgsf/L lbG5g\ . dfly plNnlvt k':tsx¿, zf]wkqx¿ / n]vx¿ dfq}sf] klg lj:t[t cWoog ul/Pdf cg]s tYox¿ k|sfzdf cfpg] s'/f ;'lglZrt 5 .

#=# b}n]vL g]kfnLsf eflifsfut ljz]iftf

       b}n]vL g]kfnLdf s]lGb|t cnu} cWoog clxn];Dd ePsf] 5}g t/ To;sf l5d]sL eflifsfsf ¿kdf /x]sf h'DnL / l;DtfnLaf/] eg] lkPr=8L=txsf] cg';Gwfg ;DkGg ePsf] 5 . l;hfklt -@)%)_ n] …h'DnL eflifsfsf] j0f{gfTds cWoogÚ zLif{sdf tyf lu/L -@)^%_ n] …l;DtfnLsf] efiff j}1flgs cWoogÚ zLif{sdf lkPr=8L= zf]wsfo{ k'/f u/]sf 5g\ . aGw' -@)@*_ n] o;clu g} …s0ff{nL nf]s ;+:s[ltsf] v08 $ efiffÚ df l;FhfnL g]kfnLsf] efiff j}1flgs  cWoog u/]sf lyP . b}n]vL g]kfnL oL eflifsfx¿sf] glhs /x]sfn] Totflt/ klg b[li6 nufpFb} / o; kª\lStsf] n]vs :jo+n] lj=;+= @)%^ df u/]sf] b}n]vsf] cWoog e|d0f Pjd\ afnf/fd pkfWofo cfrfo{ nufotsf ljleGg cWo]tfx¿n] u/]sf sfo{x¿nfO{ ;d]t cfwf/ agfO{ b}n]vL g]kfnLsf eflifsfut ljz]iftfsf s]xL kIfdf k|sfz kfg]{ sfd oxfF ul/Psf] 5 M—

#=#=! Wjlgut / j0f{ut ljz]iftf

       b}n]vL g]kfnLdf :t/Lo g]kfnLdf em}F ^ j6f :j/—c cf O p P cf] tyf @( j6f Jo~hg— s v u 3 ª r 5 h em 6 7 8 9 t y b w g k km a e d o / n j ; x 5Fb} 5g\ . To;df gfs] :j/x¿ cF cfF OF pF PF klg :t/Lo g]kfnL ;/x g} ljBdfg 5g\ . logsf cltl/St c=cf=O=p=P=cf]=bL3{ :j/ tyf 0f z x= h:tf Jo~hgsf] klg oxfF pkl:ylt /x]sf] s'/f tnsf pbfx/0faf6 k'li6 x'G5 M—

÷c=÷ ÷/=8÷ /x/

÷cf=÷ ÷snf=÷ af]nfOg] 7'nf] 8fFsf]

÷O=÷ ÷5L=/f]÷ 5x/f]

÷p=÷ ÷s"=g'÷ s'x'g'

÷P=÷ ÷t]=/f]÷ t]x/f]

÷cf]=÷ ÷kf]=/÷ kf]x/

÷0f÷ ÷/f0f÷ /fF8L

÷z÷ ÷Zofn÷ :ofn

÷x=÷ ÷xfTof÷ ;fyL

       oxfFsf] eflifsfdf k'a]{nL / e]/L If]qLo g]kfnLdf h:tf] :j/dWout ÷8÷ Wjlg ÷/÷ df kl/jt{g x'Fb}g . To;}n] r8f] …r/f]Ú, u8f] …u/f]Ú, /8 …/x/Ú h:tf k|of]u oxfF ljBdfg 5g\ . o; s'/fdf b}n]vL g]kfnL klR5df g]kfnLsf glhs /x]sf] 5 . o;/L g} ÷0f÷ WjlgnfO{ ;'/lIft /fVg] sfd klg o; eflifsfdf ePsf] s'/f dfly lbOPsf] ÷/f0f÷ df b]Vg ;lsG5 . …rGbgÚ sf] …rGggÚ, …aGbÚ sf] …aGgÚ, …5]qLÚ sf] …5]tL{Ú, …vqLÚ, sf] vtL{ h:tf Wjlgut kl/jt{g klg oxfF b]lvG5g\ . o:t} …s:tf]Ú sf]  s}yf], …ci6dLÚ sf] …cO7dLÚ, …s;sf]Ú sf] …s}vf]Ú, …afSnf]Ú sf] …afUnf]Úh:tf k|of]u klg oxfF kfOG5g\ .

#=#=@ ¿kut ljz]iftf

       b}n]vL g]kfnLdf ¿kut ljz]iftfsf ¿kdf ljleGg k|of]ux¿ /x]sf 5g\ . oxfF k|rlnt pk;u{ / k|Toox¿df :yfgLo ljz]iftfx¿ ljBdfg 5g\ . c7f}/, s'sf7, glgsf], lgl3{gL, gfdb{,lahf]/, a}u'g, ;Ghf]u, cf}tf/, lg56\6f] zAbx¿df /x]sf c, s', g, lg/\, gf, la, a}, ;g\, cf} h:tf pk;u{x¿ oxfF k|rlnt 5g\ ,

       s[t\ / tl4t k|Toosf klg cg]s k|of]ux¿ oxfF e]l6G5g\ . cf]8f] …cf]8\g] j:t'Ú, xF8fp …lxF8\g] dfG5]Ú, x]/fnf] …x]g]{ dfG5]Ú, lhtfp8L …lhtfp/LÚ, ugf}6f], …uGtL ul/Psf]Ú, 9F6\jf …9fF6\g]jfnfÚ, vfofsf] …vfPsf]Ú, v]NGof …v]Ng]Ú, elgsg …eg]/Ú, lbof]/ …lbP/Ú, lnof]/ …lnP/Ú, vfof] …cfPsf] cj:yfÚ -pbf=;a} nf]ssf] vfof] cGGof o} d'Ns sf] xf]nf <_, aOyf …a:tfÚ h:tf s[bGt zAbdf oxfFsf s[t\ k|Toosf] ljz]iftfnfO{ lgofNg ;lsG5 . o;/L g} x6f? …xf6 ug{ hfg] JolStÚ, rGgf}6f] …rGbg 3f]6\g] 9'ª\uf]Ú, d'vfnf] …d'v nfUg] JolStÚ, /Tof}8L …/Tof}nLÚ, w'nf}6f] …w'nf] /flvPsf] Hof]ltifn] k|of]u ug]{ kf6LÚ, lkF8fNg] …lkF8fn' nufPsf] 7fpFÚ, hªnf] …;'?jfnÚ, ltnf}/f …ltnsf] n8\8'Ú, s/fnf] …le/fnf]Ú, hf]l/nf] …hf]8 nufpg ;Sg]Ú, g]K6\of …g]K6f]Ú, hc/L …h;/LÚ, sc/L …s;/LÚ, oxf] …o;f]Ú, hxf] …h;f]Ú h:tf tl4tfGt zAbx¿df b]lvPsf tl4t k|Toox¿n] klg o; efiffsf] df}lnstfsf] kl/ro lbG5g\ .

       ljelSt lrx\gsf ¿kdf …sgÚ sf] k|of]u låtLo ljelSt a'emfpg ul/G5 . a? o;nfO{ …sFÚ df kl/jt{g u/]/ k|of]u ug]{ k|rng klg ToxfF 5 . h:t}—dsF …dnfO{Ú, tFsF …tFnfO{Ú, s}sF …s;nfO{Ú cflb . …b]lvÚ sf lglDt …b]OÚ k|of]u ul/G5 . …Psf]Ú, …PsfÚ / …PsLÚ sf 7fpFdf …ofsf]Ú, …ofsfÚ  / …ofsLÚ sf] k|of]u, ifi7L ljelStdf ePsf] kfOG5 h;af6 c¥ofsf] …u/]sf]Ú, c¥ofsf …u/]sfÚ / c¥ofsL …u/]sLÚ h:tf zAbx¿ aGb5g\ . ;KtdL ljelStdf g'÷cf}gf]sf] k|of]u klg oxfFsf] eflifsfut ljz]iftfsf ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . h:t}— 3/g'÷3/f}gf] …3/dfÚ .

#=# zAb e08f/

       b}n]vL g]kfnLsf] zAb e08f/ b}n]vL eflifsfsf] ljlzi6 kl/rfos xf] . oxfFsf ljleGg kbsf]6Lsf zAbx¿df cg]s gjLgtf / df}lnstf ljBdfg 5g\ . o;sf] cy{ cGo eflifsf;Fu ldNbf zAbx¿5Fb} 5}gg\ eGg] xf]Og. eflifsf eO /xgsf nflu ldNg] zAbx¿  / c¿ eflifsf;Fusf] af]wuDotf klg /lx /xg' kb{5 . eflifsfx¿ k/:k/ af]wuDo ePgg\ eg] tL eflifsf geO{ efiff sxnfpF5g\ . oxfF eg] c¿ eflifsf;Fu ldNg] zAbx¿ eGbf gldNg] zAbx¿s} a9L rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 .

       b}n]vL g]kfnLsf gftf ;DaGwL zAbx¿lt/ dfq b[li6 nufP klg o;sf ljz]iftf k|s6 x'G5g\ . cfdf a'emfpg] zAb klR5df g]kfnLdf …OhfÚ 5 eg] b}n]vdf …lhof÷lhHofÚ 5 . oxL zAb e]/L If]qLo g]kfnLdf Hof÷Ho} aGb5 . o:t} afpHo" …a'afÚ, sfpHo" …sfsfÚ, k'mHo" …km'k'Ú, af}jf …a'xf/LÚ, cfHo" …lbbLÚ, eb} …ebfÚ, lhgf afh] …afh]sf afÚ, k/afh] …afh]sf afsf afÚ h:tf zAbdf klg df}lnstf emlNsG5 .

       b}n]v ;f+:s[lts ¿kdf ljleGg wfld{s :yn, rf8kj{ / /Lltl/Affh;Fu ufFl;Psf] lhNnf xf] . To;}n] oxfFsf] eflifsfdf To;;Fu ;DalGwt cg]s zAbx¿ k|rlnt 5g\ . aTof{p …j|t a:g]Ú, OGb|Hjfnf …gle:yfgsf] Ps HjfnfÚ, sfnL Hjfnf …lz/:yfgsf] vf]nfkfl/sf] Ps HjfnfÚ, sfn e}/j …8fOgL ldl;Psf Ps b]jtfÚ, /f]6 …b]jtfnfO{ r9fOg] 7'nf] /f]6LÚ, l6s|L …;fgf] /f]6LÚ, ltof8L …Ps b]jtfÚ, ?dfn …Ps b]jtfÚ, zª\8fn …gfy ;Dk|bfosf] z'l4 sd{Ú, sfglr/f …sfg lr/]/ bz{g nufPsf gfy ;Dk|bfosf JolStÚ h:tf zAbx¿ oxfF k|rlnt 5g\ . yfgdf k"hf ug]{, To;sf nflu ;fdu|L h'6fpg] / cGo sfd ug]{ JolStx¿nfO{ a'emfpg] y/L y/Lsf zAbx¿ klg oxfF k|rlnt 5g\ . oxfF ufpFdf uP/ ;fdfg p7fpg]nfO{ …afnflk/Ú, ufpFaf6 l3pt]n p7fP/ Nofpg] …tslk/Ú, lnkkf]t ug]{ …kf]tfwf/LÚ, d'9faf6 bfp/f agfpg] …s'08fwf/LÚ clg bdfxf ahfpg] …8Ífwf/LÚ, d;fgsf] rf}sLbf/L ug]{ …lrQ]bf/Ú elgG5g\ .

       jg:kltsf b[li6n] klg b}n]v ljljwtfdo 5 . l;Dtf/f] …eLd;]g kftLÚ, l;ofFnL …l;dnLÚ, vf]nL lkkn …lrGg]Ú, sGof8f …l/7fsf h:tf kft x'g] 3fF;sf] ?vÚ, x8hf]hf] …/tLk'5]Ú, l8d'/ …a8x/sf] h:tf] uf]n kmn kmNg] j[IfÚ, 8d/fO{ …ao/sf h:tf kft / uf]nf kx]Fnf kmn kmNg] Ps j[If, nÍf s];/L …dfntLÚ, 3G6L km'n …wt'/fsf 5fF6sf] 306 h:tf] km'n km'Ng] af]6Ú, sfudf; …5\ofª\5'ofª]Ú, 8'd sNof/L …sfg 5]8\g] l;Gs] emf/Ú, /fpGg] …dl;gf kft / ;]tf km'n km'Ng] Ps emf/Ú, ;dfof] …Pp6} 8fF7df ;'kf/] km'nsf h:tf km'n km'Ng] af]6Ú cflb cg]s jg:klt 5g\ .

       hLjhGt'sf gfdx¿df klg b}n]vL g]kfnLsf ljz]iftfx¿ ljBdfg 5g\ . ;G6fofNgf] …;fl/sf jf ¿kLÚ, ;]tfnL …k'R5/lt/sf] efu ;]tf] x'g] df5f]Ú, s/ª\ªf …Ps hftsf] df5f]Ú, ef;]{ …kfvfdf a:g] cf]bÚ, e}F;nL …e}F;LÚ, lesf]{ …lkm:6f] h:tf] ;fgf] r/f]Ú, pd|f}nf …h'sfÚ, dfpjf …s'v'/fsf] kf]yLÚ, dfn'jf …jg k/]jfÚ, df}/f] …dfx'/LÚ h:tL zAbx¿ klg oxfF k|rlnt 5g\ .

       oxfF 3/ / To;;Fu ;DalGwt ;fdu|Lsf gfdx¿ klg b}n]vsf] :yfgLo ljz]iftf;Fu ufFl;Psf 5g\ . oxfF 3/sf k|sf/ dfq klg gfNof3/ …uf]7 gePsf] 3/Ú, xdfNof 3/ …uf]7 ;lxtsf] 3/Ú, kfVof 3/ …5fgf] ePsf] 3/Ú, kTy/L 3/ …9'ª\ufsf] 5fgf] ePsf] 3/Ú, eofF¥of 3/ …e'O{+ tnf dfq ePsf] 3/Ú, afª\ª\of 3/ …hf]8]sf] 3/Ú sf ¿kdf lrlgG5g\ . 3/;Fu ;DalGwt sf]8f …3/sf rf/ s'gfÚ, lznf vfdf] …d"n vfdf]Ú, d'Ýn …3/sf] 5fgfsf] 5]psf] sf7sf] nfdf] kftf]Ú, e'O{Fkf6L …9f]sfsf] km]bsf] t];f]{ sf7Ú, b'jf/ …vfkfÚ h:tf zAbx¿ klg oxLF 5g\ . o;/L g} w'/L anf] …d'Vo anf]Ú, s'd anf] …larsf] anf]Ú / kfgL anf] …kfgL tsf{pg] anf]Ú klg 3/;Fu g} ;DalGwt 5g\ .

       b}n]vsf v]tLkftL / 3§ cflb;Fu ;DalGwt zAbx¿n] klg oxfFsf] eflifsfsf] e08f/ eg{ ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf 5g\ . xnfgf] …km/}Ú, lgdfof] …xnfgf];Fu hf]l8Psf] sf7Ú, hf]tf8f] …xNn'F8f]Ú, hfªf xnfsf] 8fF8f] hf]8\g] efu, Hjfnf …h'jfÚ zAbx¿ xnf];Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ . 3§df k|of]u x'g] kmb]nf] …3§sf] kfgLn] 3'dfpg] d"n sf7Ú, gfpnL …sf]sf]{af6 cGg v:g] sf7sf] efF8f]Ú, s6s6\of …kTy/df hl8Psf] cGgsf bfgf v;fNg] sf7Ú, sflªof] …kTy/df hf]l8Psf] laof] 3';fOg] kmnfdsf] 3'd]sf] ;fwgÚ, laof] …sflªofsf Kjfndf 3';fOg] / kmb]nf];Fu hf]l8g] kmnfdsf] ;'O/f]Ú cflb zAb 3§;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ .

       3/df k|of]u x'g] ;dfgx¿df ˆofs' …r'/f]6sf  7'6f / v/fgL ˆofFlsg] ;fwgÚ, s7'jf …s7f}/f]Ú, sdnL …ljz]if k|sf/sf] lasf]{ nufOg] 7]sLÚ, k/f] …dxL kfg]{ 8f]/Ldf x'g] v'8\sfÚ cflb h:tf zAb klg oxfFsf] eflifsfut ljz]iftf;Fu ufFl;Psf 5g\ . x}sn' …?lkofFsf] dfnfÚ, gygL …7'nf] a'nfFsLÚ, sg{km'n …9'ª\u|Lsf 7fpFdf klxn] nufOg] uxgfÚ, vFufnf] …3fF6L jl/kl/ nufOg] uxgfÚ, a]/f]6 …3fF6L jl/kl/ nufOg] kf]t]Ú, rqmL …sfgdf nufOg] ;'gsf] rf/s'g] uxgfÚ, ;]K6L …skfndf nufOg] sfF6fÚ, km'sf{ …wfuf]Ú klg oxfFsf] eflifsfdf /x]sf zAbx¿ x'g\ .

       ;j{gfdx¿df tdL÷td' …ltdLÚ, xfd' …xfdLÚ h:tf zAbx¿ klg oxfF k|rlnt 5g\ . ;j{gfdsf pRr cfb/fyL{ ¿k eg]/ :t/Lo g]kfnLdf ul/g] tkfO{+, pxfF, xh'/ h:tf zAbsf] k|of]u oxfF sd dfqfdf x'G5 .

       ls|ofkbx¿df cf];fpg' …xfjfdf wfg, ux'F cflb s]nfpg'Ú, emf]sfpg' …l/;fpg'Ú, 3f]/fpg' …6f]nfpg'Ú, efpg' …hf]Tg'Ú, aOg' …5g'{Ú, 5lKsg' …rf]lRsg'Ú ;]O hfg' …;'Tg'Ú, d]Ng' …emf/kft l6Kg'Ú, cg'{ …ug'{Ú ch'ufpg' …lgb|fdf a8a8fpg'Ú, cf]Ssfpg' …jfGtf ug'{Ú ,lsxlnfpg' …x'gx'gfpg'Ú, u}F8g' …a6fg'{Ú, v'Og' …km'sfpg'Ú, l5of] …lyof]Ú, l5of]g …lyPgÚ,l5of …lyPÚ afO hfg' …uO xfNg', / afOuf]…uO xfNof]Ú /h:tf zAbx¿n] klg b}n]vL eflifsfsf] zAbut ljz]iftf k|s6 u5{g\ .

       uª\uf]8f] …n7]a|f]Ú, lgnf}6f] …w]/} lgnf]Ú, snf}6f] …w]/} sfnf]Ú, 3F8fnf] …3fF8f] nufPsf] cu'jf -ufO{, e}F;L cflb_, 3grfg] …7'nf] 6fpsf] ePsf]Ú, r]6\6f] …km/flsnf]Ú, d:t} …w]/}Ú, /fD8f] …/fd|f]Ú h:tf ljz]if0f a'emfpg] zAbx¿ klg oxfFsf] eflifsfsf] ljz]iftf emNsfpF5g\ . o:t} h]7f], dfOnf], ;fOFnf],sfOFnf], /fOFnf], 7fOFnf], hfOFnf] h:tf k|of]ux¿ klg h]7f]sfG5f] hgfpg oxfF k|of]u ul/G5g\ . o;/L g] d'ly …dflyÚ, tln …tnÚ, xa| …dflyÚ, ly/ …lt/Ú h:tf gfd of]uL klg oxfF k|rlnt 5g\ .

       zAb txdf cg]s ljz]iftf af]s]sf zAbx¿ oxfF e]l6G5g\ . g]kfnL zAbsf]zx¿df o; eflifsfsf zAbx¿ k|of]u ug{ ;lsPdf ljz]if nfe k'Ug ;St5 .

#=#=$ jfSout k|of]u

       b}n]vL g]kfnLsf s]xL jfSout k|of]unfO{ ToxfF k|rlnt k'/fgf nf]sufyfx¿df x]g{ ;lsG5 . ltgsf s]xL gd'gf o; k|sf/ 5g\ M–

       tdL cfh afOhfFbf, tdL gx'Fbf dsg s}ly s}y x'gf] . s;f c/nL Û td|f vfGof yfn s}sg v'jfpFnf, td|f vfGof ?kf a6'sL s}sg v'jfpFnf . td|f lhpgf/ k:sGof ;'j0f{sf ylnofdf s}sg lkofpFnL . td|f nf; 3f]8L s}sg ;'DkL hfpnf . td|L xfd|L o}ly e]6 sa xf]nL <

       dflysf jfSox¿ afnf/fhf sfzL/fdsL cfdfn] cfˆgf 5f]/fnfO{ eg]sL x'g\ . o;df b}n]vL g]kfnLsf] gd'gf ljBdfgd 5 . o;df klxnf] jfSo …x'gf]Ú c;dflksf ls|ofdf 6'ª\luPsf] 5 / c;dflksf ls|ofsf ¿kdf :t/Lo g]kfnLdf k|of]u x'g] …x'Fbf]Ú g} ToxfF …x'gf]Ú ePsf] 5 . o; …x'gf]Ú n] b}n]vL g]kfnLdf :j/fGt wft'kl5 tf, bf, tf], bf] gcfO{ gf, gf] k|Toosf] k|of]u x'g] s'/f Psflt/ a'emfPsf] 5 eg] csf{lt/ c;dflksf elgPsf] ls|ofn] g} jfSo ;dfkg ug{ ;S5 eGg] pbfx/0f k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . ToxfF ;Defjgf a'emfpg …c?nLÚ, …v'jfpFnfÚ, …c/fpFnLÚ, …lkofpFnLÚ, hfpnf, xf]nL h:tf ls|ofkbsf] k|of]u ePsf] 5 . låtLof ljelStsf ¿kdf …sgÚ sf] dfq k|of]u ePsf] 5 . …e]6Ú gfdsf clulNt/ td|L, xfd|L, o}ly h:tf :qLlnËL ljz]if0f k|of]u ePsf] klg xfdL b]Vt5f}F . To;}n] gk'+;s lnËsf lglDt klg :qLlnªuL k|of]u oxfF ljz]iftfsf ¿kdf b]vf k/]sf] 5 . …td|f vfGof ?kf a6'sLÚ, …td|f lhpgf/ k:sGof ;'j0f{sf yflnofÚ h:tf kbfjnLx¿df gk'+;s lnËsf lglDt klg …td|fÚ cfb/fyL{ k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . To;}n] :t/Lo g]kfnLsf eGbf leGg s]xL zAbx¿sf ;fy} kbfjnLut / jfSout cGo leGgtfx¿ klg ToxfF b]lvG5g\ .

       afnf/fhf sfzL/fdn] cfˆgL cfdfk|lt JoSt u/]sf] tnsf] egfOdf klg ToxfFsf jfSout ljz]iftfx¿ b]Vg ;lsG5 M—

       afnf/fhf sfzL/fd lhofsg ;Demfpg nfUof 5g\—k|ef] Û lhof Û tdL Sofg lk/ dfGbL 5} . d} ;Dk'/ cfOhfFbf] .

       oxfF klg …tdL ====dfGbL 5} .Ú df :t/Lo g]kfnLsf b[li6n] ;Ëlt ldn]sf] 5}g . …ltdL ====dflGb 5;\ . …:t/Lo g]kfnLsf lglDt cldNbf] jfSo xf] t/ b}n]vL g]kfnLdf Tof] k|of]u :jfefljs ePsf] 5 . d} ===== cfO hfFbf]Ú df klg c;dflksf ls|ofn] g} jfSo 6'ª\UofPsf] 5 . jt{dfg b}n]vL g]kfnLdf eg] ;fob o:tf] k|of]u sd x'Fb} uPsf] 5 .

          cfrfo{ pkfWofo -@)%*M!$_ n] jt{dfg b}n]vL g]kfnLsf jfSo / ltgsf] cy{ o;/L k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ M—

       -s_ afOHo" em6\6} afO hfg' eof] . …a'afHo" l56\6} uO xfNg' eof] .Ú

       -v_ sfpHo" sfF hfg'\ eofsf] 5 < …sfsfHo" sxfF hfg' ePsf] 5 <

       -u_ ;f}F/fO nfO uO{ . …dfof nflu uof] .Ú

       oL jfSox¿df s]xL zAbx¿ :t/Lo g]kfnLsf eGbf km/s eP klg jfSo 9fFrf sl/a sl/a ldN5 . jfSo -u_ df eg] …dfofÚ efjjfrs zAb stf{ x'Fbf ls|of :qLlnª\uL aGg uPsf] 5 h'g oxfFsf] :yfgLo eflifs ljz]iftf xf] .

#=#=% pvfg 6'Ssfdf b}n]vL g]kfnL

       b}n]vL g]kfnLdf pvfg 6'Ssfsf klg ;'Gb/ afGsLx¿ ljBdfg 5g\ . efiffnfO{ ld7f] kfg{ pvfg 6'Ssfsf] dxTTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xG5 . b}n]vL pvfgx¿sf s]xL afGsLx¿ g]kfn ofqL -@)$!M@)^,@)*_ n] o;/L k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ M—

       sfrf ;'kf/L srkr kfsf ;'kf/L d'v nfu .

       ;Hhg ;Ëlt u/ v]/ ghfO{ b'Hhg ;Ëlt k'F8f] efuf]

       5f]/f] kfnL /g} yf]/f] kfgL jg} .

       Ps k'Qsf] k'Qfnf] x'g}df Ps cfFvfsf] cfFvfnf] x'g}gf,Ps e}F;fsf] e}F;fnf] x'g}gf .

       oxfF sfFrf ;'kf/LeGbf kfsf ;'kf/Lsf] dxTTj dfly k|sfz kfl/Psf] 5 . o;/L g} ;Hhgsf] ;Ëutn] kmfObf k'¥ofpg] / b'h{gsf] ;Ëutn] 8'afpg] s'/f plNnlvt 5 . o;/L g} 5f]/fsf] hft ePkl5 o'4df hfg] / e}F;Lsf] yf]/f] x's]{kl5 agdf rg{ hfg' :jfefljs 5 eGg] s'/f klg cleJoSt 5 . Ps 5f]/fsf] 5f]/fjfnf x'Fb}g, Ps cfFvfsf] cfFvfjfnf x'Fb}g / Ps e}F;Lsf] e}F;Ljfnf x'Fb}g eGb} Ps eGbf a9Lsf] cfjZostf af]w klg oxfF u/fOPsf] 5 .

 g]kfn ofqL -@)$!M@)&_ n] ToxfFsf 6'Ssfjt\ kbfjnLsf ;'Gb/ gd'gf klg k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ M—

       nZs/ hf]8\of /fhfn] 3'gy}nfsf] h;f], nZs/ hf]8\of /fhfn]

       /f]ug 9fNof /fhfn] lrqsf/L h;f], /f]ug 9fNof /fhfn]

       8fsf] nfof /fhfn] kx/Lsf] h;f], 8fsf] nfof /fhfn]

pkm8 df¥of /fhfn] uf]/Vofsf] h;f], pkm8 df¥of /fhfn]

              oxfF uf}FynLsf] h:tf] nS;/ hf]8\g', lrqsf/sf] h:tf] /fug 9fNg', kx/L -s'v'/fsf] efn]_ sf] h:tf] 8fFsf] lgsfNg', uf]vf{nLsf] h:tf] pk|mfO ug'[{df pkdf cnª\sf/sf ;fy} nfIfl0fs cy{ a'emfpg] kbfjnLx¿sf] ;'Gb/ k|of]u 5 h;nfO{ 6'Ssfsf ¿kdf klg x]g{ ;lsG5 .

       cf]nL -@)^!_ n] b}n]vL g]kfnLdf ;dfh, 1fg lj1fg, gLlt lzIff, s[lif Joj;fo, cfly{s cj:yf, kz'kIfL, nf]s ljZjf;, xf:oJoª\Uo, :yfg, k|s[lt Oltxf;;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg pvfgx¿ k|of]u ul/g] hfgsf/L lbPsf 5g\ . tLdWo] sltko cGoqsf pvfg;Fu ldNg] eP klg s]xL rflxF b}n]vs} ljz]iftf u|x0f u/]sf / :yfgLotf Pjd\ df}lnstfsf b[li6n] pNn]Vo 5g\ . ltgsf s]xL pbfx/0f :j¿k oxfF k|:t't 5g\ M—

       n]vsf Oi6n] n]v s6f uf8sf Oi6n] uf8 s6f

       e'Gof klg lhof /fD8f] kf]Nof  klg 3fd} /fD8f]

       w'/Lsf] h'7f] xf8f} ;'Ts]/f]

       clN5gL 3l/gf s's'/ df]6f] hfFul/nL 3l/gf aNn df]6f]

       nlR5gn] a}g lbg}g cnlR5gn] p7\g lbg}g

       kfpgfg clgsfn gfO ss{nfg v8]/L gfO

       sf]Bfn] k/fgL wfGof] rf6nf eftn]

       8f]sf] l5Gof{ 3f]uf af]sf] l5Gof{ wfg

       sª\ªfnLsf 3/f}g d';f] kfpg hfg}g

       efO/ cf}Nofn g}g;'t leg cf}Nofn eO{+df ;'t\ .

       dfu hf8f] ls d]u hf8f]

       km'nf} af;gf jl/kl/ dfG7f} af;gf 8fF8fkf]l/

       x:SofF / g]kfn uofF km:SofF / cfOuofF

       oL pvfgx¿df b}n]vL eflifsfsf j0f{ut, ¿kut / jfSout ljz]iftf Psflt/ ljBdfg 5g\\ eg] csf{lt/ lggsf] cy{sf] ljnIf0ftfn] b}n]vL eflifsfsf] cleJolStut ;fdYo{ k|s6 ub{5g\ . oxfF n]s / a]F;Lsf] ;DaGw, cfdfk|ltsf] ddTj, 3fdsf] Gofgf]k|ltsf] cfsif{0f, h'7f] / ;'Ts]/Ln] cfkmGt hgdf kfg]{ k|efjsf] kl/lw,u[lx0fLsf] st{Jo, nlR5gsf] j}lzi6\o cflbdf k|sfz kfl/Psf]5 . o;/L g} kfx'gf / ss{nfnfO{ ;dfg ¿kdf lrlqt ug]{ sfd ul/Psf] 5 . sf]bf] pAhfpg] 7fpFsf] JolStn] k|f0f hf]ufpg] cGgsf ¿kdf To;nfO{ lnO{ eftsf] xfO{ xfO{ ug{ cfjZos gePsf] wf/0ff klg oxfF k|sl6t 5  . ds} v]tL ubf{ Ps af]6 / csf]{ af]6 lar 8f]sf] l5g]{ b"/L x'g' kg]{ / wfg v]tLdf af]s] l5g{ ;Sg] u/L af]6x¿sf] b"/L /flvg' kg]{ ljrf/ JoSt ePsf] 5 . oxfF ul/a b]v]kl5 d';f] ;d]t p;sxfF k:t}g eGb} lgDg ju{k|ltsf] pk]Iff efj JoSt ul/Psf] kfOG5 . o;/L g} e'O{+df ;'Tg] / g}g;'t nufpg] cf}n]nx¿sf] k|j[lQk|lt n]sfnLx¿sf] cfnf]rgfTds b[li6sf]0f klg oxfF cleJoSt 5 . oxfFsf] k|fs[lts cj:yf cg';f/ df3sf] dlxgf / jiff{sf] ;dodf x'g] hf8f]sf] n]vfhf]vf klg ul/Psf] 5 . o;/L g} k|s[ltdf x'g] af;gfbf/ km'nsf] af;gfn] dfG5]sf] af;gfsf] b"/LnfO{ ge]6\g] lrGtg JoSt u/L dfG5]sf] dxTTjdf k|sfz kfl/Psf] 5 . g]kfn cyf{t\ sf7df8f}Fk|lt oxfF gcfpFbf;Dd x'g] cfsif{0f / oxfF cfPkl5 b]vf kg]{ ljsif{0fsf] klg oxfF rrf{ 5 . oL pvfgx¿af6 b}n]vL hg hLjgnfO{ lgofNg / ToxfFsf] eflifs :jfbsf] cfgGb k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5  .

$=lgisif{

       b}n]v lhNnfdf k|rlnt g]kfnLsf ljz]iftflt/ b[li6 nufpFbf o;sf Wjlgut, j0f{ut, ¿kut / jfSout ljz]iftfdf s]xL lghLkgf eP klg g]kfnLsf cGo eflifsf;Fu ldNg] s'/fx? klg lgs} 5g\ eGg] yfx kfOG5 . To;}n] g]kfnLsf cGo eflifsfsf jStfsf nflu ;f] eflifsf af]w uDo 5 . eflifsfdf g]kfnL efiffsf] klxnf] clen]v k|fKt ePsfn] P]ltxfl;s ¿kdf klg of] uf}/jzfnL eflifsf eGg] l;4 x'G5 . o;sf] cleJolSt IfdtfnfO{ o;sf nf]slxlTos ;fdu|Lsf ¿kdf /x]sf nf]suLt, nf]sufyf, nf]ssyf, pvfg 6'Ssf cflbdf k/LIf0f ug{ ;lsG5 . o; eflifsfaf6 g]kfnL zAbsf]zn] pNn]Vo dfqfdf zAbx¿ k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] / g]kfnL Jofs/0f, Jo'''lTklQ cflb;Fu ;DalGwt sltko /x:osf ufF7fx? k'sfpg klg of] ;xof]uL x'g] s'/f ;Lldt ;fdu|Ldf cfwfl/t k|:t't cWoogaf6 g} :ki6 ePsf] lgisif{ lgsfNg ;lsG5 .

;Gbe{ s[lt ;"rL

cfrfo{ pkfWofo, afnf/fd -@)%*_, g]kfnL ;flxTodf b}n]vsf] of]ubfg, b}n]v M >LdtL k'0ob]jL                           pkfWofo .

cfrfo{, j|t/fh -@)$)_, xfd|f] efiff, tgx'F Mn]vs :jod\ .

cf]nL, cf]d axfb'/ -@)^!_, …b}n]v lhNnfdf k|rlnt g]kfnL pvfgsf] cWoogÚ, lq=lj=lj=g]kfnL                         ljefudf k|:t't ck|sflzt :gftsf]Q/ zf]wkq .

v8\sf, uug axfb'/ -@)^^_, …gfle:yfg ;]/f]km]/f]sf nf]suLtsf] cWoogÚ, lq=lj=lj= g]kfnL s]Gb|Lo                ljefudf k|:t't ck|sflzt :gfsf]Q/ zf]wkq .

lu/L, dw';"bg -@)%#_, e]/Lsf sljtf k[i7e"ld / k/Dk/fÚ, dWo klZrdsf sljtf, sf7df8f}F M dWo                          klZrdf~rn ;flxTo kl/ifb\ .

=== === ===-@)^*_,…klZrd g]kfnsf nf]suLt ;afN6g{ pkm{ Oltxf; ljxLg u'dgfd lgd'vfx¿sf]    

ljDaÚ, v;fgL,jif{ !#,cª\s!,k[=($—!#) .

lu/L, hLj]Gb| b]j -@)%#_,e]/L If]qLo g]kfnL ls|ofsf] ;+/rgfTds ljZn]if0f,sf7df8f}F Mkfj{tL lu/L .

=== === ==== -@)^%_, …l;DtfnLsf] efiff j}1flgs cWoogÚ lq=lj=lj=df k|:t't ck|sflzt ljBfjfl/lw                      zf]w k|aGw .

uf}td, b]jL k|;fb -@)$(_, g]kfnL efiff kl/ro, nlnt k'/ M ;femf k|sfzg .

ltldlN;gf, odgfy -@)^$_, eflifsfsf] ;}4flGts kIf tyf g]kfnLsf eflifsf lgwf{/0f, kf]v/fM                                 cjnf]sg ;flxTo k|lti7fg .

ltdN;]gf,gf/fo0f k|;fb-@)^@_,…b}n]vdf k|rlnt dfunsf] ;ª\sng,juL{s/0f / ljZn]if0fÚ

     lq=lj=lj= g]kfnL s]Gb|Lo ljefudf k|:t't ck|sflzt :gfsf]Q/ zf]wkq .

lg/f}nf, o1]Zj/ -@)%!_, ls|ofsf] ¿ktTTjsf cfwf/df g]kfnLsf eflifsfx¿sf] lgwf{/0f,

                           sf7df8f}F M n]vs :jod\ .

g]kfn ofqL, k"0f{ k|sfz -@)#(_,…;j{ k|frLg g]kfnL clen]vÚ, kRrL; jif{sf eflifs rrf{,                                         sf7df8f}F Mg]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fg .

=== === ===-@)$!_, e]/L nf]s ;flxTo, sf7df8f}FM g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fg .

kf]v/]n, afns[i0f -@)%)_, kfFr ;o jif{, nlnt k'/M ;femf k|sfzg .

=== === ===-@)$^_, /fi6« efiff, ;f=;+=, nlnt k'/ M;femf k|sfzg .

=== === ===-@)%%_, /fi6« efiff, b=;+=, nlnt k'/ M;femf k|sfzg .

aGw', r"8fdl0f -@)@*_, s0ff{nL nf]s ;+:s[lt, v08 $ efiff,sf7df8f}F M ;femf k|sfzg .

=== === ===-@)#^_, g]kfnL efiffsf] pTklQ, t]=;+=, nlnt k'/ M;femf k|sfzg .

l;+x, 8Da/ axfb'/ -@)%*_, b}n]vL nf]suLtsf] ljZn]if0f / cWoogÚ, lq=lj=lj=lqrGb| ax'd'vL                           SofDk;, sf7df8f}Fdf k|:t't ck|sflzt :gfsf]Q/ zf]wkq .

l;hfklt, /fd ljs|d -@)%)_, …h'DnL eflifsfsf] j0f{gfTds cWoogÚ, lq=lj=lj= df k|:t''t                              ck|sflzt ljBjfl/lw zf]w k|jGw .

;]G6«n Ao'/f] ckm :6\ofl6l:6S; ÷Central Bureau of statistics (A.D.2002),      

Population of Nepal, Kathmandu : HMG,National Planning    commission,CBS.