k|f=8f= hLj]Gb|b]j lu/L;+u zAb ;+of]hgsf] k|Zg

k|f=8f= hLj]Gb|b]j lu/L;+u zAb ;+of]hgsf] k|Zg            

!= k|ultzLn ;flxTosf] cleoGtf ePsf] gftfn] eGg' kbf{ k|ultzLn ;flxTosf] kl/efiff atfO lbg' xf];\ g <

pQ/ M k|ultzLn ;flxTo eg]sf] cu|ufdL ljrf/ ePsf] ;flxTo xf] .  o;n] k"0f{tM dfS;{jfbnfO{ gcFufn] klg To;}af6 pHofnf] kfpF5 . cGofo, zf]if0f, pTkL8g, e]befj, cGwljZjf; / ¿l9sf] o;n] lj/f]w ub{5 . of] Jofks hgtf cyf{t\ >dhLjL hgtfsf kIfdf pleG5 . ltg} hgtfsf hLjgsf 3fd5fof, ;'vb'Mv, psfnL cf]/fnL, pTyfg ktg / ult cultsf jf:tljstfnfO{ o;n] snfTds cleJolSt lbG5 . dfG5]nfO{ lg/fzfsf cfxfndf 8'afpg] lrGtgsf] of] lj/f]w ub{5 / cFWof/fdf klg cfzfsf] ls/0f 5b}{ afFRg] pTk]|/0ff k|bfg ul/ /xG5 .  g o;n] k"j{hGd, k'gh{Gd, :ju{gs{, b]jb]jL, e"tk]|t, af]S;L 8fOgLdf ljZjf; ub{5 gt sf]xL j}ejzfnL / sf]xL ljkGg x'g'nfO{ efUo jf cjtf/sf] v]n 7fGb5 . O{Zj/n] dfG5]sf] efUo agfpF5 eGg] h:tf lrGtgdf o;n] ljZjf; ub}{g . oxL wtL{sf dfG5]n] agfPsf gLlt gLlt lgod g} dfG5]sf ;'vb'Mvsf sf/0f x'g\ / ltgnfO{ abNg ;lsG5 eGg] ljZjf; o;n] /fVt5 .

@= k|ultzLn n]vs x'g s] s:tf u'0fx¿ cfjZos x'G5g\ <

k|ultzLn n]vs hgtfsf] n]vs xf] . To;}n] hglxtsf/L n]vg g} p;sf] u'0f jf klxrfg xf] . hglxtsf/L n]vg eg]sf] hg hLjgsf ;d:ofaf6 hgtfnfO{ 5'6sf/f lbnfpg ;xof]u k'/\ofpg] n]vg xf] eGg] xfdL ;a}nfO{ yfx g} 5 . s'g} klg k|sf/sf] lyrf]ldrf] / e]befjsf] lj/f]wdf pm cfˆgf] snd rnfpF5 . b'MvL ul/a >dhLjL hgtf / /fi6«sf hLjgdf cfO nfUg] clgi6sf lj/f]wdf pm cfafh a'nGb ub{5 . cfr/0fsf b[li6n] klg s'nt / s'sd{af6 6f9f /xL hgtfsf] cfb/ ;Ddfg of]Uo x'g' p;sf] ljz]iftf xf] .

         

#= tkfO{+ k|ultjfbL ljrf/sf] ;+jfxs, clxn] tkfO{+ g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fgsf] ;b:o ;lrj h:tf] ul/dfdo :yfgdf x'g' x'G5, cfkm"n] rfx] h:tf] sfo{ o; kbdf /x]/ klg ug{ gkfpFbf lg/fz t x'g' ePsf] 5}g <

xf], d clxn] g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fgsf] ;b:o ;lrj h:tf] lhDd]jf/ kbdf sfo{/t 5' . oxfF /x]/ k|fl1s k|zf;gsf] sfddf d a9L Jo:t /xg' kb{5 . ;a} ljrf/sf n]vs ;flxTosf/x?sf dfemdf /x]/ d}n] sfd ug'{ kb{5 . d]/f] n]vgsf] j}rfl/s kIfnfO{ o;n] s'g} tuf/f] nufpF5 h:tf] dnfO{ nfUb}g . d c¿sf] ljrf/sf] ;Ddfg ub{5' / c¿af6 klg ToxL ck]Iff ub{5' . a? n]vgdf a9L ;do nufgL ug{ g;Stfsf] kL8fn] eg] s]xL kf]Ng] u/]sf] 5 . hxfF;Dd k|1f k|lti7fgaf6 ul/g] sfd xf] To;df k|f1 kl/ifb\sf] Pstfab\w k|oTgaf6 s]xL sfd ePsf 5g\ / s]xL x'Fb} 5g\ . o;df k|1f kl/jf/af6 /fd|f] ;xof]u d}n] kfPsf] 5' . d cFWof/fdf klg pHofnf] vf]Hg rfxG5' / cfˆgf sfddf lg/fz x'g' kg]{ sf/0f 5}g .

$= g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fgn] cfhsf] ;do cg's"n s] s:tf] sfo{ ug{ ;s]sf] 5 . o; ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L u/fO lbg' xf];\ g <

         

          g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fgn] d'VotM kfFr k|sf/sf sfdx? ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . cWoog cg';Gwfg / cg'jfb, uf]i7L ;Dd]ng sfo{zfnfsf] cfof]hgf, k|sfzg, ;Ddfg / cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw . clxn] oxfF cfhsf] kl/jlt{t ;donfO{ Vofn u/]/  g]kfnsf ljleGg efiff, hfthflt / ;+:s[lt;Fu ;DalGwt dxTTjk"0f{ cWoog, cg';Gwfg / cg'jfb u/fOPsf 5g\ . tL g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fgsf] sfo{If]qleqsf ;flxTo, efiff, ;+:s[lt, bz{g zf:q / ;fdflhs zf:q;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ . b]zsf] /fhwfgLdf tyf t/fO{, kxf8 /  lxdfn If]qsf ljleGg efudf uf]i7L, ;Dd]ng / sfo{zfnfsf] cfof]hgf u/L 1fgsf] lj:tf/ tyf efiff ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f / ;+jw{gdf 6]jf k'/\ofpg]  sfd ePsf  5g\ . uPsf] jif{ dfq %) eGbf a9L cWoog, cg';Gwfg / cg'jfb tyf Tolt g} ;ª\Vofdf uf]i7L, ;Dd]ng / sfo{zfnf ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . xfd|f k|sfzglt/ b[li6 nufpg' eof] eg] …g]kfnL a[xt\ zAbsf]zÚsf] kl/jlw{t kl/dflh{t ;+:s/0f k|sflzt ePsf] 5 eg]  ljifout ZfAbsf]z k|sfzgsf] k|f/De …efiff lj1fg zAbfjnLÚaf6 ePsf] 5 . h'DnL, ef]hk'/L, tfdfª / cGo dft[efiffsf zAbsf]zx? k|sflzt x'Fb} 5g\ . o;/L g} ljleGg hfthflt;Fu ;DalGwt ldysx? ;ª\sng ul/Fb} 5g\ / ltgsf] k|sfzgsf] tof/L eO /x]sf] 5 .   k|f1 kl/ifb\sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ c¿ s]xL dxTTjk"0f{ k':tsx?  ut jif{ k|sflzt eP eg] o; jif{ klg k|sflzt x'Fb} 5g\ . /fli6«o sljtf dxf]T;jdf g]kfnL efiffsf dfq sljtf jfrg x'g] u/]sfdf cGt/f{li6«o dft[efiff lbj;sf pknIodf g]kfnsf ;a} dft[efiffdf sljtf jfrg ug{ ;lsg] k/Dk/f a;flnPsf] 5 . /fi6«sf ljleGg efiff, ;flxTo, ;+:s[lt bz{g / ;fdflhs zf:q If]qsf Vofltk|fKt jfª\do;]jL ljb\jfg\ ljb'ifLx?nfO{ k'/:sf/b\jf/f ;Ddflgt ul/Fb} cfPsf] 5 . ;+;f/e/ n]lvPsf] g]kfnL ;flxTosf] ;f]wLvfhLlt/ klg xfd|f] rf;f] a9]sf] 5 / u}/cfjf;Lo g]kfnL ;ª\3;Fusf] xfd|f] ;xsfo{sf lglDt ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . uPsf] jif{sf] cS6'a/df xfd|f] ;xsfo{df 8fo:kf]l/s n]vgsf] l;b\wfGt tyf  8fo:kf]l/s n]vgsf] ;j]{If0f ;DaGwL Ps dxTTjk"0f{ cGt/f{li6«o g]kfnL ;flxTo ;Dd]ng ;DkGg eof] . rLg / ef/tsf ;flxlTos ;+:yfx?;Fu dfq /x]sf] xfd|f] cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw clxn] aª\unf b]z;Fu klg :yflkt ePsf] 5 eg] kfls:tfg, >Lnª\sf nufotsf d'n'sx?;Fu klg To;lglDt s'/fsfgL eO /x]sf] 5 . o;/L ;dosf] ultnfO{ klj|mg xfdL k|oTgzLn 5f}F .

%= g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fgn] cfufdL lbgdf s] s] sfo{ ug]{ ;f]r agfPsf] 5, hfgsf/L u/fO lbg ldNg] eP u/fO lbg' xf];\ g <

          g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fg d'n'ssf] cu|0fL k|1f k|lti7fg xf] / ;+ljwfgn] k|bfg u/]sf] o;sf] s]Gb|Lo e"ldsf cg'¿k xfdL xfd|f sfdx? cfufdL lbgdf ;DkGg ub}{ hfg] 5f}F . g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fgsf] ^) cf}F jif{sf] xL/s hoGtL oxL @)&# c;f/ ( df dgfOFb} 5 /  o; pknIodf jif{el/ ljljw  sfo{j|md cfof]hgf u/L o;nfO{ dgfOg] 5 .  o; pknIodf xfdL s]xL dxTTjk"0f{ k|sfzgsf] tof/Ldf nfUb} 5f}F . /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o ;flxlTos ;Dd]ng cfof]hgf ug]{ klg xfd|f] nIo /x]sf] 5 . xfdL rLgsf ;fy} blIf0f Pl;ofnL d'n'sx?sf jfª\dlos ;+:yfx?n] ;femf ultljlw ug]{ ;~hfn lgdf{0fsf lglDt klg k|oTgzLn 5f}F .  g]kfn k|1f k|lti7fgsf] ef}lts ;'ljwfdf ;'wf/ ug{ xfdL k|of;/t  5f}F . o;/L g} k':tsfnosf] cfw'lgsLs/0fsf lglDt klg sfd eO /x]sf] 5 .

^=tkfO{+sf] lgtfGt JolQmut / ;flxlTos hLjgsf lttfld7f clj:d/0fLo If0fx¿ 5g\ / atfpg ldN5 eg] atfO lbg' x'G5 ls <

d}n] ;lDem /xg] 36gf t w]/} 5g\ . oxfF s]xL k|;ª\u /fV5' M

-s_ Ps k6s d l;Dtfsf] sfk|Lrf}/df eflUdnfsf] kmn vfg ?vdf r9]sf] lyPF . 7:s] xfFuf] efFlrP/ v;]F / P]F;]n'sf emfª ePsf] le/fnf]df u'8\b} lgs} tnsf] af/Ldf k'u]F . v'a} b'Vof] t/ 8/fP/ s;}nfO{ elgg . kl5 dfq cfdfn] t]n nufpFbf yfx kfpg' eof] t/ d]/f] cg'dfg ljk/Lt l/;fpg' ePg .

-v_ d afNosfndf cln ;ª\sf]r dfGg] / nHhfn' :jefjsf] lyPF . ljb\ofnodf k|foM k|yd x'Gy]F . glthf ;'Gg hfFbf eg] k|yd eOGg ls eg]/ 8/ nfUYof] . Ps k6ssf] s'/f ;DemG5' . glthf ;'Gg uPsf] lyPF . pxL 8/n] ljb\ofno glhs}sf] emf8Ldf n's]/ a;]F . glthf ;'gfOFbf cfk"m k|yd ePsf] yfx kfPF / emf8Laf6 k'mQ lg:s]/ ;a}sf] :ofaf;L vfPF .

-u_ lj=;+=@)#! df g]kfn uGhdf  xfdL s]xL hgf aL=P=sf] hfFr lbFb} lyof}F .   ;'v]{taf6 xjfO{ hxfhdf cfPsL d]/L  ;fgLdf gftf kg]{n] ;'v]{tdf s]xL df:6/x? kj|mfp k/]sf] / s]xL kj|mfp kg]{ s'/f ;'g]sf] va/ Nofpg' eof] . gfd lnOPsf ;a} cfˆg} ;ª\u7g;Fu ;DalGwt x'g' x'GYof] . d cfkm} ;ª\u7gsf] lhDd]jf/ JolSt ePsfn] kj|mfp kg]{ vt/f lyof] . xfd|f] hfFr ;lsPsf] lyPg . hfFr ;lsg] lalQs} ;'/lIft :yfglt/ nfUg] lgwf] xfdLn] u/\of}F . hfFr ;s]/ d cfdfaf /xg' ePsf] afFs]sf] x;gf k'/ ufpF l:yt 3/df k'u]F . pxfFx? hfFr ;s]/ cfPsf] 5f]/f] s]xL lbg ToxLF /x]/ ;':tfcf];\ eGg] rfxg' x'GYof] t/ d}n] 3/df a:g' l7s x'Fb}gYof] . of] s'/f 3/df eGbf klg cfdfaf cflQg ;Sg' x'GYof] . To;}n] l56} kmls{g] s'/f u/L d t'?Gt 3/af6 ;ª\u7gsf cf>odf k'u]F . d]/f ;flxFnf efOn] ;'v]{taf6 s'b]/ cfO{ va/ ;'gfPkl5 dfq pxfFx?n] 36gfaf/] yfx kfpg' eP5 .

-3_ d]/L >LdtL l;ls:t la/fdL ePsfn] d sf7df8f}F a:g' kg]{ eof] . To;}n] /Tg/fHo SofDk;df ;fgf]ltgf] hflu/ vfPF . la/fdL >LdtLnfO{ c:ktfndf egf{ u/]/ x]/rfx ug{ dnfO{  laxfgL ;qdf sfd ug{ kfP ;lhnf] kYof]{ . Tof] s'/f gegL d}n]   SofDk; k|d'v;Fu lbpF;f] k9\g] s'/f u/L laxfg sfd ug]{ cj;/ lbg eg]F . pxfFn] k|j]z k/LIffdf gfd lg:s]kl5 ljrf/ u?Fnf eGg' eof] . d}n] sLlt{k'/df /fhgLlt zf:q / g]kfnL ljifodf Pd=P= k9\g k|j]z k/LIff lbPF . /fhgLlt zf:qdf d]/f] ;a}sf eGbf a9L cª\s cfO{ != gDa/df gfd lgl:sof] eg] g]kfnLdf klg k|j]z k/LIff pQL0f{ u/]F . d}n] SofDk; k|d'vnfO{ glthf b]vfPF / /fhgLlt zf:q k9\g egf{ eO{ laxfg sfd ug{ kfPF . k9fO eg] d}n] g]kfnLdf k'/f u/]F .

&= eljiodf tkfO{+sf] s] of]hgf 5 <

           efiff ;flxTosf ;fy} ;fdflhs /fhg}lts sfddf ;+nUg x'g] / s]xL s[ltx? k|sfzg ug]{ ljrf/df 5' .       

         

*= tkfO{+sf] s'g} vf; cDdn 5 ls <

         

5}g . cNnf/] pd]/df s]xL jif{ r'/f]6 lkPsf] lyPF t/ To;nfO{ 5f8]sf] #^ jif{ eO ;Sof] .

         

(= vfglkg / ;fyL ;FuftL ;DaGwdf <

          d ;fwf vfgf vfG5' . :jf:Yosf sf/0fn] df;' / u'lnof] kbfy{ vfGg . dlb/fsf] ;]jg d}n] slxNo} ul/g .

!)= /f]uAoflwn] slQsf] ;tfpg] u5{ < 

          ;fdfGotM :jf:Yo l7s} 5 . dw'd]x / pRr /Strfkn] s]xL b'Mv lbPsf 5g\ clg 9f8 b'Vg] /f]un] klg slxn] sxLF ;tfpg] u/]sf] 5 . ;fy}  lr;f]df vf]sL klg nfUYof] t/ cf}ifwLsf] ;]jgn] ubf{ vf]sL lgoGq0fdf /x]sf] 5 .

         

!!= g]kfndf nf]sjftf{sf] cWoog cg';Gwfg s:tf] /x]sf] kfpg' ePsf] 5 <

         

          nf]sjftf{sf] cWoogk|lt cle?lr a9\bf] 5 . :gftsf]Q/ / ljBf jfl/lw txdf ljleGg cWoog cg';Gwfg ePsf 5g\ . nf]sjftf{ ;DaGwL cg]s k':tsx? k|sfzgdf cfPsf 5g\ . o;sf] ljsf;sf nflu ljleGg ;ª\3;+:yfx? klg lj|mofzLn 5g\ . ljZj ljBfnox?n] o;sf ljefux? vf]Ng] t/v/ ul/ /x]sf 5g\ . olt x'Fbf x'Fb} klg o;sf] cWoogdf hlt nufgL x'g' kYof]{ Tof] eg] x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . ax' ;+:s[ltn] ;DkGg g]kfnsf] cToGt cd"No ;DklQ nf]sjftf{ xf] / d'n'ssf] ;d'Gglt / ;d[b\lwdf o;af6 7'nf] ;xof]u k'Ug ;S5 eGg] s'/f gLlt lgdf{tfx?n] a'em\g cfjZos 5 .

!@= slxn]b]lv nf]sjftf{tkm{ cfslif{t x'g' eof] < o; If]qdf cfpg s;}sf] k|]/0ff jf ;ª\utsf] e"ldsf 5 eg] hfGg pT;'s 5' <

          ;'?df ddf nf]sjftf{k|ltsf] ?lr hufpg] sfd 3/ kl/jf/af6} ePsf] xf] . dnfO{ x'sf{pg] d]/L aHo} ;Gt' ef/tLn] cg]s nf]ssyf / nf]suLt cfˆgf sfvdf /fv]/ dnfO{ ;'gfpg' ePsf] xf] . d]/f af :jod\ nf]suLt ufpg' x'GYof] / ufpFdf ufOg]  kmfusf]  bf]xf]/Ldf c¿nfO{ x/fpg pxfFsf] vf]hL x'GYof] eGg] d}n] ;'g]sf] 5' . To;kl5  lzIfssf ¿kdf  sfd ubf{ d ufpFsf] nf]sjftf{do jftfj/0fdf k'u]F / w]/} s'/f l;Sg] df}sf kfPF . afNosfndf d}n] ;'g]sf wd{/fh yfkf / k|]d k|sfz dNnsf uLtn] klg dnfO{  cfslif{t u/] . jfd cfGbf]ngdf nfu]kl5 gofF ljrf/ el/Psf df]bgfy k|l>t ;d]tsf] …krf; ?lkofFsf] td;'sÚ / cGo s[ltsf ljleGg nf]suLt;Fu kl/lrt x'g] cj;/ ldNof] / nf]snodf s]xL uLt d cfkm}n] klg n]v]F . lq=lj=df :gftsf]Q/ txdf g]kfnL ljifo lnP/ k9\g yfn]kl5 u'? r"8fdl0f aGw'af6 nf]s ;flxTosf l;b\wfGtaf/] hfGg] cj;/ k|fKt eof] / nf]s ;flxTo;Fu ;DalGwt len]h k|f]kmfOn d}n] tof/ kf/]F . pxfFs} lgb]{zgdf d}n] ljBf jfl/lw txsf] eflifs cWoog ;DkGg u/]F . If]qsfo{;Fu ;DalGwt o; cWoogn] klg dnfO{ k'gM nf]s ;flxTosf] e08f/ /x]sf] ufpFn] jftfj/0f;Fu glhSofof] . oL ;a}af6 d nf]s ;flxTolt/ clek|]l/t ePsf] x'F .

         

!#= zAb ;+of]hgsf kf7sx¿nfO{ g]kfnL nf]suLt ;ª\sng ug]{ ljlwaf/] hfgsf/L u/fO lbg' xf];\ <

          g]kfnsf ljleGg efudf nf]suLtsf cg]s ;'Gb/ afGsLx? 5g\ . ltgnfO{ ;ª\sng ug{ If]qsfo{ ug'{ kb{5 cYff{t\ tL hxfF ufOG5g\ ToxLF k'u]/ cjnf]sg >j0f ub}{ ;ª\sng ug'{ kb{5 . cjnf]sgn] ltgsf] k|:t'lt, xfpefp cflbaf/] hfGg ;lhnf] x'G5 eg] >j0faf6 :j/nosf s}og\ kIf :ki6 x'G5g\ . ;DalGwt efiffsf] 1fgsf] klg vfFrf] kb{5 . cfk"mn] efiff hflgFb}g eGg] efiff hfGg] ;xof]uLsf] ;fy rflxG5 . ;ª\sngsf nflu WjGoª\sg ug]{ ;fwg x'g' /fd|f] x'G5 . To;f] eof] eg] hlt j]nf hxfF nu]/ klg ;'Gg ;lsG5 / cfjZostf cg';f/ k|of]u u/]/ ljleGg sf]0faf6 ljZn]if0f ug{ ;lsG5 . To;sf] cEffj 5 eg] sfkL k]lG;nsf] k|of]u ug{ klg ;lsG5 . ;'g]/ n]Vtf sf65fF6 eO /xg] ePsfn] sndeGbf k]lG;nsf] k|of]u pko'St x'G5 . ;fdu|L pknAw ug{sf lglDt ;ª\sng stf{n] nf]suLtsf 1ftf jf ufossf] ;xof]u h'6fpg ;Sg] Ifdtf x'g' kb{5 . ldng;f/, lzi6 / ;xof]uL efjgfn] o'St JolStx?n] o:tf sfddf ;xof]u h'6fpg ;St5g\ . sltko k|lts"ntfsf] ;fdgf ug{ ;Sg] cfF6 klg cg';Gwfg stf{df x'g' kb{5 .

         

         

!$= tkfO{+ uLtsf/ klg x'g'x'G5, uLtdf k|of]u x'g] ljDasf af/]df tkfO{+sf] wf/0ff yfxf  kfpmF g <

          uLtsf >f]tf c;ª\Vo hgtf x'g\ . To;}n] ;/n, ;/; / af]wuDo cleJolStsf] uLtdf cfjZostf kb{5 .  ljDax?sf] rog ubf{ o; s'/fsf] x]Ssf /flvg' kb{5 .

         

!%= tkfO{+sf uLtdf ljDa s;/L rog ug'{ ePsf] 5 <

          d}n] uLtx? n]Vtf ljDa, k|tLs / cnª\sf/nfO{ s]Gb|df /fVg] u/]sf] 5}g . ;/n ¿kdf efj jf ljrf/sf] ;Dk|]if0f ug'{ g} d]/f] pb\b]Zo /x]sf] x'G5  t/ klg :jfefljs ¿kdf hg hLjgn] ;lhn} cYof{pg ;Sg] s]xL ljDa cfPsf] b]Vg ;Sg' x'G5 . h:t} Ù

          cFWof/fdf /dfpg] pNn' n'Sg yfNof],

          laxfgLnfO{ lgDTofpg] efn] af:g yfNof] .

         

          xfd|f] sdfO /dfO vfg] h'sfx? hlt,

          gx/fpFbf;Dd ca xfF:t}g w/tL .

lk/ Joyf oftgf ;x]/ k'mn h:t} xFl;nf] eP/

ufpF3/ hufpFb} lxF8\5f} r]tgfsf] lau'n k'ms]/

                   

         

!^= lxhf] cfh Pkm=Pd= / 6L=eLdf 3GsFb} u/]sf uLtx¿ tkfO{+nfO{ s:tf nfU5g\ <

          Pkm=Pd= / 6L=eLdf 3GsFb} u/]sf ;du| uLtx¿nfO{ Pp6} 8fnfdf xfNg ;lsFb}g . s'g} /fd|f efj / ljrf/n] o'St 5g\ eg] s'g} 5f8f / d/GRofF;] k|j[lQsf  5g\ . /fd|f eg]/ d}n] ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0f, /fli6«otf, /fli6«o Pstf  / ;fj{ef}ldstfsf] kIf kf]if0f, ;fdflhs ;b\efjsf] ;+jw{g, ljleGg k|sf/sf lje]b / lyrf]ldrf]sf] cGTo, d'n'ssf] ljsf; / ;d[b\lw, :j:y dfofk|]d clg ;'vb'Mv cflbsf uLtlt/ ;ª\s]t ug{ vf]h]sf] x'F . 5f8f / d/GRofF;] uLt eg]/ d}n] gUg, cZnLn, lg/fzfhgs / cGwljZjf;o'St uLtx?nfO{ cf}FNofpg vf]h]sf] x'F . /fd|f uLtx? klg /]l8of], 6]lnlehg / Pkm=Pd=df 3Gs]sf] ;'Gg kfpg' v';Lsf] s'/f xf] t/ ltgdf Jofkstf cfpg g;Sg' eg] lrGtfsf] ljifo xf] . klxnf] vfnsf uLtx?sf] n]vg / k|rf/ k|;f/df Jofkstf clxn]sf] cfjZostf xf] h;n] hgtfsf] ?lrnfO{ kl/is[t / ;d[b\w t'NofpFb} cfzf, cfF6 / pT;fxsf ;fy clu a9\g] zlSt lbg ;s'g\ .

         

!&= tkfO{+ efifflj1, efiff ;DaGwL tkfO{+sf slt k':ts k|sflzt eP < g]kfnL efiffsf] jt{dfg cj:yf s:tf] kfpg' ePsf] 5 <

         

          d efiffsf] ljBfyL{ kSs} x'F . efiff ;DaGwL d]/f ltg j6f k':ts k|sflzt 5g\ . tL x'g\ M !=e]/L If]qLo g]kfnL lj|mofsf] ;+/rgfTds ljZn]if0f -@)%#_, @=efiff lj1fg, efiff / eflifsf -@)^#_, #=efiff / g]kfnL efiff -@)^(_ . g]kfnL efiff g]kfnsf] Ps k|d'v /fi6«efiff, ;Dks{ efiff, ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiff, lzIff, ;~rf/, sfg'g, k|zf;g / pBf]u jfl0fHosf] efiffsf ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] ;'bL3{ nf]s ;flxlTos / ;flxlTos k/Dk/f /x]sf] 5 . g]kfn dfq geP/ g]kfn aflx/ ef/tsf ljleGg 7fpFdf / cGo d'n'sx?df klg of] efiff af]lnG5 . ef/tn] cf7f}F cg';"rLdf ;"rLs[t u/]/  o;nfO{  dfGotf k|bfg  u/]sf] 5 . cGo d'n'ssf lzIff / ;~rf/df klg o;sf] k|of]u x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . o;sf cg]s zAbsf]z / Jofs/0fx?  k|sflzt 5g\ . ljBf jfl/lwsf ;fy} cGo ljleGg k|sf/sf cg';Gwfgx? o; efiffdf ePsf 5g\ . olt eP/ klg cfhsf eflifs If]qsf xfFsx?sf] ;fdgf ug{ o;df cem} w]/} sfd x'g afFsL 5 . dfgsLs/0fsf If]qdf x'g' kg]{ sltko sfdx? afFsL g} 5g\ . ljleGg ljifo If]qsf] cleJolStsf nflu zAbx?sf] cefj cem} v8\ls /x]sf] 5 / pko'St sf]zx? cem} lgdf{0f x'g ;s]sf 5}gg\ . ca P;=Pd=P;=sf] g} a]Un} efiff rflxg] j]nf cfO ;Sof] . lbgx'F 1fgsf] lj:kmf]6 eO /x]sf] 5 . To;}n] o'u cg';f/sf] cleJolStsf nflu gofF gofF k|of]usf] vfFrf] 5 . xfdL eg] clxn] klg j0f{ ljGof;sf] lvrnf]df clNem /x]sf 5f}F .

!*= tkfO{+sf] ljrf/df Jofs/0f s] xf] < lsg g]kfnL Jofs/0fdf kl/jt{g cfO /xG5 <

         

Jofs/0f eg]sf] eflifs lgod xf] . ;do s|ddf ljlEfGg sf/0fn]  eflifs lgoddf kl/jt{g eO /xG5 . efiffnfO{ gbL;Fu / Jofs/0fnfO{ gbL lgoGq0f ug]{ afFw;Fu t'ngf ul/G5 . efiffsf] zlStzfnL e]nsf cufl8 lgoGq0fsf nflu agfOPsf] afFw elTs /xG5 / gofF gofF lgodx?nfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug{ Jofs/0f afWo x'G5 . o;}af6  g]kfnL Jofs/0fdf lsg kl/jt{g cfpF5 eGg] s'/f a'em\g ;lsG5 .

         

!(= efiff n]VoeGbf klg df}lvs af]nLdf afFr]sf] x'G5 eGg] u/]sf 5g\ sltkon], Jofs/0fsf lgod kl/jt{g ubf{ nf]ssf] af]nLnfO{ sltsf] Wofg lbg' k5{ eGg] nfU5 tkfO{+nfO{ <

          efiff af]nLdf afFRg] s'/f ;xL xf] . cfh klg sltko k|frLg efiffsf n]Vo ;fdu|L t 5g\ t/ tL af]lnFb}gg\ . To;}n] tL hLljt efiff geO{ d[t efiff sxnfpF5g\ . To;}n] sltkon] xf]Og ;a}n] af]lng] efiffnfO{ g} hLljt efiff dfG5g\  . Jofs/0fsf lgod klg af]lng] efiff;Fu ufFl;Psf x'G5g\ . h'DnL g]kfnLsf] Jofs/0f h'Dnfs} af]nLdf cfwfl/t x'G5 eg] 8f]6]nL g]kfnLsf] Jofs/0fsf] cfwf/ 8f]6Ls} af]nL xf] . hxfF;Dd :t/Lo efiffsf] s'/f 5 Tof] klg s'g} 7fpFsf] af]nLdf cfwfl/t x'G5  / Jofs/0fsf lgodx? klg af]nLdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g cg';f/ ablnG5g\ . af]nLdf  gofF k|j[lQ b]vf kl/ /xG5 t/ Tof] gofF  k|j[lQn] lgodsf] ¿k lng eg] ;do nfUg] ub{5 .

         

         

@)= tkfO{+sf] ljrf/df Pp6f /fd|f] efiff s:tf] x'G5 of x'g'k5{ <

          ;a} efiffefifLsf nflu cfcfˆgf efiff /fd|f nfUg' ;fdfGo  s'/f xf] . tL hlt ljsl;t / ;Ifd eP plt g} cleJolStsf nflu ;'ljwfhgs x'G5g\ . ctM af]nLrfnL, k9fO n]vfO, k|zf;g, ;~rf/,  1fg lj1fg cflb cg]s If]qsf lglDt k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] efiff a9L pkof]uL / /fd|f 7flgg' :jfefljs 5 .