dWo klZrdf~rn ljZj ljBfno M hg ck]Iff / uGtJo
dWo
klZrdf~rn ljZj ljBfno M hg ck]Iff / uGtJo
-g]kfn a'l4hLjL
kl/ifb\,lhNnf sfo{ ;ldlt, ;'v]{tåf/f @)&) c;f/ !% ut] ;'v]{tsf]
jL/]Gb| gu/df cfof]lht uf]i7Ldf k|:t't cjwf/0ff kq_
k|f= 8f= hLj]Gb|
b]j lu/L
!=k[i7e"ld
;'v]{tsf]
jL/]Gb| gu/ l:yt dWo klZrdf~rn ljZj ljBfno g]kfnsf slgi7 ljZj ljBfnox?dWo] Ps
xf] . o;sf] :yfkgf / ;~rfngsf k5fl8 cfˆg} k|sf/sf] k[i7e"ld /x]sf] 5 h;df
:yfgLo txsf] pRr lzIffsf] :yfgLo cj:yf,hg cu|;/tf / bafa tyf /fHosf] gLlt
lg0f{osf] c;/ h:tf dxTTjk"0f{ kIfnfO{ lng ;lsG5 .
!=!pRr lzIffsf]
:yfgLo cj:yf
lj=;+=@)!(df dfWolds txsf] k7g kf7gsf]
yfngL ePsf] ;'v]{tdf pRr lzIffsf] k|f/De lj=;+=@)#)sf]
bzsdf x'g uPsf] xf] . oxfF pRr lzIffnfO{ cfdGq0f ug]{ klxnf] SofDk; jL/]Gb| gu/
ax'd'vL SofDk; xf] h'g lj=;+= @)$*df oxfF ;~rfng ePsf] lyof] . lq=lj=lj=sf] ;'v]{t SofDk; -lzIff_lj=;+=@)@(df
g]kfn uGhdf ;~rflnt eP klg lj=;+= @)$)df
dfq oxfF :yfgfGtl/t x'g ;Sof] . pRr lzIfflt/ km8\sf] xfGg gkfpFb} lj=;+=@)$*df
aGb eP klg ;L=Pd=P=SofDk; klg oxfF lj=;+ @)#%df SofDk;sf ¿kdf ;~rfngdf cfPsf]
lyof] h;sf] ef}lts ;'ljwfsf] pkof]u ub}{ ;'v]{t SofDk;n] cfhsf] cj:yfdf k'Ug]
cj;/ k|fKt u/\of] . logsf cltl/St ;'v]{t pkTosfdf klAns ;fOG; SofDk; tyf
;'v]{ts} u'dLdf e]/L lzIff SofDk; / ljBfk'/df hgtf ax'd'vL SofDk; klg d=k= ljZj
ljBfno :yfkgf x'g'clu oxfF ;~rfngdf cfPsf lyP . ;'v]{t SofDk;-lzIff_ / jL/]Gb|
gu/ SofDk;df :gftsf]Q/ txsf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng x'g'n] klg ljZj ljBfno :yfkgfdf
;3fp k'Ug uPsf] lyof] . o;sf ;fy} l;ª\uf] dWo klZrdf~rndf lq=lj= cGtu{tsf /
lq=lj=sf] ;DaGwg k|fKt $) SofDk; tyf !@# pRr dfWolds ljBfno ;~rfng x'g'n] klg
ljZj ljBfnosf lglDt jftfj/0f tof/ /x]sf] b]lvG5 . dWo klZrdf~rn If]qs} bfªdf g]kfn ;+:s[t ljZj ljBfno ;~rflnt eP klg ljifout
Jofkstfsf b[li6n] d=k= ljZjljBfnosf] cfjZostf dx;'; x'g' :jfefljs lyof] eg]
bfªeGbf leGg :yfgdf To;sf] ;~rfng x'g' pko'St dflgg uof] .
!=@ hg cu|;/tf /
bafa
lj=;+=@)#^sf] ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ng kZrft\ ul7t
zfxL pRr lzIff cfof]usf] l;kmfl/;af6 g]kfndf
lghL SofDk; ;~rfng / ax' ljZj ljBfnosf] 9f]sf v'n]kl5 ;'v]{tdf klg
hg:t/sf] SofDk; ;~rfng ePsf] xf] . g]kfnsf ;/sf/L / lghL :t/sf SofDk;x? lj=;+=@)@*df /fli6«o
lzIff k4ltsf] of]hgf nfu' ePkl5 lq=lj=lj= cGtu{t ;~rfng ug]{ lg0f{o /fHon]
u/\of] . o;af6 lzIfs ljBfyL{nfO{ lgoGq0fdf /fVg] /fHosf] dg;fo /x]sf] b]lvG5 t/
lj=;+=@)#^sf] hg cfGbf]ngn] ;f] aGwgnfO{ tf]l8 lbof] . Pp6} ljZj ljBfno cGtu{t
Ps} k|sf/sf] ;d:of ef]lu /x]sf ljBfyL{x?sf] b]ze/af6 p:t} dfu b]v]kl5
cQflnPsf],laxfgb]lv a]n'sf;Dd cg]s l;ˆ6 sIffx? rnfpFbf klg k9\g rfxg]
ljBfyL{x?nfO{ egf{ ug{ g;s]sf] / SofDk;x?df aGb x8tfn x'Fbf klg ltgnfO{ v'nfpg
hg ;d'bfon] k6Ss} rf;f] glnPsf] l:yltdf hg:t/sf SofDk; / ax' ljZj ljBfnosf]
9f]sf vf]Ng ;/sf/ ljjz eof] . o;} qmddf ;'v]{t nufot b]zsf ljleGg efudf hg:t/sf
SofDk;x? v'n] / tTsfnLg dx]Gb| ;+:s[t ljZj ljBfno tyf sf7df8f}F ljZj ljBfno klg
;~rfngdf cfP . lj=;+=@)$^÷@)$&sf] hg cfGbf]ng kZrft\ ul7t /fli6«o lzIff
cfof]u,@)$(n] klg If]qLo ljZj ljBfnosf] cjwf/0ff clu ;fb}{ ax' ljZj ljBfnodf g}
hf]8 lbof] / pRr lzIffnfO{ ljs]lGb|t,ljlzli6s[t / u'0f:t/Lo agfpg] ljrf/ clu
;f/\of] . o; l:yltdf ;'v]{tsf k|fWofks / a'l4hLjLx?sf] Ps hd36df ;'v]{tsf] ljsf;af/] rrf{ rNbf ljZj ljBfno
:yfkgfsf] s'/f klg p7\of]] . ljrf/sf]
oxL lap lj:tfl/t x'g] qmddf hg ;d'bfo lj=;+ @)%@ df lh=lj=;=nfO{ 3r3Rofpg
k'Uof] . ;'?df lh=lj=;=;efklt uf]ljGb
axfb'/ dNnn] ljsf; If]q ;'b[9Ls/0f cleofg cGtu{t ljZj ljBfno :yfkgfsf] s'/fnfO{
cl3 a9fpg' eof] . lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] ljZj ljBfno kl/rfngsf lglDt Ps s/f]8 klRr; nfv ?k}ofF kl/rfng ug]{ lg0f{o
u/\of] . kLtfDa/ 9sfnsf] ;+of]hsTjdf lgld{t clwjStf åo e"if0f s'df/ dfGGw/
/ b]j]Gb| yfkfsf] sfo{6f]nLn] b]zsf cGo efusf ljZj ljBfnosf] l:ytsf] cWoog u/L
k|ltj]bg klg k|:t't u/\of] . To;kl5 csf{ lh=lj=;= ;efklt afns[i0f aL=;L=n] ljZj
ljBfno :yfkgf cleofgsf] g]t[Tj ug'{ eof]
. ;'v]{t lhNnfdf /x]sf /fhg}lts
bn,lzIffk|]dL,k|fWofks,jlsn,lzIfs,kqsf/,ljBfyL{,Jofkf/L cflbsf] e]nfaf6 ljZj
ljBfno :yfkgfsf] cleofgnfO{ ;femf ¿kdf cl3 a9fpg] lg0f{o eof] . lj=;+=@)%$df
bfªdf ;DkGg lh=lj=;= ;efkltx?sf] e]nfn] ;'v]{tdf ljZj ljBfno :yfkgf ug]{ lg0f{o
ug'{ csf]{ dxTTjsf] 36gf aGof] .
:yfgLo
lgsfosf] cefjdf ultljlw ;':tfPsf] cj:yfdf
lj=;+ @)%*df ;'v]{tsf] gful/s ;dfhsf] tkm{af6 PsLs[t ¿kdf ljZj ljBfnosf]
sfd cl3 a9fpg ;j{kIfLo ;j{bnLo lg0f{osf cfwf/df e"if0f s'df/ dfgGw/sf]
g]t[Tjdf d"n ;ldlt lgdf{0f eof] h;sf] ;lrj 8f= dx]Gb| s'df/ dNn x'g'
x'GYof] . o;n] ;'v]{tdf e]nf a}7sx?sf]
cfof]hgf ug]{,sf7df8f}F / ;'v]{tsf sfdx?nfO{ ;dGjo ug]{ , k|ltlglw d08n hfg] /
dfux? k|:t't ug]{ h:tf ljljw sfdx? u/]/ ljZj ljBfno :yfkgfsf] sfdnfO{ clu
a9fof] .
lj=;+=@)%(df g]kfn k|fWofks ;ª\3sf]
;'v]{tdf ePsf] If}qLo e]nfsf] lg0f{on] ljZj ljBfno :yfkgfsf] cleofgnfO{ an
k'/\ofof] . o;n] dWo klZrdf~rndf ljZj ljBfno :yfkgf x'g' kg]{ dxTTjk"0f{
lg0f{o u/\of] .
sf7df8f}Fdf
klg ;'v]{tL sNof0f ;dfhn] ;'v]{tdf ljZj ljBfno :yfkgf ug]{ s'/fnfO{ dxTTjsf ;fy
p7fO /x\of] . o;af/] cf}krfl/s cgf}krfl/s ¿kdf ljleGg e]nf / a}7sx? eO /x] . kl5Nnf]
;dodf o;n] cf}krfl/s ¿kd} dx]Gb| k|;fb lu/Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf 8f=hLj]Gb| b]j lu/L,8f=
rGb| k|;fb l/hfn,8f=gf/fo0f k|;fb kf}8]n,8f= bLks uf}td,6]sbQ /]UdL / g/]Gb|
axfb'/ clwsf/L /x]sf] pRr lzIff lj:t./ / ;dGjo ;ldlt u7g u/L ljleGg a}7sx?
cfof]hgfsf ;fy sfdnfO{ cl3 a9fof] . dx]Gb| k|;fb lu/L
sf7df8f}F aflx/ uPkl5 pSt ;ldlt ;'v]{tL sNof0f ;dfhsf pk;efklt 8f= hLj]Gb| b]j
lu/Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf ;~rflnt /x\of] . ;'v]{tdf ljZj ljBfno :yfkgf ;DaGwL ultljlw
g;]nfcf];\ eg]/ klg o;n] k|oTg ul/ /x\of] . ;'v]{tL sNof0f ;dfhn] o;nfO{ lgDg
cg';f/sf lhDd]jf/L lbPsf] lyof] M—
-s_jL/]Gb| gu/ l:yt ljleGg SofDk;x?lar
;xdlt h'6fO{ pRr lzIffsf] PsLs[t cjwf/0ff lgdf{0f ug{ ;dGjosf/L e"ldsf
k'/f ug]{ .
-v_jL/]Gb| gu/df pRr lzIffsf] ljsf; /
lj:tf/sf nflu :yfgLo SofDk;x?nfO{ PsLs[t t'NofO{ljZj ljBfno ;~rfng x'g]
jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ cfjZos e"ldsf k'/f ug]{ .
-u_jL/]Gb| gu/df pRr lzIffsf] ljsf;sf nflu
/fli6«o cGt/fli6«o ;xof]u h'6fpg cfjZos kxn ug]{ .
-3_jL/]Gb| gu/df ljZj ljBfno ;~rfng nufot
pRr lzIffsf] ljsf; lj:tf/sf nflu
k|ltlglw d08nsf ¿kdf ;DalGwt ;/sf/L Pjd\ ;ª\3;+:yfdf kx'Fr k'/\ofpg] .
o; ;ldltsf ;b:o
8f=gf/fo0f k|;fb kf}8\ofnn] sf7df8f}Fdf / sf7df8f}F —;'v]{tsf lar ;Dks{ / ;dGjo
ug]{ dfq geO{ lzIff dGqfno Pjd\ ;DalGwt cGo lgsfosf sfdsf] cg'udgdf ;d]t
pNn]vgLo e"ldsf k'/f ug'{ eof] .
pSt ;ldltnfO{ lj:tfl/t u/L k'gM 8f=
hLj]Gb| b]j lu/Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf ;dfhsf ;efklt lji0f' axfb'/ s]=;L=kb]g ;b:o /
cGo ;b:ox? ljleGg If]qsf lj1x? nIdL k|;fb vqL,8f= kbd axfb'/ zfxL,8f=;'/]z
s'df/ ltjf/L,8f= rGb| k|;fb l/hfn,6]sbQ /]UdL,g/]Gb| axfb'/ clwsf/L,8f=k'0o
k|;fb /]UdL,8f= gGb axfb'/ l;+x,8f=cf]d k|sfz clwsf/L,o1 k|;fb lu/L,8f=b'uf{
axfb'/ 3tL{,k|f=hut pkfWofo / 8f= dw' ;"bg lu/L tyf ;lrj 8f= gf/fo0f k|;fb
kf}8]n /xg] u/L lj:tfl/t / k'gu{l7t ul/Psf] lyof] . o; ;ldltsf ;Nfxsf/x?df s]bf/eSt
dfy]df,k|f=8f=s}nfzgfy Kofs'/]n,k|f=8f=k|]dgfy kGt,k|f=8f=;"o{nfn
cdfTo,k|f=8f=xif{ gf/fo0f wf}e8]n / k|f= s]zjfgGb lu/L /xg' ePsf] lyof] .
;Nnfxsf/ / cGo If]qsf lj1x?nfO{ ;d]t ;dfj]z u/]/ ;ldltn] dxTTjk"0f{
5nkmnx? u/fPsf] lyof] .
;'v]{t /
sf7df8f}Fsf] zlSt Pslqt eO{ dWo klZrdf~rnaf6 Joj:yflksf ;+;b\df k|ltlglwTj ug]{
;ef;bx? tyf dWo klZrdf~rn If]qsf ;fy} cGoqsf a'l4hLjLx?,k|fWofksx? Pjd\
lj1x?sf] Ps a[xt\ uf]i7L cfof]hgfåf/f ;'v]{tdf ljZj ljBfno :yfkgf ug]{ ;dembf/L
j[l4 ug'{,dWo klZrdf~rn ljZj ljBfnosf] ;+/rgf / sfo{qmdaf/] k|f=8f= kbd axfb'/
zfxL ,8f= rGb| k|;fb l/hfn,8f=gGb axfb'/ l;+x,8f=gf/fo0f k|;fb kf}8]n nuffotsf
lj1x?åf/f k|:t't cjwf/0ff kqdf ljrf/ ljdz{ x'g' ljZj ljBfno :yfkgfsf]
Oltxf;df csf]{ dxTTjk"0f{ 36gf
lyof] . oL ljleGg sfo{df ;'v]{taf6 Joj:yflksf ;+;b\df k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;ef;bx?
sdnf zdf{,ofdnfn sF8]n,g/ axfb'/ lji6,dª\un ljZjsdf{ / k"0f{axfb'/
v8\sfsf] ljz]if ;xof]u / ;lqmotf /x\of] .
o; k|sf/sf] hg cu|;/tf / bafasf sf/0f ljZj ljBfno :yfkgfy{
;/sf/n] ljw]os tof/ u/]kl5 klg afwf c8\rg kG5fpg ljz]if k|oTg ug'{ k/\of] . k|wfg
dGqL,lzIffdGqL,lzIff ;lrj nufotnfO{ bafa
lbg],k|ltlglw d08n hfg],kqsf/ ;Dd]ng ug]{,k]|; lj1lKt lgsfNg] / ;ef;bx?;Fu
Jofks ;Dks{ sfod u/L ljw]ossf kIfdf cledt tof/ ug]{ h:tf sfd sf7df8f}Fdf eP eg] ;'v]{tdf ;8s
cfGbf]ng,aGb h:tf k|efjsf/L kfOnfx? rflnP .
;'v]{tL hgtfn] ljZj ljBfnosf nflu cfly{s
;xof]u :j¿k ;'?d} ! s/f]8 ^# nfv ;xof]u ;ª\sng u/]/ pbfx/0f k|:t't u/]sf lyP
eg] df}b\uNo ;]jf ;dfh g]kfnn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] dxfo1df sl/a @ s/f]8 a/fa/ gub / hUuf bfg u/]sf] s'/f klg ;fj{hlgs ePsf]
5 .
o;/L dWo klZrdf~rn ljZj ljBfnosf] :yfkgfdf
h'g;'s} bn jf ljrf/ wf/fdf /x]sf eP klg ;du| ;'v]{tLx? Ps ePsf lyP / Pp6} :j/df
cfafh a'nGb u/]sf lyP . o;s} kmn:j¿k dWo klZrdf~rn ljZj ljBfno :yfkgfsf] ;'b[9
hu lgdf{0f ePsf] lyof] / ;/sf/ ljZj
ljBfno :yfkgf ug]{ lg0f{odf k'u]sf] lyof] . of] s'/f ljZj ljBfnosf kbflwsf/L
nufot xfdL ;a}n] x[boª\ud ug{ cfjZos 5 .
#=/fHosf] gLlt / lg0f{o
k~rfot sfndf hlt;'s}
If]qLo ;Gt'ngsf] gf/f nufOP klg pRr lzIffsf b[li6n] dWo klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]q kl5 g} /x\of] . To;sf] c;/ ;'v]{tdf klg
kg'{ :jfefljs lyof] . lq=lj=n] lj1fg cWoog ;+:yfgsf] l8g sfof{no g]kfn uGhdf
;~rfng ug]{ lg0f{o u/] klg ;f] sfof{Gjog ePg ha ls ToxL lg0f{o sfof{Gjog eO{
kf]v/fdf dfgljsL / ;fdflhs zf:q tyf lj/f6 gu/df Joj:yfkg cWoog ;+:yfgsf l8g
sfof{nox? ;~rfngdf cfP . /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] k~r jifL{o of]hgfdf ;'v]{tdf
lj1fg SofDk; :yfkgf ug]{ s'/f ;fj{hlgs u/\of] t/ Tof] klg nfu' ePg . To;}n] ;fwf/0f lzIfftkm{sf rf/ j6f SofDk;,Pp6f gl;{ª
SofDk; / bfªsf] ;+:s[t ljZj ljBfnodf o; If]qsf hgtfn] lrQ a'emfpg' k/]sf] lyof]
.
lj=;+=@)$^÷@)$&sf] hg cfGbf]ngkl5 /fi6«df h'g z}lIfs hfu/0fsf] nx/
cfof] To;n] dWo klZrdf~rnsf hgtfnfO{ klg ljz]if pTk|]l/t u/\of] . ;/sf/n] klg
hgtfsf] ck]IffnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ tTk/tf b]vfpg yfNof] . If]qLo :t/df ljZj ljBfno
:yfkgfsf] gLlt aGg',;DefJotf cWoogsf nflu sfo{bn u7g x'g' h:tf ;sf/fTds sfo{
o;}sf kl/0flt lyP . /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u :jo+n] ljleGg ljsf; If]qdf ljZj
ljBfnosf] :yfkgfnfO{ dxTTj lbg'n] klg oxL s'/fsf] Bf]tg ub{5 . dWo klZrdf~rn
If]qdf ljZj ljBfno :yfkgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoogsf nflu lj=;+=@)%*df k|f=8f=;"o{nfn cdfTosf]
;+of]hsTjdf ,lj=;+=@)^!df k|:tfljt dWo klZrdf~rnljZj ljBfnosf] k|f/lDes k|f¿k
tof/ ug{ k|f=8f==;"o{nfn cdfTos} ;+of]hsTjdf lj=;+=@)^!df / k|f= s]zjfgGb
lu/Lsf] ;+of]hsTjdf k|:tfljt dWo klZrdf~rn tof/L ;ldltsf] u7g lj=;+=@)^$df x'g' / tL sfo{bn Pjd\ ;ldltn]
dWo klZrdf~rn If]qsf ljleGg SofDk;x? ;lxt ljleGg :ynx?sf] cWoog u/L hg
;d"x / k|fl1s af}l4s JolStx?sf] /fo
;ª\sngsf ;fy ;sf/fTds k|ltj]bg lbg' / dWo klZrdf~rn ljZj ljBfno P]gsf] k|f¿k ;d]t
tof/ ug'{n] ;'v]{tdf ;f] ljZj ljBfno
:yfkgfsf] lg0f{o lng ;xh eof] / Joj:yflksf ;+;b\df ljw]os k|:t't eO{ ;'v]{tdf
dWo klZrdf~rn ljZj ljBfno :yfkgfsf] a;f}{+sf] ;kgf ;fsf/ eof] .
@=hg ck]Iff
dWo klZrdf~rn ljZj
ljBfno ;du| dWo klZrdf~rnjf;L / ;'v]{tLx?sf] cys k|oTgsf] kmn:j¿k ;'v]{tdf
:Yffkgf ug]{ lg0f{o eO{ ;~rfngdf cfO ;s]sf] 5 . o;sf lglDt hg:t/af6 h'6]sf] ;j{kIfLo ;j{bnLo ;b\efj / Pstf clåtLo /x\of] .
;femf an / k|oTg slt zlStzfnL x'G5 eGg] s'/fsf] of] Ps /fd|f] pbfx/0f aGg uof]
. hg ;d'bfosf] tg dg wgsf] ;xof]u tyf lsl;d lsl;dsf] Ifdtf ePsf JolStx?sf] cys
ldlxg]t, af}l4stf,k|fl1stf cflbsf] o; dxfg\ sfo{df pkof]u eof] . To;}n] o;k|lt ljz]if hg
ck]Iff /xg' :jfefljs s'/f xf] . hg ck]Iff;Fu ;DalGwt sltko s'/fx? sfo{bn /
;ldlt ;dIf k|:t't EfPsf] hfgsf/L :jo+ k|ltj]bgx?n] lbPsf 5g\ eg] ljleGg ljåfg\x?sf cfn]vx?df klg cª\lst 5g\ .
ltgnfO{ ;d]t b[li6ut ub}{ oxfF dWo klZrdf~rn ljZj ljBfnok|ltsf] hg ck]Iff /
uGtJoaf/] rrf{ rnfpg] k|oTg ul/Psf] 5 M—
@=! ;'dw'/ hg
;DaGw
dWo klZrdf~rn
ljZj ljBfnosf] :yfkgfdf ;+nUg /fhg}lts bn,
a'l4hLjL,lzIfs,k|fWofks,clwjStf,;flxTosf/,pBf]uL,Jofkf/L nufotsf] gful/s
;dfhsf] of]ubfgsf] ljZj ljBfnon] ;d'lrt ;Ddfg ug{ ;Sg' ub{5 . ljZj ljBfno
:yfkgfy{ ul7t d"n ;ldltsf] g]t[Tjdf ;'v]{tdf / ;'v]{tL sNof0f ;dfh
sf7df8f}Fsf] g]t[Tjdf sf7df8f}Fdf ePsf sfdx? ;fj{hlgs g} 5g\ . ltgsf] 5\ofg
ljrf/ / n]vfhf]vf Pjd\ tbg'¿ksf]
d"Nofª\sg x'g ;Sof] eg] eljiosf lglDt klg ;xof]usf] jftfj/0f j[l4 x'Fb}
hfg] 5 . vf]nf] t/\of] nf}/f] la:of]{sf] l:ylt eof] eg] ;dfh / ljZj ljBfnosf]
;DaGwaf6 k|fKt x'g] pknlAw u'Dg] vt/f /xg] 5 . ;/sf/L ;xof]unfO{ dfq dxTTj lbO{ ;dfhnfO{ a]jf:tf ubf{ lq=lj=lj=n]
a]xfg'{ k/]sf] ;d:of;Fu xfdL sf]xL ckl/lrt 5}gf}F . ljZjljBfno ;ef / k|fl1s
kl/ifb\sf] u7gdf of] slQsf] k|ltljlDat x'g ;Sof] < hg d"Nofª\sgsf]
ljifo x'g ;St5 . olb o;tkm{ b[li6 k'/\ofpg ;lsPsf] 5}g eg] klg ;do 5Fb} ;f]Rg'
pko'St x'G5 . dWo klZrdf~rn ljZj ljBfnon] ;a} ljrf/ / kIfsf hgtfsf] Gofgf] dfof
kfO /xg' k5{ / ;ª\sL0f{ lrGtgsf sf/0f hg ;d'bfodf pTkGg x'g ;Sg]
ljt[i0ffaf6 ljZj ljBfnonfO{ x'g] xflgaf6
hf]ufpg' kb{5 eGg] k|an hg ck]Iff /x]sf] 5
@=@ hglxtsf/L
sfo{qmd
hgtfsf] lxt ug]{ sfo{qmd
ljZJf ljBfnon] s;/L ;~rfng u5{ egL hgtfn] pT;'stfk"j{s k|tLIff ul/ /x]sf
5g\ . cfhsf] ;dosf] cfjZostfnfO{ Vofn u/]/
;~rfng ug{ ;lsof] eg] dfq s'g}
klg sfo{qmdsf] ;fy{stf /xG5 . dWo klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]qd} lj1fg / k|ljlw
ljifosf] sfo{qmd ePsf SofDk;sf] ;ª\Vof Go"g ePsf] x'Fbf
lj1fg,OlGhlgol/ª,lrlsT;f,jg,s[lif cflb ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt SofDk;n]
oxfFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFsf hgtfsf] ?lr cfsif{0f ug'{ :jfefljs 5 . o;/L g}
;fwf/0ftkm{ klg /f]huf/Lsf cj;/ lbnfpg] ljifok|lt ljz]if cle?lr /x]sf] cg'dfg
ug{ klg ufx|f] 5}g . o; If]qsf ljz]iftfnfO{ Vofn u/]/ klg sfo{qmd ;~rfng x'g'
kb{5 eGg] klg hg wf/0ff /x]sf] kfOG5 . h:t} Ù ko{6gsf] k|r'/ ;Defjgf oxfF
/x]sf] 5 ,g]kfnL efiff / ;+:s[ltsf] d"n ynf]sf ¿kdf of] ljVoft 5, ljleGGf
k|sf/sf jg:klt / h8La'6L oxfF kfOG5g\ ,k|fs[lts ;|f]tdf klg of] If]q wgL 5 . o:t}
cGo ljz]iftfsf] klg vf]hL ug{ ;lsG5 .
o;/L g} l;ª\uf] dWo klZrdf~rnsf] Vofn u/L sxfF s'g sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ egL
gS;fª\sg ug'{ kb{5 eGg] hg cfafh klg ;DalGwt If]qn] ;'Gg cfjZos 5 . oL ;a}nfO{
b[li6ut u/]/ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{' hg ck]Iff cg's"n x'g] 5 .
@=# s'zn Joj:yfkg
dWo klZrdf~rn ljZj ljBfnodf k|d'v
kbflwsf/Lx?sf] lgo'lSt eO{ P]gåf/f lgwf{l/t ;ef,k|fl1s kl/ifb\,sfo{sf/L kl/ifb\
/ ;]jf cfof]usf] u7g eO ;s]sf] 5 . dfgljsL / ;fdflhs zf:q,lzIff lj1fg,Joj:yfkg
tyf jfl0fHo / lj1fg tyf k|ljlwtkm{sf l8gx?sf] lgo'lSt eO{ s]xL ljifosf kf7\oqmd
lgdf{0f ;lxt k7g kf7g klg rfn' ePsf] 5 . jL/]Gb| gu/ ax'd'vL SofDk; / klAns
;fOG; SofDk;sf] ;dfof]hgsf] sfd klg k|foM k'/f ePsf] 5 / lzIff SofDk;-;'v]{tsf]
;dfof]hgsf nflu k|oTg hf/L 5 . oL ;a} sfo{ x'g' xfdL ;a}sf nflu v';Lsf] s'/f
xf] . oL ;a} cª\ux?sf] u7gdf /fHon] / clwsf/ k|fKt kbflwsf/Ln] ljZj ljBfno
:yfkgfsf nflu Pslqt zlStnfO{ slt ;'b[9 t'NofP eGg] s'/f ca Oltxf;sf] ;dLIffsf]
ljifo ag]sf] 5 . o;df st} hg efjgfsf ljk/Lt sdL sdhf]/L /x]sf 5g\ eg] ljZj
ljBfno Joj:yfkgn] cfˆgf] clwsf/sf] ;b'kof]u u/L sfo{ s'zntf k|bz{g ug{ ;St5 .
ut @)^( r}t;DdlgDg
cg';f/ lzIfs sd{rf/L dWo klZrdf~rn
ljZj ljBfnodf sfo{/t /x]sf] kfOG5 M
;ª\sfo lzIfs k|zf;lgs sd{rf/L
k"0f{sfnLg
cf+lzs
lj1fg
/ k|ljlw !! @ $
lzIff
lj1fg ! @^ !)
Joj:yfkg !) @# $
dfgljsL
/ ;fdflhs zf:q !* @& %
hDdf $) &* @#
Joj:yfksLo s'zntfn]
g} ;dflxt SofDk;sf lzIfs,sd{rf/L ,ljBfyL{ / cleefjsx?l;tsf] ljZjf; a9fpg ;St5 .
lzIfs / sd{rf/Ln] lgo'lStdf s;}nfO{ sfv / s;}nfO{ kfvf kf/]sf] cg'e"lt
gug'{,kbf]Gglt / j[lQ ljsf;sf] cj;/ k|fKt ug'{,ljBfyL{x?n] lgoldt / ;'rf? ¿kdf
cWoogsf] jftfj/0f kfpg' tyf cleefjsn] cfˆgf] ;Gtltsf] eljio ;'/lIft b]Vg' h:tf
s'/faf6 ;dembf/Lsf] jftfj/0f aGg ;St5 . o;/L g} ;dfof]hgsf] k|lqmof hf/L /x]sf]
;'v]{t SofDk;-lzIff_ / ToxfF sfo{/t lzIfs sd{rf/L,ljBfyL{,cleefjs tyf lqe'jg
ljZj ljBfno;Fusf] ;dembf/L lgdf{0fsf nflu ljz]if k|oTg ck]lIft 5 . o;df :yfgLo
a'l4hLjL,gful/s ;dfh / /fhg}lts j[Qaf6 klg ;xof]u lng ;lsg] jftfj/0f lgdf{0fdf ljZj ljBfno Joj:yfkg k|j[Q
x'g' pko'St x'g] 5 . ;DalGwt dGqfno,ljZj ljBfno cg'bfg cfof]u cflbsf]
e"ldsfn] klg ;d:of ;dfwfgdf
ljz]if ;xof]u k'Ug] x'Fbf To;tkm{sf]
;DsGw / ;dGjonfO{ klg dxTTj lbg cfjZos 5 .
ljZj ljBfno
k|zf;g / cGo k|zf;gsf] cGt/nfO{ a'lemPg eg] klg slxn] sxLF ;d:of pTkGg x'g ;St5
. z}lIfs k|zf;gsf cfˆg} d"No / dof{bf 5g\ . xfFs8fFsn] z}lIfs k|zf;g rNg
;St}g . ljj]s, ts{ / k4lt o;sf cfwf/e"t kIf x'g\ . ctM /rgfTds cfnf]rgf /
;'emfanfO{ ljZj ljBfno Joj:yfkgn] :jfut ug{ ;Sg' kb{5,ljj]s / ts{åf/f ;Gt'i6
kfg{' kb{5 / k4lt ;ª\ut 9ª\un] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg vf]Hg' kb{5 . ;dodf lg0f{o
lng',To;sf] s'g} rfnafhLljgf
Odfgbf/Lk"0f{ sfof{Gjog ug'{ h:tf s'/fn] af}l4s ;d'bfosf] dg lhTg
;lsG5 . hg ;d'bfo ljZj ljBfnoleq cJoj:yf xf]Og,Jojl:yt / dof{lbt k4lt rfxG5 .
@=$ lgoldt k7g kf7g / u'0f:t/Lo lzIff
u'0f:t/Lo k7g kf7g hg
ck]Iff;Fu ufFl;Psf] cToGt dxTTjsf] ljifo xf] . cfhsf] k|lt:kwf{sf] o'udf sfd
rnfp lzIffaf6 s]xL pknlAw x'Fb}g . To;}n] k7g kf7gnfO{ :t/o'St ¿kdf ;~rfng ul/Psf] ;a}n] b]Vg rfxG5g\
. o;sf lglDt of]Uo lzIfs,pko'St ef}lts ;+/rgf, :t/o'St kf7\oqmd / kf7\o
;fdu|L,;'ljwfhgs k':tsfno / k|of]uzfnf,lgoldt k7g kf7g / cWoog cg';Gwfg,;d'lrt
d"Nofª\sg cflbsf] vfFrf] kb{5 . lgoldt
lg/LIf0f / cg'udg tyf
uf]i7L,sfo{zfnf,k|lzIf0f cflbsf] Joj:yf u/]/ klg k7g kf7gsf] :t/j[l4 ug{ ;lsG5
. vf; u/]/ ;'?sf] lgo'lStdf rf]/ 9f]sfsf] k|of]u gu/L lj1fkg,cGtjf{tf{ cflbsf
dfWodaf6 of]Uotfsf] ;Ddfg ug]{ / of]Uo lzIfsnfO{ lkPr=8L=,Pd=lkmn=cflbsf] cWoog
cj;/ k|bfg ug]{ xf] eg] ljZj ljBfnodf of]Uo
lzIfssf] cefj x'g] 5}g . To;}n]
ljZj ljBfnosf] ah]6 vr{df k7g kf7gsf]
:t/ p7fpg pko'{St s'/fx?n] k|fyldstf kfpg' k5{ eGg] hg:t/sf] egfOn] ljz]if cy{
/fVt5 . ljZj ljBfnon] cfˆgf] ah]6sf] slt lx::ff s]df vr{ ug]{ u/]sf] 5 egL /flvPsf] hg rf;f]sf]
;/f]sf/ o;};Fu ;DalGwt 5 . st} k|fyldstf kfpg' kg]{ If]q pk]lIft eP/ c¿ g}
If]qdf ah]6 k|jfx eO /x]sf] t 5}g egL r]tgzLn hg ;d'bfon] ;/f]sf/ /fVg'sf] ;fy{stf o;};Fu klg ufFl;Psf] 5 . ef}lts
;+/rgfsf] ljsf;sf nflu /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o ;|f]tsf ;fy} :yfgLo ;xof]usf] clwstd
;b'kof]u xf]cf];\ eGg] rg rfxgf 5 .
@=% pko'St kf7\oqmd
dWo klZrdf~rn ljZj
ljBfnon] :gfts / :gftsf]Q/ txsf s]xL kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f u/]/ nfu' u/]sf] 5 .
ljBfyL{x?n] oL kf7\oqmdsf] cWoog u/L tx pQL0f{ ug{ cem} s]xL ;do nfUg] 5 . ctM
o; kf7\oqmdsf] cWoogsf] k"0f{tf kZrft\ dfq oxfFsf pTkfbgn] /fli6«o cGt/f{li6«o :t/df
s] s:tf] dfGotf / dxTTj kfpF5g\ eGg] s'/f :ki6 x'g] 5 . x/]s cleefjs kf7\oqmdsf
sf/0fn] cfˆgf] ;Gtltn] b]zleqsf / b]z aflx/sf ljZj ljBfnodf lgaf{w k|j]z
kfcf];\ eGg] rfxG5 . kf7\oqmdsf af/]df oL ;a} s'/fdf ;f]r ljrf/ k'/\ofP/ g} nfu' ul/Psf] xf]nf
eGg] hg ljZjf; 5 . b]zleqs} ljZj
ljBfnon] k|j]z glnO{ sltko ljBfyL{x? cK7\of/fdf k/]sf] ljutsf] l:ylt bf]xf]l/g
glbg / cfˆgf ljBfyL{nfO{ lahf]udf kg{ glbg ljZj ljBfnon] clxn]b]lv g} ;r]ttf
cFufNg cTofjZos 5 .
@=^ ;Ifd hgzlSt
pTkfbg
ljZj ljBfnosf] Ps dxTTjk"0f{
pb\b]Zo pRr :t/sf] ;Ifd hgzlSt pTkfbg
ug{' xf] eGg] s'/f :ki6 g} 5 . o; pb\b]Zosf] kl/k"lt{sf nflu s] s:tf gLlt
/ sfo{qmd cFufNg] eGg]af/] ljZj ljBfno k]|dLx?lar x'g] 5nkmn ax; ljZjljBfnosf
nflu ;xof]uL g} x'g] 5 . o:tf s'/fx?df pbf/ b[li6sf]0f /fvL /fo ;'emfa ;ª\sng
ul/gfn] ljZj ljBfnosf] gLlt lg0f{on] kl/kSjtf kfpg] s'/fdf s'g} låljwf 5}g . /fi6«
/ ;dfhn] u/]sf] nufgLsf] k|ltkmn /fd|f] x'g ;s]g eg] To;sf] b'ikl/0ffd ef]Ug
;dfh ljjz x'G5 . ;dfhsf] ;/f]sf/ /x\of] eg]
hUuf nufotsf ef}lts ;'ljwf h'6fpg,k9fO ;'rf? /fVg,cg'zf;g sfod ug{ w]/}
;lhnf] kg]{ 5 eGg] s'/f sbflk e'Ng' x'Fb}g . pko'St jftfj/0f lgdf{0fdf
;d'bfosf] e"ldsfn] ljz]if k|efj kfg{ ;St5
h;n] ubf{ ;Ifd hg zlSt PTkfbgdf 6]jf k'Ug hfG5 . cWoog cWofkg ul/g]
ljifo xfd|f] cfjZostf cg's"n eP gePsf] af/] klg :yfgLo ;dfhaf6 l;Sg ;lsg]
w]/} 7fpF /xG5 . s'g k|sf/sf] / s'g txsf] hgzlSt xfd|f nflu cfjZos 5 eGg]
s'/fsf] cfsng gu/L ul/g] pTkfbgn] a]/f]huf/sf] ;ª\Vof a9fPsf] kL8f ;dfhn] ef]lu
/x]sf] 5 . ctM k|fljlws jf ;fwf/0f h:tf];'s} hgzlSt pTkfbg ubf{ klg p;nfO{
tb\ljifodf ljz]if 1fg / l;kn] o'St t'Nofpg ;Sg' kb{5 eGg] hg efjgfsf] sb/ ul/g'
kb{5 .
@=& ;d'lrt
ef}lts jftfj/0f
ljZj ljBfnosf] e"|0f tof/
EfP klg o;n] k"0f{ cfsf/ lng afFsL g} 5 . ;dflxt SofDk;x?sf s]xL ejg /
ef8fdf lnOPsf s]xL ejgx?df of] ;~rflnt 5 . sf7df8f}Fdf klg Pp6f 3/ ef8fdf
lnOPsf] 5 . ;'v]{tdf Pp6f ejg lgdf{0ffwLg 5 . gu/ kflnsf If]qsf] @$ la3f hUuf
;'v]{tL hgtf,gu/ kflnsf,ljZj ljBfnosf kbflwsf/L / k"j{ Joj:yflksf ;+;b\sf
;b:ox?sf] k|of;:j¿k ljZj ljBfnosf gfddf btf{ ePsf] 5 . Pp6f ljZj ljBfno
;~rfngsf nflu of] hUuf ckof{Kt 5 eGg] s'/f ;a}nfO{ yfx 5 . ;'?d} yk hUuf s;/L
k|fKt ug]{ eGg] ;DaGwdf hg :t/df Ps ;xdlt ePsf] kfOG5 . To; cg';f/ lj=;+=@)^!sf]
sfo{nsf] k|ltj]bgdf ;'v]{t SofDk;-lzIff_ /x]sf] hUuf &–$–@@,z}lIfs If]qsf]
hUuf @$–)–),lzIff SofDk;sf] cfjf; If]q !–)–@,s'Og] kfgL ;+/lIft If]q
!%–)–),dlxnf 5fqfjf; If]q )–!&–&,v'nf d}bfg If]q ^–@–! !÷@,jL=g=kf= j8f
g+=!@ k"j{sf] ;fd'bflos jg If]q !*#–^–!* !÷@;lxt hDDff@#*–^–!* !÷@ la3f
hUUff ljZj ljBfnonfO{ k|fKt x'g] ;'emfa lbOPsf] b]lvG5 . oL ;a} hUff k|fKt
ePkl5 lzIf0f ejg, k|zf;sLo ejg,dlxnf tyf
k'?if 5fqfjf;,lzIfs sd{rf/L cfjf;, ,k':tsfno,k|of]uzfnf,;efsIf,5fkfvfgf ,cltly
u[x,:jf:Yo s]Gb|,;'/Iff u[x,rd]gf u[x,zf}rfno,a}ª\s,6]lnkmf]g,sDKo'6/,OG6/g]6 /
cfGtl/s ;~rf/ ;~hfn,j}slNks Joj:yf ;lxtsf] ljB't\ cfk"lt{ , kfgL ,9n
cflbsf] Joj:yf, v]ns'b d}bfg,au}Frf,uf8L la;f}gL cflbsf nflu u'? of]hgf lgdf{0f
u/L ;d'lrt ef}lts jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ ;lsg] 5 . hg ;xof]uaf6 p7]sf] /sdsf] klg
o:tf sfo{df ;b'kof]u x'g ;Sof] eg] pT;fxhgs hg ;xeflutf /xg] s'/f ;'lglZrt 5 . g]kfnL
hgtfn] c;n sfo{ ePsf] b]Vtf cu'jfx?sf cfx\jfgdf k"0f{tM ;dlk{t eO{ cg]s
k|sf/sf ;xof]u u/]sf 5g\ h;sf] pbfx/0fdf
;'v]{tL hgtfn] x[bo vf]n]/ ljXj ljBfnosf
lglDt u/]sf] ;xof]unfO{ lng ;lsG5 . hgtf ;xof]u ug{ rfxG5g\ t/ To;lglDt
jftfj/0f lgdf{0f x'g ;Sg' kb{5 eGg] s'/f 3fd hlQs} 5n{ª\ª 5 .
@=* pRr lzIffdf
;fdfGo ju{sf] kx'Fr
pRr lzIff ;fdfGo
ju{sf JolStsf kx'Frdf 5}g . !) ±@ sf] u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf nflu 3/hUUff a]Rg' kg]{
l:ylt Psflt/ 5 eg] csf{lt/ k|fljlws lzIff klg cToGt dxFuf] /x]sf] 5 . ctM sltko
k|ltefzfnL ljBfyL{x?sf] k|ltefsf] ;b'kof]u x'g kfPsf] 5}g . k9fOnfO{ sfd /
cfh{g;Fu ufF:g ;lsg] ;Defjgfsf] vf]hL hh{/ ul/aLn] lk/f]n]sf] o; If]qsf nflu
7'nf] qf0f x'g] 5 . h:t}Ù ko{6g, xf]6n Joj:yfkg cflbsf] k9fO ;Fu;Fu} cfh{gsf]
;Defjgf 5 / s]xL lzIf0f ;+:yfn] o; k|sf/sf] sfd u/]sf pbfx/0fx? klg 5g\ . o;/L
g} ul/a / h]x]Gbf/ ljBfyL{sf nflu clwsflws 5fqj[lQsf] Joj:yf u/]/ klg o;
;d:ofnfO{ s]xL dfqfdf 36fpg ;lsG5 . cfFugdf ljZj ljBfno cfpgfn] /dfPsf hgtfn]
…cfsfzsf] kmn cfFvf t/L d/\Úsf] l:yltdf /xg' gk/f];\ egL ;Dalwt If]qn] Wofg
k'/\ofpg cfjZos 5 .
@=( sfddf
kf/blz{tf
hgtfx? kf/blz{tfsf]
kIfkftL x'g' ;fdfGo s'/f xf] . kf/blz{tfsf cefjdf cljZjf; / j}/efj pTkGg x'G5 /
cgfjZos ¿kdf åGå a9\g hfG5 . cfhsf] ;~rf/sf] o'udf ePu/]sf sfd ;fj{hlgs ug{
Tolt ufx|f] klg 5}g . dWo klZrdf~rn ljZj ljBfnon] lzIfs sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lSt ljlw
;Ddt 9ª\un] gu/]sf],ljZj ljBfnosf lgod ljlgod ;fj{hlgs gu/]sf], lgod ljlgod /
dLtJolotfsf] kfngf gu/]sf],ljZj ljBfnosf kbflwsf/Lx?n] ;'v]{tnfO{ sfo{:yn
agfpg'sf] ;f6f] sf7df8f}Fdf ;Dks{ sfof{no vf]nL cgfjZos Jooef/ a9fPsf], ljZj
ljBfno ;efsf] a}7s ;'v]{tdf gu/L sf7df8f}Fdf cfof]hgf u/]sf] h:tf s'/f k|fWofksx?sf]
;ª\u7gn] p7fpg'df kf/blz{tfsf] ;d:of /x]sf] b]lvG5 . jf:tjdf oL s'/fx? k4lt
a;fNgsf nflu g} p7fOPsf] kfOG5 / ljZj ljBfnon] klg o; s'/fnfO{ g} cg'e"t
u/L ;demf}tf u/]sf] xf]nf eGg] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . kf/bzL{ 9ª\un] sfd eof] eg] s;}n] klg st}af6 cgfjZos bafa
a]xfg{' gkg]{ / k/:k/ zª\sf pkzª\sfdf kg'{ gkg]{ s'/f ;'lglZrt 5 . ;demf}tf ul/
;s]kl5 To;sf] sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]g eg] cljZjf;sf] vf8n cem ulxl/G5 eGg] s'/f klg
cfTd;ft\ ug{ cfjZos 5 .
@=!) ;'v]{t
s]lGb|t ultljlwdf hf]8
dWo klZrdf~rn ljZj
ljBfnosf] d"n ynf] ;'v]{t lhNnfsf] jL/]Gb| gu/ ePsfn] ;f]xL 7fpFdf ljZj
ljBfnosf ultljlwx? ;~rfng x'g' kb{5 eGg] s'/fdf s;}sf] ljdlt x'g ;St}g . kf]v/f
/ jL/]Gb| gu/df /x]sf lq=lj=lj=sf l8g sfof{nox? sf7df8f}F s]lGb|t x'Fb} Ps
sfnv08df x/fPsf] / kl5 k'gM sf7df8f}Fdf g} ;~rfng ePsf] s'/f hu hfx]/ 5 . ctM
;'v]{t s]lGb|t ultljlwdf g]kfn k|ultzLn k|fWofks ;ª\u7gn] hf]8 lbP/
kbflwsf/Lx?nfO{ j]n}df ;r]t u/fPsf] 5 . o;af/]df ljZjljBfnosf kbflwsf/Lx?af6 ;Dks{
sfof{nosf sfdx?nfO{ Go"g ub}{ ;'v]{t s]lGb|t x'g] k|lta4tf JoSt x'g'
;sf/fTds s'/f xf] . ;'v]{tdf ultljlw s]lGb|t ePdf 7'nf] ;ª\Vofdf ljleGg ljifosf
ljz]if1 / ljb\jfgx?nfO{ ;'v]{tn] :jfut ug]{ cj;/ kfpg] 5 h;af6 ;'v]{t cg]s
b[li6n] nfeflGjt x'g] 5 . cWofkg,kf7\oqmd lgdf{0f, k/LIff,cGtjf{tf{,cg';Gwfg
cflb ;a} k|sf/sf sfd ;'v]{taf6 ;DkGg x'g ;S5g\ . oftfoftsf ljleGg ;fwgsf] ;xh
kx'Fr ;'v]{tdf 5 . ljZj ljBfno ;ef ;~rfng ug{ ;lsg] ;efsIf / cltlyx?sf lglDt
;'ljwfhgs cfjf; pknAw u/fpg ;Sg] Ifdtf
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g]t[Tjn] sf7df8f}Fdf ;ef ug]{ s'/fnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg' lj8Dagfk"0f{ s'/f
xf] . ;'v]{tL hgtf rfxG5g\,;'v]{tdf cfof]hgf x'g' kg]{ sfo{qmd /fhwfgLlt/
g;/f];\ Û
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cGo ljZj ljBfnosf k|lt:kwf{df ptfg{ / ljZjsf k|ltli7t ljZj ljBfnosf kª\lStdf
pEofpg ;DalGwt If]qn] plrt kfOnf rfnf];\ / To;df cfkm" klg ;xefuL x'g
;lsof];\ eGg] pgLx?sf] leqL dg;fo 5 . o;sf] pTkfbg ljZjdf of]Uo / bIf sxnfcf];\
/ o; If]qs} lz/ 7f8f] kf/f];\ eGg] oxfFsf] x/]s gful/ssf] rfxgf 5 .
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;DkGg ljefux? tyf cg';Gwfg s]Gb|x? ;lxtsf] s]Gb|Lo SofDk; / If]qel/ ;DaGwg
k|fKt SofDk;x? lj:tfl/t eO{ hgtfx? nfeflGjt x'g] lbg 6f9f /xg] 5}g . o;n]
pTkfbg ug]{ :gfts,:gftsf]Q/ , ljBfjfl/lw / ljBfjfl/lwkl5sf] cWoog k|fKt pRr :t/Lo
hgzlSt o; If]qsf] cfly{s j[l4 / ;fdflhs ljsf;df t ;xof]uL x'g] g} 5 ,ljZj
ljBfnosf] 5ljnfO{ k|ltli7t t'Nofpg klg ;Ifd x'g] 5 eGg] hg ljZjf; 5 .
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ofqf k|f/De ul/ ;s]sf] 5 . o;sf nIo,pb\b]Zo / uGtJolt/ of] s;/L clu a9\5
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o; If]qsf hgtfsf] 7'nf] cfzf 5 . o;sf]
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;kmn x'g] 5 . cGoyf cg]s xfFs jf r'gf}tLlar of] cndlng ;St5 . Joj:yfkg /
hg:t/sf] ;';DaGwaf6 g} To;sf] ;fdgf ug{ ;lsg] 5 . xfn} ljZj ljBfnon] g]kfn
k|fWofks ;ª\3nfO{ n]v]sf] Ps lr7L / To;sf] hafkmdf ;f] k|fWofks ;ª\3n] n]v]sf]
lr7L Pjd\ k|]; lj1lKtlt/ b[li6 nufpFbf s] 5n{ª\ª x'G5 eg] ljZj ljBfno Joj:yfkg
cfˆg} k|fWofks kl/jf/sf] ljZjf; lhTg c;dy{ 5 . To;}n] ;dflxt b'O6f SofDk;sf cnu
cnu k|fWofks ;ª\3dWo] Pp6fnfO{ dfGotf lbg] / csf{nfO{ dfGotf glbg] 9ª\un]
n]lvPsf] lr7LnfO{ k|fWofks ;ª\3 c:jLsf/ ub{5 / To;k|lt lj/f]w k|s6 ug{ k'Ub5 .
hgtf o; k|sf/sf] ultljlw aGb eO{ k/:k/ ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf xf]cf];\ eGg] rfxG5g\\
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lji.osf] cWoog,cWofkg / cg';Gwfgåf/f u'0ffTds / :t/o'St pRr lzIffsf] cj;/ b'u{d
nufot ;a} If]qsf hgtfnfO{ ;'ne ¿kdf pknAw u/fO{ /fli6«o ljsf;df bIf hgzlStsf]
cfk"lt{ ug{ / k|lt:kwf{sf] cfwf/df pRr lzIffsf] u'0f:t/df clej[l4 ub}}{
b]zsf] z}lIfs tyf k|fl1s jftfj/0fnfO{ cem a9L :jR5,dof{lbt / pknlAwd"ns agfpg
dWo klZrdf~rn ljZj ljBfnosf] :yfkgf / ;~rfng ug]{ ;DaGwdf cfjZos Joj:yf ug{
jf~5gLo ePsf]Æ eGg] s'/f plNnlvt 5 . o;af6 of] ljZj ljBfno lsg :yfkgf ePsf] xf]
/ o;sf] uGtJo s] xf] eGg] s'/f yfxf x'G5 . o;n] o; ljZj ljBfnonfO{ d'n'ssf cGo
ljZj ljBfnox?df ;~rflnt ;a} k|sf/sf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{ cj;/ lbPsf] 5 . b'u{d
If]qsf hgtfnfO{ klg ;'ne lzIff pknAw u/fpg] kljq pb\b]ZonfO{ o;n] cfTd;ft\ u/]sf] 5 . cWoog, cWofkg /
cg';Gwfg;Fu o;sf] ;fOgf] ufFl;Psf] s'/f klg oxfF plNnlvt 5 . /fli6«o ljsf;df
bIf hgzlStsf] cfk"lt{ ug]{ o;sf] cleef/f xf] . k|lt:kwf{sf cfwf/df pRr lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ clej[l4 ug'{ tyf b]zsf]
z}lIfs tyf k|fl1s jftfj/0fnfO{ cem a9L :jR5,dof{lbt / pknlAwd"ns agfpg]
sfo{ klg o;;Fu ;DalGwt 5 . oL ;a} s'/f
k'/f ug{ ljZj ljBfno k|zf;g PSn}af6 ;Dej 5}g . To;}n] ljBfyL{, lzIfs,cleefjs /
;du| hgtfsf] ;xof]usf cfwf/df dfq oL nIosf] r'r'/f] r9\g ;lsg] 5 . ;a}sf]
;xof]u To; j]nf h'6\g ;S5 hlt j]nf Odfgbf/ / lgM:jfy{ 9ª\un] sfd x'g yfNb5 .
To;}n] o; ljZj ljBfnosf] ljsf; s;}sf] bDedf xf]Og ,;a}sf] ;xof]u / k/:k/
xft]dfnf]df lge{/ 5 .
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